{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.selenium","code":"thing-q876","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q876/","name":"selenium","alternateNames":["selenium-81","selenium-65","selenium-66","selenium-67","selenium-68","selenium-69","selenium-70","selenium-71","selenium-72","selenium-73","selenium-83","selenium-84"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34, a nonmetal in the oxygen group with grey metallic-looking and red allotropes, photoconductive and semiconducting; selenium is an essential trace nutrient in selenoproteins, toxic in excess, recovered mainly from copper refining, and used in glass, pigments, electronics, photocopiers historically, and dietary supplements, with six natural isotopes.","purpose":"Let an agent identify selenium and its properties, relay its nutritional and toxicological roles from authoritative sources, explain production and uses, and distinguish it from tellurium and sulfur.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Essential and toxic","Photoconductive","Allotropes","Copper refining by-product"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What selenium is.","layers":[{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Properties and allotropes.","findings":[{"id":"properties-finding","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are the properties and allotropes of selenium?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about selenium or a neighbouring chalcogen?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"isotopes","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","findings":[{"id":"isotopes-finding","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","questions":[{"text":"Which isotopes exist, and which are stable or of interest?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific isotope?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"health","name":"Health","description":"Nutrition and toxicity.","layers":[{"id":"nutrition","name":"Nutrition","description":"Nutrition.","findings":[{"id":"nutrition-finding","name":"Nutrition","description":"Nutrition.","questions":[{"text":"What role does selenium play in the body, and what do dietary references say?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about personal supplementation, which needs a professional?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"toxicity","name":"Toxicity","description":"Toxicity.","findings":[{"id":"toxicity-finding","name":"Toxicity","description":"Toxicity.","questions":[{"text":"What are the effects of deficiency and excess, and what limits apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"industry","name":"Industry","description":"Production and uses.","layers":[{"id":"production","name":"Production","description":"Production.","findings":[{"id":"production-finding","name":"Production","description":"Production.","questions":[{"text":"How is selenium recovered, and who produces it, with sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"uses","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","findings":[{"id":"uses-finding","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","questions":[{"text":"How is selenium used in glass, pigments, electronics and agriculture?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific use?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Environment and history.","layers":[{"id":"environment","name":"Environment","description":"Environmental selenium.","findings":[{"id":"environment-finding","name":"Environment","description":"Environment.","questions":[{"text":"How does selenium move through soils and water, and where is contamination a problem?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits environmental toxicology?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How was selenium discovered by Berzelius in 1817, and how was its role in nutrition found?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of chemistry?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain selenium's properties, uses in electronics and glass, and its role as a trace nutrient.","Report dietary reference values from health authorities with sources.","Advise people to discuss supplements with a clinician."],"mustNot":["Recommend selenium supplement doses for a specific person.","Present selenium as a cure or cancer preventive beyond evidence.","Advise disposing of selenium compounds into soil or water.","Dismiss selenium contamination from mining or irrigation as harmless."],"requiresHuman":["Supplementation decisions for people with health conditions."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Selenium is essential in small amounts and toxic in excess; the margin is narrow.","Contamination harms wildlife and communities downstream of mines and farms."],"affectedParties":["People taking supplements","Wildlife near contaminated water","Communities near mines"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the element; producers and holders answer for what they hold.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q19596","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"metalloid","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"chalcogen","type":"related","note":"group 16"},{"target":"selenoprotein","type":"related","note":"such as glutathione peroxidase"},{"target":"arsenic","type":"related","note":"element 33"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.selenium","Wikidata: Q876 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876)","symbol: Se","CAS: 7782-49-2"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["atomic number: 34 Z","standard atomic weight: 78.971 u","melting point: 221 degrees C - grey form","adult recommended intake: about 55 micrograms per day - varies by authority"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Selenium is element 34 with symbol Se.","Selenium is a nonmetal in group 16.","Sulfur and tellurium are the neighbouring chalcogens.","A grey metallic solid in its stable form, or red powder and glass in other allotropes."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["relay properties and isotopes","explain nutrition and toxicity","explain production and uses","distinguish from related elements"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Deficiency diseases and toxicity from excess","Environmental contamination from mining and agriculture","Agents giving personal supplementation advice"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Dietary reference intakes and upper limits","Supplement and food fortification regulations","Occupational exposure limits","Environmental rules for selenium in water"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Glass, electronics, pigments, nutrition and agriculture.","selenium allotropes: grey, red and black","selenium compounds such as selenides and selenites","isotopes from selenium-65 to selenium-95, with six natural and Se-79 long-lived","selenium in nutrition and selenoproteins"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q876: selenium","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Selenium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should selenium deficiency and toxicity be separate entries?","How should dietary standards be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming isotopes; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q876/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q876/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T23:41:50Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:33+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}