{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.knowledge","code":"thing-q9081","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9081/","name":"knowledge","alternateNames":["discursive knowledge","inexperience","existing knowledge","maternal knowledge","democratic competence","a priori","Visual Studio .NET","political literacy","experiential knowledge","research knowledge","ecological knowledge","GeoKnowledge"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Awareness or understanding of facts, skills or objects, often characterised in philosophy as justified true belief, and in practice as information that people or systems can use reliably.","purpose":"Let an agent distinguish knowledge from belief, opinion and information, state the justification behind claims, and represent uncertainty honestly.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Requires truth and justification, unlike mere belief","Propositional, procedural and acquaintance knowledge","A priori and a posteriori knowledge","Tacit knowledge is hard to express"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"claim","name":"Claim","description":"What is known.","layers":[{"id":"content","name":"Content","description":"The claim.","findings":[{"id":"content-finding","name":"Content","description":"What is claimed to be known.","questions":[{"text":"What exactly is claimed to be known?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"In what scope does it hold?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"kind","name":"Kind","description":"That, how, acquaintance.","findings":[{"id":"kind-finding","name":"Kind","description":"Kind of knowledge.","questions":[{"text":"Is this knowing that, knowing how, or familiarity?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Can it be written down?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"justification","name":"Justification","description":"Why it is believed.","layers":[{"id":"evidence","name":"Evidence","description":"Sources and reasons.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-finding","name":"Evidence","description":"Evidence and sources.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence supports it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How strong is it?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"uncertainty","name":"Uncertainty","description":"Confidence.","findings":[{"id":"uncertainty-finding","name":"Uncertainty","description":"How certain it is.","questions":[{"text":"How certain is it, and what could overturn it?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should the uncertainty be stated?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"sharing","name":"Sharing","description":"Transfer and records.","layers":[{"id":"record","name":"Record","description":"Documentation.","findings":[{"id":"record-finding","name":"Record","description":"Where it is recorded.","questions":[{"text":"Where is this knowledge recorded?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is it up to date?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"access","name":"Access","description":"Who can use it.","findings":[{"id":"access-finding","name":"Access","description":"Access conditions.","questions":[{"text":"Who can access it, and under what terms?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Is any of it confidential or protected?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"ownership","name":"Ownership","description":"Rights and respect.","layers":[{"id":"ip","name":"Intellectual property","description":"Patents and secrets.","findings":[{"id":"ip-finding","name":"IP","description":"IP status.","questions":[{"text":"Is this knowledge protected by patent or trade secret?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Who owns it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"traditional","name":"Traditional knowledge","description":"Community rights.","findings":[{"id":"traditional-finding","name":"Traditional knowledge","description":"Community rights.","questions":[{"text":"Is it traditional knowledge of a community?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Has consent been given for its use?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Share knowledge with its sources and the confidence it holds it with.","Say plainly when it does not know or when knowledge is contested."],"mustNot":["Present guesses or generated text as established knowledge.","Claim others' knowledge or work as its own or as original.","Withhold safety-critical knowledge from those who need it.","Share knowledge that is confidential or that enables serious harm."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing knowledge whose release could put people at risk."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Who holds and controls knowledge shapes power; access should be fair.","Traditional and indigenous knowledge belongs to its communities."],"affectedParties":["Learners","Knowledge holders and authors","Communities with traditional knowledge"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns knowledge as such; authors and communities hold rights in particular works.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q104127086","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"belief","type":"related","note":"without justification"},{"target":"epistemology","type":"related","note":"philosophy"},{"target":"document and database","type":"related","note":"records"},{"target":"education","type":"related","note":"learning"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.knowledge","Wikidata: Q9081 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9081)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Claims with sources and justification","Skills shown in performance","Knowledge bases and documentation","Not visible; expressed in statements, skills, texts and systems."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["acquire and share it","justify and test it","record and organise it","lose or forget it"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting belief or guesswork as knowledge","Overconfidence","Loss of undocumented knowledge"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Intellectual property and trade secret law","Protections for traditional knowledge (Nagoya Protocol)"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Guiding action, teaching and decision-making.","propositional knowledge (knowing that)","procedural knowledge (knowing how)","tacit and explicit knowledge","a priori and empirical knowledge","local and traditional knowledge"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q9081: knowledge","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9081","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Knowledge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should kinds of knowledge be separate entries?","How should agents mark the justification behind claims?","How should traditional knowledge be respected?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q9081/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q9081/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T05:35:33Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}