{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.formylation-reaction","code":"thing-q903828","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q903828/","name":"formylation reaction","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.PRC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A formylation reaction introduces a formyl group, -C(=O)H, into a substrate, producing an aldehyde when attached to carbon, a formamide when attached to nitrogen, or a formate ester when attached to oxygen.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise a formylation reaction, assess evidence for its outcome, and judge whether a proposed transformation is suitable for a specified substrate and target.","scope":{"in":["The substrate-to-product change that introduces a formyl group and the atom to which it attaches","Distinctions among carbon formylation, heteroatom formylation, and neighbouring transformations","Formyl-source identity, activation strategy, and reaction conditions","Site selectivity, competing transformations, and functional-group compatibility","Evidence for product identity, reaction performance, and practical feasibility"],"out":["Complete substance models for substrates, reagents, catalysts, solvents, and products","General aldehyde chemistry beyond the formylation transformation","Complete mechanisms and operating rules for every named reaction that can accomplish formylation","Downstream transformations of the formylated product","Facility-wide equipment, waste-management, and occupational-safety systems"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["An atom-mapped comparison must identify the newly attached -C(=O)H unit and its attachment atom, rather than infer formylation from an aldehyde-containing product alone.","Carbon formylation and nitrogen or oxygen formylation must be distinguished by the bond formed and resulting functional-group class.","Oxidation of an existing primary alcohol to an aldehyde does not by itself demonstrate introduction of a formyl group.","Acetylation and other acylations are distinguished by the substituent on the introduced carbonyl carbon: the formyl group bears hydrogen.","The model must record whether hydroformylation and transformations through masked formyl intermediates are included under the source's usage or linked as neighbouring processes."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"formylation-identity-and-boundaries","name":"Formylation identity and boundaries","description":"Establishes what chemical change the record calls formylation and where that usage stops.","layers":[{"id":"formyl-group-attachment","name":"Formyl-group attachment","description":"Locates the introduced group and distinguishes its attachment chemistry.","findings":[{"id":"attachment-and-atom-mapping","name":"Attachment and atom mapping","description":"Record the proposed -C(=O)H unit, attachment atom, and supporting substrate-to-product mapping.","questions":[{"text":"Which product carbon constitutes the formyl carbon, and to which substrate atom is it newly bonded?","id":"attachment-and-atom-mapping-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Does atom mapping support introduction of a formyl unit, or only conversion of an existing carbon-containing group into an aldehyde?","id":"attachment-and-atom-mapping-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"reaction-family-membership","name":"Reaction-family membership","description":"Preserves explicit decisions about broad and narrow uses of formylation.","findings":[{"id":"included-and-adjacent-transformations","name":"Included and adjacent transformations","description":"Record the source's classification and distinguish direct formyl introduction from adjacent or multistep transformations.","questions":[{"text":"Does the source include heteroatom formylation, hydroformylation, or both within its use of formylation?","id":"included-and-adjacent-transformations-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"If the route first installs a masked formyl group, does this record cover installation, unmasking, or the complete sequence?","id":"included-and-adjacent-transformations-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"formyl-source-and-route-fit","name":"Formyl source and route fit","description":"Connects the introduced group to its inputs and evaluates the route against the actual substrate.","layers":[{"id":"formyl-source-and-activation","name":"Formyl source and activation","description":"Identifies the carbon-bearing input and the conditions that make formyl transfer or incorporation possible.","findings":[{"id":"source-role-and-evidence","name":"Source role and evidence","description":"Separate reagent identity, assigned chemical role, and evidence for the origin of the incorporated carbon.","questions":[{"text":"Which input is assigned as the formyl-carbon source, and is that assignment inferred, reported, or supported by tracing evidence?","id":"source-role-and-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which catalyst, activator, or reaction environment is reported as necessary for this source to accomplish the transformation?","id":"source-role-and-evidence-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"substrate-compatibility","name":"Substrate compatibility","description":"Tests whether the chosen strategy is supported for the substrate's reactive sites and functional groups.","findings":[{"id":"demonstrated-route-fit","name":"Demonstrated route fit","description":"Record relevant precedents, interfering functionality, and the limits of extrapolation.","questions":[{"text":"Which reported substrates support this strategy for the intended attachment atom and local electronic or steric environment?","id":"demonstrated-route-fit-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which substrate groups could consume the formylating system, compete for formylation, or fail under the reported conditions?","id":"demonstrated-route-fit-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"selectivity-and-product-evidence","name":"Selectivity and product evidence","description":"Determines what was formed, where formylation occurred, and how confidently performance is known.","layers":[{"id":"site-and-functional-group-selectivity","name":"Site and functional-group selectivity","description":"Tracks desired formylation against alternative attachment sites and competing reactions.","findings":[{"id":"competing-product-distribution","name":"Competing product distribution","description":"Record positional isomers, alternative attachment atoms, and multiple formylation where relevant.","questions":[{"text":"Which alternative carbon or heteroatom sites could be formylated, and which products were actually detected?","id":"competing-product-distribution-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What measured distribution distinguishes the desired product from other regioisomers, multiply formylated products, and non-formylation products?","id":"competing-product-distribution-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"structure-and-yield-verification","name":"Structure and yield verification","description":"Separates structural identification from quantitative reaction-performance claims.","findings":[{"id":"verified-formylated-product","name":"Verified formylated product","description":"Link the assigned product structure and reported amount to methods capable of supporting those claims.","questions":[{"text":"Which analytical observations establish the formyl functionality and its attachment position rather than merely a compatible molecular mass?","id":"verified-formylated-product-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Are conversion, assay yield, isolated yield, and purity reported separately with their methods and calculation bases?","id":"verified-formylated-product-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"execution-and-product-recovery","name":"Execution and product recovery","description":"Captures the conditions, workup, and practical constraints needed to assess a particular formylation instance.","layers":[{"id":"operating-envelope","name":"Operating envelope","description":"Records the demonstrated reaction conditions and the evidence needed before changing them.","findings":[{"id":"condition-and-scale-readiness","name":"Condition and scale readiness","description":"Associate the formylating system with its documented operating limits and unresolved handling constraints.","questions":[{"text":"What temperature, pressure, atmosphere, concentration, addition sequence, and duration produced the reported outcome at the stated scale?","id":"condition-and-scale-readiness-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence is needed to assess heat release, gas involvement, reactive intermediates, and quench behaviour before adopting or scaling this particular system?","id":"condition-and-scale-readiness-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"workup-and-formyl-product-persistence","name":"Workup and formyl-product persistence","description":"Distinguishes formation during reaction from release, survival, and recovery during workup.","findings":[{"id":"product-release-and-recovery","name":"Product release and recovery","description":"Record whether workup generates the observable formyl product and whether subsequent handling changes or loses it.","questions":[{"text":"Is the assigned formylated product present before workup, or is hydrolysis or another conversion required to release it?","id":"product-release-and-recovery-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What evidence shows that isolation and storage preserve the intended formyl functionality and product composition?","id":"product-release-and-recovery-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of formylation reaction this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of formylation reaction this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of formylation reaction this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of formylation reaction this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of formylation reaction this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain formylation and its uses in synthesis from published sources.","Summarize literature for researchers in authorized laboratories."],"mustNot":["Help make controlled drugs, chemical weapons or other harmful substances.","Misreport yields or conditions from studies.","Advise running reactions with toxic or corrosive reagents outside a properly equipped laboratory."],"requiresHuman":["Scaling a reaction beyond laboratory quantities."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Common synthesis steps can be misused for illicit production.","Workers need honest hazard information about reagents."],"affectedParties":["Laboratory workers","Researchers","The public"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the concept; laboratories answer for their own work.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q36534","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.formylation-reaction","Wikidata: Q903828 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903828)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Formyl attachment atom: carbon | nitrogen | oxygen | other specified atom | unresolved","Net bond changes: Atom-mapped substrate-to-product bonds formed, broken, and changed","Formyl-carbon source: Identified reagent or feedstock linked to the incorporated carbon; evidence status recorded","Formylation strategy: Source-assigned reaction family with activation mode and boundary notes","Reaction conditions: Temperature in °C or K; duration in min or h; pressure with absolute or gauge basis; concentration in mol/L; reagent amounts in equivalents","Formylation-site distribution: Product fractions or regioisomer ratio, with analytical method and denominator","Reaction performance: Conversion, assay yield, isolated yield, and selectivity in %, each with its own basis","Outcome evidence state: proposed | attempted | product detected | structure supported | isolated and characterised | independently reproduced"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classify a reported transformation by formyl attachment atom and net bond changes.","Compare candidate formylation strategies against substrate functionality and desired attachment site.","Identify missing evidence for formyl incorporation, positional assignment, or reported yield.","Separate demonstrated substrate scope from extrapolated compatibility.","Flag condition, handling, or scale uncertainties that require review before execution."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Some reagents used are toxic, corrosive or release harmful gases."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Formylation reactions are used in synthetic chemistry to introduce a formyl group into a substrate.","They support the preparation of aldehydes, formamides and formate esters according to the atom receiving the group.","Researchers assess substrate compatibility, selectivity and product identity when evaluating a proposed transformation."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q903828: formylation reaction","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903828","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Formylation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formylation","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does this registry entry intend a broad formyl-group introduction concept, or specifically carbon formylation yielding aldehydes?","Should hydroformylation be included as a subtype or linked to an independently registered neighbouring process?","Where should the model place the boundary for routes that install a masked formyl equivalent and reveal it in a separate step?","Which authoritative sources and substrate-specific studies should establish the reaction-family vocabulary and compatibility claims?","Does an existing Vercy world model already own this transformation concept, requiring a registry link instead of a separate publication?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q903828/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q903828/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T09:50:44Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"not-applicable","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"not-applicable","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:33+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.","interaction.interfaces":"No universal standard or regulation applies specifically to formylation as a reaction class, while requirements for particular reagents and laboratory activities depend on the setting.","interaction.recognition":"Formylation cannot be established from visible reaction changes and requires analytical evidence that a formyl group was introduced."},"score":1.0}}