{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.gold-monosulfide","code":"thing-q905673","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q905673/","name":"gold monosulfide","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Gold monosulfide is an ambiguous name used for both Au2S and gas-phase AuS; its intended chemical identity must be resolved from the formula, physical form and supporting evidence, and the name alone does not establish a stable bulk material.","purpose":"Enable an agent to resolve the chemical identity intended by gold monosulfide, assess evidence for a specimen or observation, and determine which characterization and handling decisions are justified.","scope":{"in":["Resolution of the registry name against molecular formula, charge, physical form and authoritative identifiers","Gold-to-sulfur ratio, chemical purity and distinction between a compound and a mixture","Molecular or condensed-phase characterization with measurement conditions","Formation, persistence and transformation of the identified gold-sulfur species","Evidence supporting handling, storage and intended experimental use"],"out":["Gold sulfides with a different resolved chemical identity","Elemental gold and sulfur as independently modeled substances","Gold-thiolate complexes and sulfur-bearing organic coatings on gold","Products, ores and composites that merely contain gold and sulfur","Synthesis equipment and complete laboratory operating procedures"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Resolve the name before assigning a formula: PubChem indexes gold monosulfide as Au2S, while a spectroscopy paper uses it for gas-phase AuS. [PubChem record](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Gold-monosulfide), [primary spectroscopy paper](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08781).","Require evidence distinguishing an Au:S atomic ratio of 1:1 from 2:1 and from a mixture whose average composition happens to match either ratio.","Distinguish a neutral AuS molecule from charged Au-S species using charge-sensitive evidence.","Distinguish an isolated molecular observation from an identified condensed phase before transferring physical properties.","Require evidence of the assigned gold-sulfur species rather than accepting gold with adsorbed sulfur, organic sulfur ligands or unreacted sulfur."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"gold-monosulfide-identity","name":"Gold monosulfide identity","description":"Resolve the chemical referent behind the registry label before attaching substance properties.","layers":[{"id":"name-and-formula","name":"Name and formula","description":"Establish what the registry source intended by gold monosulfide.","findings":[{"id":"intended-chemical-referent","name":"Intended chemical referent","description":"Record a supported formula and charge, preserving ambiguity until the originating record is checked.","questions":[{"text":"Does the originating registry record intend neutral AuS, Au2S or an unresolved historical name?","id":"intended-chemical-referent-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which originating identifier or reference establishes that intended formula and charge?","id":"intended-chemical-referent-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"identifier-and-model-boundaries","name":"Identifier and model boundaries","description":"Reconcile external chemical records and existing catalogue coverage.","findings":[{"id":"verified-identity-links","name":"Verified identity links","description":"Treat database identifiers and model equivalence as claims requiring formula-level agreement.","questions":[{"text":"Which CAS, PubChem and EC records agree with the resolved formula, charge and physical interpretation?","id":"verified-identity-links-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does an existing gold sulfide world model already cover this exact referent, requiring a link instead of another publication?","id":"verified-identity-links-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"composition-and-specimen","name":"Composition and specimen","description":"Determine what a labeled specimen or observed population actually contains.","layers":[{"id":"stoichiometry-and-compound-evidence","name":"Stoichiometry and compound evidence","description":"Connect elemental proportions to evidence for a discrete species or phase.","findings":[{"id":"gold-sulfur-ratio","name":"Gold-sulfur ratio","description":"Separate measured elemental composition from an inferred chemical formula.","questions":[{"text":"What Au:S atomic ratio was measured, with what uncertainty and sampling method?","id":"gold-sulfur-ratio-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence excludes elemental gold plus sulfur or multiple gold sulfides as the explanation for that ratio?","id":"gold-sulfur-ratio-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"purity-and-associated-material","name":"Purity and associated material","description":"Record impurities, hosts and surface species that affect interpretation.","findings":[{"id":"specimen-purity-basis","name":"Specimen purity basis","description":"Define purity in terms appropriate to the resolved gold-sulfur species.","questions":[{"text":"Does the reported purity measure gold content, target-compound fraction, phase fraction or molecular population?","id":"specimen-purity-basis-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which unreacted precursors, sulfur ligands, host materials or other gold species accompany the target?","id":"specimen-purity-basis-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"physical-realization-and-identification","name":"Physical realization and identification","description":"Separate molecular observations from condensed specimens and choose evidence accordingly.","layers":[{"id":"molecular-species-assignment","name":"Molecular species assignment","description":"Evaluate evidence if the intended referent is AuS as an individual molecule.","findings":[{"id":"molecular-signature","name":"Molecular signature","description":"Tie a proposed AuS assignment to measured signals and explicit state assignments.","questions":[{"text":"Which spectral features, isotopic shifts or mass-resolved signals support AuS rather than another gold-sulfur species?","id":"molecular-signature-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How were charge, electronic state and vibrational or rotational assignments established?","id":"molecular-signature-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"condensed-form-assignment","name":"Condensed form assignment","description":"Evaluate evidence when the label is applied to a solid, film or particulate specimen.","findings":[{"id":"phase-and-property-applicability","name":"Phase and property applicability","description":"Require phase evidence before treating a labeled specimen as a characterized bulk gold sulfide.","questions":[{"text":"Which diffraction or complementary measurements establish the specimen's phases and degree of order?","id":"phase-and-property-applicability-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Are reported density and thermal-transition values measurements of this identified phase, and do they distinguish melting from decomposition?","id":"phase-and-property-applicability-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"formation-and-persistence","name":"Formation and persistence","description":"Record how the identified species appears, survives and changes under stated conditions.","layers":[{"id":"generation-context","name":"Generation context","description":"Capture preparation provenance insofar as it supports species identity.","findings":[{"id":"formation-and-observation-link","name":"Formation and observation link","description":"Connect the gold-sulfur assignment to its preparation and observation interval.","questions":[{"text":"Which precursors and generation conditions produced the specimen or molecular signal?","id":"formation-and-observation-link-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Was the target identified during generation, after isolation or after transfer, and at what temperature and pressure?","id":"formation-and-observation-link-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"transformation-boundaries","name":"Transformation boundaries","description":"Track loss or alteration of the assigned species without presuming specific reaction products.","findings":[{"id":"persistence-and-products","name":"Persistence and products","description":"Record observed changes and the evidence identifying their products.","questions":[{"text":"How does the target signal or phase fraction change with time, temperature, atmosphere or illumination?","id":"persistence-and-products-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which transformation products were identified, and what evidence distinguishes chemical conversion from measurement-induced signal loss?","id":"persistence-and-products-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which demonstrated conditions preserve the required identity until the intended measurement?","id":"persistence-and-products-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"handling-and-use-evidence","name":"Handling and use evidence","description":"Connect proposed actions to the resolved identity, actual specimen and documented constraints.","layers":[{"id":"hazard-record-fit","name":"Hazard record fit","description":"Assess whether safety and regulatory information applies to this gold-sulfur material.","findings":[{"id":"applicable-hazard-evidence","name":"Applicable hazard evidence","description":"Preserve the distinction between missing hazard data and an established classification.","questions":[{"text":"Which current safety records match the resolved formula, physical form and impurity profile?","id":"applicable-hazard-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What GHS classification or exposure limit is explicitly documented for that identity and jurisdiction, and what remains unassessed?","id":"applicable-hazard-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"experimental-fitness","name":"Experimental fitness","description":"Determine whether available identity and stability evidence supports a proposed use.","findings":[{"id":"action-readiness","name":"Action readiness","description":"Make characterization, transfer and retention decisions conditional on the actual gold-sulfur specimen.","questions":[{"text":"What identity confidence, purity and persistence does the proposed experiment require?","id":"action-readiness-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which additional characterization or handling evidence is needed before this specimen can meet those requirements?","id":"action-readiness-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of gold monosulfide this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of gold monosulfide this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of gold monosulfide this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report what the literature says about gold monosulfide, including uncertainty over a stable bulk form.","Identify a sample only from analytical data and its documentation."],"mustNot":["Present gold monosulfide as an established bulk material without evidence.","Use it in claims about gold content to mislead buyers or investors.","Handle samples outside a controlled laboratory."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing new claims of a bulk gold sulfide phase."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Gold compounds attract fraud; overstated claims can mislead investors.","Scientific honesty about unstable species protects the record."],"affectedParties":["Researchers","Investors and buyers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The laboratory or organization that holds the material.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11173","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.gold-monosulfide","Wikidata: Q905673 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905673)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolved chemical identity: AuS molecular species; Au2S substance identity; unresolved name usage","Gold-to-sulfur atomic ratio: mol Au/mol S, with uncertainty and sampling basis","Charge and electronic-state assignment: Net charge in elementary-charge units; electronic-state designation or unassigned","Physical realization: Gas-phase molecule; isolated species in a host; condensed specimen; unresolved","Observation conditions: Temperature in K; pressure in Pa; elapsed time in s; atmosphere composition","Identity evidence: Links to spectra, composition measurements, phase analyses and their assignments","Purity and competing species: Mass fraction, mole fraction or phase fraction with method and detection limits","Applicable physical constants: Spectral constants in cm^-1; bond length in Å; density in kg/m^3; transition temperature in K, only where applicable","Identifier and hazard-record applicability: Verified CAS, PubChem, EC or other record linked to formula, form, jurisdiction and revision"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identity can only be settled by analytical data, not appearance.","A label claiming this formula needs supporting analysis."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Reconcile a gold monosulfide label with formula, charge, physical form and supporting records.","Compare a measured spectrum or phase analysis with evidence for the resolved species.","Assess whether composition and impurity measurements support a claimed sample identity.","Track changes in the assigned gold-sulfur species as conditions or elapsed time change.","Determine whether an intended characterization or handling action has sufficient evidence.","Link the entry to an existing model if identity resolution establishes that it represents the same substance."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Uncertain composition leads to false conclusions.","Unverified gold claims enable fraud."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Gold monosulfide is encountered in research descriptions of gold-sulfur species and in chemical identity records using the formula AuS.","The name supports discussion of composition, but interpreting an observation requires evidence about charge, phase and experimental conditions.","It does not by itself establish that a sample is a stable bulk compound or justify assigning bulk material properties."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q905673: gold monosulfide","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905673","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Gold(I) sulfide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold%28I%29_sulfide","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the originating registry identifier resolve gold monosulfide to AuS or to the Au2S usage, and does another world model already own that identity?","Which CAS, PubChem and EC identifiers refer consistently to the resolved species rather than merely sharing its name?","What physical realizations are experimentally established for the intended species, and which reported constants actually apply to them?","What purity, stability and transformation evidence supports retaining or transferring an identified specimen?","Which substance-specific hazard classifications, exposure limits and handling constraints are documented, and where is evidence absent?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q905673/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q905673/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T10:02:36Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"not-applicable","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"interaction.interfaces":"No substance-specific standard or official classification can be confidently assigned to AuS without resolving the intended species and material form."},"score":1.0}}