{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.atom","code":"thing-q9121","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9121/","name":"atom","alternateNames":["central atom","exotic atom","muonic atom","protonium","heteroatom","lithium atom","antihydrogen","Rydberg atom","hydrogen-like atom","rutherfordium atom","electronegative atom","electropositive atom"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus containing protons and, except in hydrogen-1, neutrons, surrounded by electrons, with the number of protons defining the element and the electron configuration determining chemical behaviour; exotic variants include muonic atoms in which a muon replaces an electron, but protonium is not an atom of a chemical element; atoms combine into molecules and are described by quantum mechanics.","purpose":"Let an agent explain atomic structure and models, describe how atoms determine chemistry, explain exotic atoms and atomic-scale measurement, and support learning across levels.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Nucleus and electrons","Element identity","Quantum behaviour","Building block of matter"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"What an atom is.","layers":[{"id":"parts","name":"Parts","description":"Nucleus and electrons.","findings":[{"id":"parts-finding","name":"Parts","description":"Parts.","questions":[{"text":"What are the parts of an atom, and how do protons, neutrons and electrons determine element, isotope and charge?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How large and heavy are atoms?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"models","name":"Models","description":"Atomic models.","findings":[{"id":"models-finding","name":"Models","description":"Models.","questions":[{"text":"How did atomic models develop from Dalton and Rutherford to Bohr and the quantum model, and which is current?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What are orbitals?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"chemistry","name":"Chemistry","description":"Atoms and chemistry.","layers":[{"id":"bonding","name":"Bonding","description":"Bonding and periodicity.","findings":[{"id":"bonding-finding","name":"Bonding","description":"Bonding.","questions":[{"text":"How does electron configuration determine bonding and the periodic table?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What are central atoms and heteroatoms in molecules?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"data","name":"Data","description":"Atomic data.","findings":[{"id":"data-finding","name":"Data","description":"Data.","questions":[{"text":"What are the atomic number, mass, radius and configuration of this element, according to reference data?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the element?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"exotic","name":"Exotic","description":"Exotic atoms and measurement.","layers":[{"id":"exotic","name":"Exotic","description":"Exotic atoms.","findings":[{"id":"exotic-finding","name":"Exotic","description":"Exotic atoms.","questions":[{"text":"What are muonic atoms, protonium and other exotic atoms, and why are they studied?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which experiments create them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"imaging","name":"Imaging","description":"Seeing atoms.","findings":[{"id":"imaging-finding","name":"Imaging","description":"Imaging.","questions":[{"text":"How are atoms imaged and manipulated with scanning probe and electron microscopes?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits nanotechnology?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Teaching and history.","layers":[{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching atoms.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can atomic structure be taught accurately at different levels?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History of the atom.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did the concept of the atom develop from ancient philosophy to modern physics?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain atomic structure with current quantum models and their limits.","Distinguish atoms, molecules and ions clearly."],"mustNot":["Teach the planetary model as the true picture without noting its limits.","Use atomic terminology to lend authority to pseudoscientific claims.","Assist in nuclear weapons work while discussing atoms.","State element properties without a reliable source."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing teaching material used in formal education."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Accurate science education shapes public trust and decisions.","Atomic science has been used both to heal and to destroy."],"affectedParties":["Students","The public","People misled by pseudoscience"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a scientific concept held in common.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q3366856","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q43460564","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"composite particle","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"chemical entity","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"chemical element","type":"related","note":"defined by atoms"},{"target":"quantum mechanics","type":"related","note":"describes atoms"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.atom","Wikidata: Q9121 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9121)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Atomic mass:  u - Mass is determined through mass spectrometry or constituent particle measurements and depends on the isotope or exotic particle composition.","Atomic radius:  pm - Radius is inferred from scattering or interatomic distances and must specify the radius convention because an atom has no sharp boundary.","Ionization energy:  eV - The energy needed to remove a bound electron is determined spectroscopically for a specified electronic state and applies to atoms containing electrons."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Nucleus plus electrons","Defined by proton number","Molecules are bonded groups of atoms","Not visible directly; imaged indirectly by microscopy."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain atomic structure","relate atoms to chemistry","describe exotic atoms","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Outdated planetary models taught as fact","Confusing atoms, molecules and ions","Misuse of atomic terminology in pseudoscience"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IUPAC conventions on atomic weights and notation","No regulation of atoms as concepts"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The units of chemical elements.","atoms of each element","isotopes","ions","exotic atoms such as muonic atoms and protonium","atoms in molecules such as central atoms and heteroatoms"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q9121: atom","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9121","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Atom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should atomic models be a separate entry?","How should atomic data be linked?","How should teaching resources be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q9121/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q9121/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T23:04:34Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:35+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}