{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.withanolides","code":"thing-q907017","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q907017/","name":"withanolides","alternateNames":["5,6b-Epoxy-4b,16b,20R-trihydroxy-1-oxo-5b,22R,24R,25R-with-2-enolide","1-[1-(3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-yl)-1,2-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]-3a,7-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1H,2H,3H,5aH,6H,7H,8H,9H,9bH,10H,11H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-5-one","17-[1-(3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-yl)-1,2-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one","Withanolide G","[(1S,2R,7S,9S,11S,12S,15S,16S)-15-[(1R)-1-[(2R)-4,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]-6-hydroxy-2,16-dimethyl-3-oxo-8-oxapentacyclo[9.7.0.02,7.07,9.012,16]octadec-4-en-10-yl] acetate","Withanolide 2","2-[1-[1-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one","withaphysalin F","2,3-Dihydrowithanolide E","jaborosalactone L","2-[1-Hydroxy-1-(4,5,17-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,6,7,9,11,12,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one","(2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-1-[(5S,6S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14R,17S)-5,6,14,17-tetrahydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16-octahydro-4H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.5","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A group of naturally occurring C28 steroidal lactones built on an ergostane skeleton, found mainly in plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), especially Withania somnifera (ashwagandha); withaferin A is a well-studied example.","purpose":"Let an agent describe withanolides chemically and their sources, summarise research status with sources, and avoid unsupported health claims.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Built on a C28 ergostane framework with a delta- or gamma-lactone or lactol side chain; glycosides and modified skeletons add or rearrange carbons.","Concentration varies with plant part, variety and processing; totals depend on which analytes and methods are used.","Human findings about ashwagandha preparations cannot be attributed to individual withanolides without compound-specific evidence."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"compound","name":"Compound","description":"Which withanolide.","layers":[{"id":"identity","name":"Identity","description":"Name and identifiers.","findings":[{"id":"compound","name":"Compound","description":"Name and IDs.","questions":[{"text":"Which withanolide is it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What are its identifiers?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Skeleton and groups.","findings":[{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Features.","questions":[{"text":"What structural features does it have?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is it a glycoside?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"sources","name":"Sources","description":"Where they occur.","layers":[{"id":"plants","name":"Plants","description":"Species and parts.","findings":[{"id":"plant-source","name":"Plant source","description":"Species and part.","questions":[{"text":"Which plant and part contain it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"In what amounts?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"products","name":"Products","description":"Supplements.","findings":[{"id":"product-content","name":"Product content","description":"Declared content.","questions":[{"text":"How much does the product declare?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Was it verified by analysis?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence","name":"Evidence","description":"Biological activity.","layers":[{"id":"laboratory","name":"Laboratory","description":"In vitro and animal studies.","findings":[{"id":"preclinical-finding","name":"Preclinical finding","description":"Study and result.","questions":[{"text":"What do laboratory studies show?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do they apply to humans?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"clinical","name":"Clinical","description":"Human studies.","findings":[{"id":"clinical-finding","name":"Clinical finding","description":"Trial and result.","questions":[{"text":"What do human trials show?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How strong is the evidence?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"safety-and-regulation","name":"Safety and regulation","description":"Risks and rules.","layers":[{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Adverse effects.","findings":[{"id":"adverse-effect","name":"Adverse effect","description":"Report and source.","questions":[{"text":"Which adverse effects are reported?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"By which agency?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"regulation","name":"Regulation","description":"Rules.","findings":[{"id":"regulation","name":"Regulation","description":"Status.","questions":[{"text":"How are products regulated here?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are there restrictions?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["describe chemistry and summarise evidence with sources"],"mustNot":["recommend supplements or doses","make health claims beyond evidence"],"requiresHuman":["use of supplements with medical conditions or medicines, which needs a clinician"]},"ethics":{"considerations":["consumer safety","honest communication of evidence"],"affectedParties":["consumers"]},"owners":{"steward":"nobody; a class of natural compounds","roles":[],"masterSystems":["PubChem","ChEBI"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q108654505","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"steroid lactone","type":"related","note":"chemistry"},{"target":"Withania somnifera","type":"related","note":"plant source"},{"target":"Solanaceae","type":"related","note":"plant family"},{"target":"marker compound","type":"related","note":"supplement standardisation"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.withanolides","Wikidata: Q907017 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907017)","ChEBI: CHEBI:74716 withanolide class","PubChem CID: per compound"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not visible in plants; identified by chromatography and spectroscopy","Pure compounds are usually white to off-white solids."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["describe structure and sources","give identifiers of specific withanolides","summarise research evidence with its limits","explain regulation of supplements"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Liver injury and interactions reported with ashwagandha preparations (not shown for every isolated withanolide)","Unsupported health claims"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Food supplement rules, such as EU and national regulation of botanicals","Pharmacopoeia monographs, such as USP Ashwagandha Root (not a standard for isolated withanolides)"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Natural products studied for biological activity; marker compounds in ashwagandha products.","withaferins (such as withaferin A)","withanolide A and related compounds","withanosides (glycosides)","physalins (related Physalis steroids)"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Q907017","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907017","note":"identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks"},{"title":"Withanolide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withanolide","note":"general description of the subject"},{"title":"ChEBI: withanolide","url":"https://zfin.org/CHEBI%3A74716","note":"Class identifier, C28 steroid framework and substituted derivatives."},{"title":"Antiproliferative withanolides from several Solanaceous species","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4177291/","note":"Structural diversity, plant sources, compound identification and preclinical biological research."},{"title":"Physalins V-IX, 16,24-cyclo-13,14-seco withanolides from Physalis angulata and their antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-03849-9.pdf","note":"Modified withanolide skeletons, physalin classification and lactone types."},{"title":"Ashwagandha Root","url":"https://doi.usp.org/USPNF/USPNF_M2786_02_01.html","note":"Botanical monograph and separate calculation of withanolide aglycones and glycosides."},{"title":"Ashwagandha: Usefulness and Safety","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ashwagandha","note":"Limits of human evidence, variation among preparations, reported liver injury and medication interactions."}],"openQuestions":["The registry merges individual compounds named by systematic names; they should be separate entries."],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q907017/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q907017/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-10-21T20:48:55Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-21T20:50:34+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 7 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"A compound class: properties belong to each compound."},"score":1.0}}