{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.ukrainian","code":"thing-q8798","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8798/","name":"Ukrainian","alternateNames":["Ukrainian language in Transnistria","Ukrainian language in Ukraine","Ukrainian language in the Soviet Union","Ukrainian language in Russia","Ukrainian language in Zakarpattia","Transcarpathian dialect","standard Ukrainian","Upper Sannian dialect","Southeastern Ukrainian","Modern Ukrainian","Canadian Ukrainian","Transnistrian Ukrainian"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An East Slavic language spoken by tens of millions of people, the official language of Ukraine and spoken by Ukrainian communities in neighbouring countries and a worldwide diaspora, written in a Cyrillic alphabet with distinctive letters, with dialect groups including the Transcarpathian dialects and a standard language developed from the nineteenth century; the status and use of Ukrainian in Ukraine, in the Soviet period and in regions such as Transnistria have been shaped by language policy and are described here with positions attributed.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the Ukrainian language and its features, dialects and history, support learners with resources, describe its status and language policy questions neutrally with attribution, and support linguistic questions.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["East Slavic","Distinctive Cyrillic letters","Dialect groups","Language policy history"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What Ukrainian is.","layers":[{"id":"features","name":"Features","description":"Features.","findings":[{"id":"features-finding","name":"Features","description":"Features.","questions":[{"text":"What are the phonological, grammatical and orthographic features of Ukrainian, and how does it differ from Russian and Belarusian?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is standard Ukrainian or a dialect meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"dialects","name":"Dialects","description":"Dialects.","findings":[{"id":"dialects-finding","name":"Dialects","description":"Dialects.","questions":[{"text":"What are the dialect groups of Ukrainian, including the Transcarpathian dialects, and how does Rusyn relate, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are contested?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Learning Ukrainian.","layers":[{"id":"learners","name":"Learners","description":"For learners.","findings":[{"id":"learners-finding","name":"Learners","description":"Learners.","questions":[{"text":"How can Ukrainian be learned, and which resources are recommended?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits language learning?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"usage","name":"Usage","description":"Usage questions.","findings":[{"id":"usage-finding","name":"Usage","description":"Usage.","questions":[{"text":"How is a given form or expression used correctly in standard Ukrainian?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which entry fits Ukrainian grammar?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"society","name":"Society","description":"Status and policy.","layers":[{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Status in Ukraine.","findings":[{"id":"status-finding","name":"Status","description":"Status.","questions":[{"text":"What is the legal status of Ukrainian in Ukraine, and how have language laws developed, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"abroad","name":"Abroad","description":"Ukrainian abroad and in contested regions.","findings":[{"id":"abroad-finding","name":"Abroad","description":"Abroad.","questions":[{"text":"How is Ukrainian used and protected in neighbouring countries, the diaspora and regions such as Transnistria, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral on contested territories?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did Ukrainian develop and become standardised, and how did Soviet-era policy affect it, according to historians?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How is Ukrainian taught in Ukraine and abroad?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Translate to and from Ukrainian and explain its grammar and alphabet.","Explain the history of the language citing sources."],"mustNot":["Describe Ukrainian as a dialect of Russian or deny it is a distinct language.","Transliterate Ukrainian names and places using Russian forms when Ukrainian ones are expected.","Present machine translation as certified translation for legal, asylum or medical use.","Produce Ukrainian-language propaganda or impersonation of real people or institutions."],"requiresHuman":["Translating documents for refugees, courts or authorities.","Medical or safety communication that a speaker will rely on."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["The language has been suppressed in the past and its status is bound up with national identity and war.","Errors in translation can harm displaced people dealing with authorities."],"affectedParties":["Ukrainian speakers","Displaced Ukrainians abroad"]},"owners":{"steward":"The public: held in common by its speakers; Ukrainian state language bodies maintain the standard.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q144713","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"East Slavic","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"Ukrainians","type":"related","note":"the people"},{"target":"Slavs","type":"related","note":"the wider Slavic peoples"},{"target":"multilingualism","type":"related","note":"bilingual contexts in Ukraine and abroad"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.ukrainian","Wikidata: Q8798 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8798)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["East Slavic language of Ukraine","Cyrillic with distinctive letters, dialect groups","Russian and Belarusian are related East Slavic languages; Rusyn is a closely related variety with contested status","Not physical; a language written in Cyrillic."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain features and dialects","support learners","describe status neutrally","support linguistic questions"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Politicised presentation of language status","Confusing Ukrainian with Russian","Taking sides on contested regional questions"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Ukrainian orthography and language laws","Minority language protections in neighbouring countries","Academic standards in Slavic linguistics"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The Ukrainian language.","standard Ukrainian","northern, south-western and south-eastern dialect groups","Transcarpathian dialects","Ukrainian in the diaspora","Ukrainian in historical and contested contexts"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q8798: Ukrainian","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8798","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Ukrainian language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should dialect groups be separate entries?","How should language policy sources be attributed?","How should learner resources be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q8798/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q8798/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T06:07:39Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}