{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.hippomobile","code":"thing-q906560","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q906560/","name":"Hippomobile","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The Hippomobile was an experimental road vehicle built by Étienne Lenoir in 1863 to demonstrate propulsion using his early internal-combustion engine.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify the Hippomobile, assess evidence about its construction and operation, and decide which interpretation, conservation or demonstration actions are justified.","scope":{"in":["Identification of Lenoir's named Hippomobile and its documented configurations","Integration of combustion engine, fuel supply and road carriage","Steering, transmission, braking and load arrangements evidenced for the vehicle","Evidence supporting reported journeys and performance","Authenticity, condition and permissible use of attributed surviving material or replicas"],"out":["Horse-drawn vehicles generally, described in French as hippomobile","Lenoir engines considered independently of installation in this vehicle","The complete biography and inventions of Étienne Lenoir","Internal-combustion automobiles as a general vehicle class","Hydrogen production and fuel infrastructure beyond the vehicle interface","Independent catalogue identities for replicas or museum collections"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Requires evidence linking the object or design to Lenoir's named Hippomobile; the word hippomobile alone can also describe horse-drawn transport.","An onboard combustion engine supplies propulsion, distinguishing the intended referent from a horse-drawn carriage.","Identification concerns an integrated road vehicle, rather than a stationary Lenoir engine displayed separately.","Historical attribution must distinguish the intended vehicle from other Lenoir experiments and later reconstructions.","A hydrogen label alone is insufficient for identification: fuel claims must be tied to a documented vehicle configuration."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identity-and-attribution","name":"Identity and attribution","description":"Establish what the registry name denotes and which representations belong to it.","layers":[{"id":"registry-referent","name":"Registry referent","description":"Resolve the name before applying vehicle-specific assumptions.","findings":[{"id":"lenoir-identification","name":"Lenoir identification","description":"The working interpretation is Lenoir's Hippomobile associated with 1863, supported by a heritage programme describing that vehicle; this does not independently resolve the registry mapping. [Heritage programme](https://journeesdupatrimoine.lu/submission/etienne-lenoir-le-premier-moteur-reprend-vie-au-musee-de-lardoise/)","questions":[{"text":"Which registry identifier, import record or linked authority confirms that Hippomobile means Lenoir's vehicle?","id":"lenoir-identification-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What evidence excludes the generic horse-drawn-vehicle meaning?","id":"lenoir-identification-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"historical-representations","name":"Historical representations","description":"Separate original design evidence from later objects and illustrations.","findings":[{"id":"configuration-lineage","name":"Configuration lineage","description":"Record the date, attribution and evidential role of each depiction, component or reconstruction without assuming all show one unchanged vehicle.","questions":[{"text":"Which dated source connects this representation to the named Hippomobile?","id":"configuration-lineage-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does it depict an original configuration, another Lenoir experiment or a later reconstruction?","id":"configuration-lineage-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"combustion-and-mobile-fuel","name":"Combustion and mobile fuel","description":"Describe how the attributed installation supplied and converted fuel while travelling.","layers":[{"id":"fuel-supply-evidence","name":"Fuel supply evidence","description":"Keep fuel identity separate from preparation and storage claims.","findings":[{"id":"fuel-configuration","name":"Fuel configuration","description":"Require configuration-specific evidence for fuel composition, containment and mixture preparation; leave competing accounts unresolved until checked.","questions":[{"text":"What fuel does the earliest reliable account explicitly identify for this configuration?","id":"fuel-configuration-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How was that fuel carried, generated or prepared aboard the vehicle?","id":"fuel-configuration-q02","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Do hydrogen, illuminating-gas and liquid-fuel descriptions refer to the same experiment?","id":"fuel-configuration-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"installed-combustion-mechanism","name":"Installed combustion mechanism","description":"Establish the actual engine arrangement rather than inheriting every feature of the Lenoir engine family.","findings":[{"id":"engine-cycle-and-support","name":"Engine cycle and support","description":"Capture evidenced ignition, gas exchange, compression, cooling and lubrication arrangements at the installed-engine boundary.","questions":[{"text":"Which drawing or inspected component establishes the installed engine's cycle and ignition arrangement?","id":"engine-cycle-and-support-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What cooling and lubrication provisions supported operation away from a stationary installation?","id":"engine-cycle-and-support-q02","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which bore, stroke, displacement or output measurements are supported, and under what conditions?","id":"engine-cycle-and-support-q03","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"carriage-and-propulsion-integration","name":"Carriage and propulsion integration","description":"Model how the carriage carried the machinery and translated engine motion into controlled travel.","layers":[{"id":"frame-and-running-gear","name":"Frame and running gear","description":"Establish the physical layout from evidence tied to a specific representation.","findings":[{"id":"supported-layout","name":"Supported layout","description":"Record wheel arrangement, frame geometry, engine position and accommodation with explicit distinctions between measured, depicted and inferred details.","questions":[{"text":"Which evidence establishes wheel count, wheel placement and engine position for the intended vehicle?","id":"supported-layout-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What are the supported wheelbase, track, overall dimensions and loaded mass?","id":"supported-layout-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"drive-and-control-paths","name":"Drive and control paths","description":"Follow mechanical power and operator inputs through the integrated carriage.","findings":[{"id":"propulsion-steering-and-stopping","name":"Propulsion, steering and stopping","description":"Identify transmission, steering and stopping mechanisms only where evidence supports them; do not assume modern pedals, clutch or brakes.","questions":[{"text":"Through which evidenced components did engine motion reach the driven wheels?","id":"propulsion-steering-and-stopping-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How did the operator steer, regulate propulsion and bring the vehicle to rest?","id":"propulsion-steering-and-stopping-q02","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which controls on a reconstruction are modern additions?","id":"propulsion-steering-and-stopping-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"journeys-and-performance-evidence","name":"Journeys and performance evidence","description":"Evaluate accounts of travel without converting disputed figures into design specifications.","layers":[{"id":"journey-reconstruction","name":"Journey reconstruction","description":"Tie each reported trip to its own account and configuration.","findings":[{"id":"route-and-observation","name":"Route and observation","description":"Treat the reported Paris-Joinville-le-Pont journey as a research target requiring checked endpoints, date, direction and observational basis.","questions":[{"text":"Which earliest accessible account records the journey, and was its author a witness?","id":"route-and-observation-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does its distance describe one leg, a return trip or another route?","id":"route-and-observation-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which vehicle configuration and passenger load does the account describe?","id":"route-and-observation-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"performance-interpretation","name":"Performance interpretation","description":"Separate observations, calculations and later retellings.","findings":[{"id":"qualified-performance","name":"Qualified performance","description":"Attach distance, duration, speed and endurance claims to their measurement basis rather than assigning unsupported typical capacities.","questions":[{"text":"Does reported duration include stops, repairs, replenishment or demonstrations?","id":"qualified-performance-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is a quoted speed observed, calculated from elapsed time or asserted by a later source?","id":"qualified-performance-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What operational conclusion is justified by this trip, and what remains untested?","id":"qualified-performance-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"material-evidence-and-permitted-use","name":"Material evidence and permitted use","description":"Connect authenticity and assessed condition to handling or demonstration of an attributed object.","layers":[{"id":"survival-and-reconstruction","name":"Survival and reconstruction","description":"Establish whether physical evidence survives and what later work has changed.","findings":[{"id":"authenticity-and-substitutions","name":"Authenticity and substitutions","description":"Require provenance for claimed original material and identify reconstruction choices affecting fuel delivery, ignition, drivetrain or carriage form.","questions":[{"text":"Does an original vehicle or attributable component survive, and what custody record supports that attribution?","id":"authenticity-and-substitutions-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which reconstructed features follow direct evidence and which are interpretive substitutions?","id":"authenticity-and-substitutions-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"display-and-demonstration","name":"Display and demonstration","description":"Determine permissible actions for the particular physical object under assessment.","findings":[{"id":"movement-readiness","name":"Movement readiness","description":"Assess carriage integrity, propulsion isolation and any installed fuel and ignition system before assigning a movement state; a historical account does not establish present readiness.","questions":[{"text":"What inspection supports static display, unpowered movement or powered demonstration of this object?","id":"movement-readiness-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which observed defects in the frame, wheels, drive, fuel containment or stopping mechanism restrict movement?","id":"movement-readiness-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What custodian-approved procedures and applicable venue requirements govern the proposed demonstration?","id":"movement-readiness-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Hippomobile this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Hippomobile this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Hippomobile this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Hippomobile this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the vehicle's role in early internal combustion history.","Support museums in documenting reconstructions or surviving parts."],"mustNot":["Present contested claims about its first journey as settled fact.","Run a reconstruction without fire safety and qualified supervision.","Damage or alter heritage objects without the custodian's approval."],"requiresHuman":["Any demonstration run of a reconstruction."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Credit for invention is often disputed; fair history names the evidence."],"affectedParties":["Historians","Museum visitors"]},"owners":{"steward":"The museum that holds any reconstruction; nobody owns the history.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1420","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.hippomobile","Wikidata: Q906560 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906560)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Referent confidence: provisional Lenoir identification | confirmed Lenoir identification | conflicting referent","Representation status: historical design | attributed original vehicle | attributed component | reconstruction | scale model | depiction","Configuration attribution: relationship to dated drawing, account, patent, inventory or inspected artifact","Fuel and mixture preparation: source-stated fuel, onboard preparation method and confidence; unresolved permitted","Installed engine arrangement: documented cylinder arrangement, ignition method and compression regime; unknown permitted","Running gear arrangement: wheel count, steered wheels, driven wheels and transmission path, each evidence-qualified","Vehicle dimensions and mass: length, width, height and wheelbase in m; mass in kg; configuration and measurement basis required","Reported journey performance: distance in km; elapsed and moving time in h; speed in km/h; route and evidence required","Permitted movement state: unassessed | static display | supported rolling | unpowered movement | authorized powered demonstration"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A light three-wheeled carriage frame carrying an early single-cylinder engine.","No bodywork in the modern sense, with exposed engine and running gear."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Compare an attributed vehicle, drawing or replica with documented Hippomobile configurations.","Trace a fuel, construction or performance claim to the evidence supporting that specific claim.","Explain the evidenced path from onboard fuel to wheel propulsion while marking unknown mechanisms.","Reconcile journey accounts using explicit distance and timing conventions.","Identify reconstruction substitutions that affect historical interpretation or operation.","Determine whether inspection, display, transport or demonstration is supported by the artifact's assessed state."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Early engines are prone to fire and fuel leaks.","Historical accounts of its performance are thin and often repeated uncritically."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The Hippomobile is encountered in histories of early automobiles and internal-combustion propulsion as an experimental road vehicle built in 1863.","Historical records, museum interpretation and reconstructions use it to explain the transition from stationary engines to powered road transport.","Assessment of a claimed original component or reconstruction depends on provenance and evidence about the historical design."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q906560: Hippomobile","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906560","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Hippomobile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippomobile","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry's originating authority confirm Lenoir's named Hippomobile rather than horse-drawn transport generally?","Which contemporary sources establish the vehicle's date, configuration and relationship to other Lenoir road experiments?","What fuel and onboard preparation system were actually used in each documented configuration, and why do later accounts disagree?","What primary evidence settles wheel arrangement, transmission, steering, stopping mechanisms and reported journey measurements?","Does any original vehicle material survive, and which displayed examples are reconstructions with documented substitutions?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q906560/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q906560/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T10:16:42Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"not-applicable","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:33+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.interfaces":"No vehicle-specific standard or regulation can be assigned to this historical prototype without a present-day jurisdiction and intended activity."},"score":1.0}}