{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.mass-transfer","code":"thing-q909534","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q909534/","name":"mass transfer","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"","entryKind":"","plane":"","domain":["ACT.PRC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The net movement of mass, such as a chemical species, from one location to another, driven by concentration gradients through diffusion and by bulk fluid motion through convection, central to chemical engineering operations such as distillation, absorption, extraction, drying and membrane processes, including permeation through membranes, and described by Fick s laws and mass transfer coefficients; the registry aliases stream load and bed material load name sediment transported by rivers, a related geomorphology concept of sediment transport, and appear misfiled. Analogies between heat, mass and momentum transfer are widely used.","purpose":"Let an agent explain mass transfer, relay mechanisms, laws, dimensionless numbers and applications from chemical engineering and transport phenomena sources, describe the named aliases and flag the sediment terms, and distinguish mass transfer from heat transfer, momentum transfer, chemical reaction and sediment transport.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Diffusion and convection","Gradient driven","Separation processes","Analogy with heat transfer"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What mass transfer is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is mass transfer, and how does it differ from heat transfer, momentum transfer, reaction and sediment transport?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about engineering design, biology, the environment or rivers?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"aliases","name":"Aliases","description":"Named aliases.","findings":[{"id":"aliases-finding","name":"Aliases","description":"Aliases.","questions":[{"text":"What are permeation, stream load and bed material load, and why are the load terms different?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific concept?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"theory","name":"Theory","description":"Theory.","layers":[{"id":"fick","name":"Fick","description":"Fick s laws.","findings":[{"id":"fick-finding","name":"Fick","description":"Fick.","questions":[{"text":"What do Fick s first and second laws state?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"numbers","name":"Numbers","description":"Dimensionless numbers.","findings":[{"id":"numbers-finding","name":"Numbers","description":"Numbers.","questions":[{"text":"How are Sherwood and Schmidt numbers used to estimate coefficients?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"engineering","name":"Engineering","description":"Unit operations.","layers":[{"id":"separation","name":"Separation","description":"Separation processes.","findings":[{"id":"separation-finding","name":"Separation","description":"Separation.","questions":[{"text":"How does mass transfer govern distillation, absorption and extraction?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits unit operation?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"membranes","name":"Membranes","description":"Membrane permeation.","findings":[{"id":"membranes-finding","name":"Membranes","description":"Membranes.","questions":[{"text":"How do gases and liquids permeate membranes?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits membrane technology?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Nature.","layers":[{"id":"biology","name":"Biology","description":"Biological mass transfer.","findings":[{"id":"biology-finding","name":"Biology","description":"Biology.","questions":[{"text":"How does mass transfer limit oxygen supply in tissues and bioreactors?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits bioreactor?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"rivers","name":"Rivers","description":"Sediment load.","findings":[{"id":"rivers-finding","name":"Rivers","description":"Rivers.","questions":[{"text":"What are stream load and bed material load in rivers?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits sediment transport?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["explain mechanisms and laws","relay dimensionless numbers","describe applications","flag misfiled aliases"],"mustNot":[],"requiresHuman":[]},"ethics":{"considerations":[],"affectedParties":[]},"owners":{"steward":"","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"transport phenomena","type":"related","note":"in registry terms, and process"},{"target":"Fick s laws of diffusion","type":"related"},{"target":"distillation","type":"related"},{"target":"sediment transport","type":"related","note":"misfiled aliases"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":[]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Fick s laws: 1855 year - Adolf Fick","key dimensionless numbers: Sherwood, Schmidt, Peclet list","Chilton-Colburn analogy: 1934 year"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Movement of chemical species","Stream load, permeation, bed material load, diffusion","Heat transfer moves energy; momentum transfer governs flow; reactions change species; sediment transport moves particles in rivers","Not a physical object; seen in dissolving, evaporating, separating and permeating substances."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain mechanisms and laws","relay dimensionless numbers","describe applications","flag misfiled aliases"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Undersized separation equipment","Confusing sediment load terms","Ignoring coupled heat effects"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["No direct regulation; process safety and design codes apply to equipment"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Understanding and designing movement of substances.","molecular diffusion","convective mass transfer","interphase mass transfer","membrane permeation","mass transfer with reaction"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["The registry aliases stream load and bed material load should be moved to sediment transport","Should permeation be a separate entry?","How should transport phenomena references be linked?","Which entry fits the specific concept?","Which entry fits unit operation?","Which entry fits membrane technology?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q909534/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q909534/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T23:07:57Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"derived","ethics":"missing","owners":"missing","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"missing","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"agentConduct":"Affordances listed as what may be done; prohibitions collected from the text.","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.","sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.719}}