{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.irish","code":"thing-q9142","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9142/","name":"Irish","alternateNames":["Irish language in Australia","Irish language in the United Kingdom","Irish language in Argentina","Irish language in the Americas","Antrim dialect","Old Irish","Middle Irish","Shelta","Connacht Irish","Munster Irish","Irish language outside Ireland","Ulster Irish"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A Goidelic Celtic language native to Ireland, the first official language of the Republic of Ireland and recognised in Northern Ireland and the European Union, spoken daily by a minority in Gaeltacht regions and learned widely at school; Irish has three main dialects, Ulster, Connacht and Munster, a standardised written form, a literary history from Old Irish of the medieval period, and diaspora communities historically in Britain, the Americas and Australia.","purpose":"Let an agent describe the Irish language, its dialects, status and history, relay speaker figures and policy from official sources, present language politics with attribution, and point to learning and reference resources.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Initial mutations and VSO word order","Gaeltacht communities","Official status and revival policy","Long literary tradition"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What Irish is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Language and dialects.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is the Irish language, and what dialects and standard forms exist?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about Irish, Scottish Gaelic or Hiberno-English?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Status and speakers.","findings":[{"id":"status-finding","name":"Status","description":"Status.","questions":[{"text":"What is the official status of Irish, and how many speak it, with sources and definitions?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Grammar and writing.","layers":[{"id":"grammar","name":"Grammar","description":"Grammar.","findings":[{"id":"grammar-finding","name":"Grammar","description":"Grammar.","questions":[{"text":"What are the main features of Irish grammar, such as mutations and word order?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits Celtic grammar?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"writing","name":"Writing","description":"Orthography and script.","findings":[{"id":"writing-finding","name":"Writing","description":"Writing.","questions":[{"text":"How is Irish written, and how did the orthography and script change?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History and politics.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did Irish develop from Old Irish, decline in the nineteenth century and undergo revival?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of the Irish language?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"politics","name":"Politics","description":"Language politics.","findings":[{"id":"politics-finding","name":"Politics","description":"Politics.","questions":[{"text":"How are language rights and policy debated in the Republic and Northern Ireland, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation attributed and neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Learning and culture.","layers":[{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Learning resources.","findings":[{"id":"learning-finding","name":"Learning","description":"Learning.","questions":[{"text":"Which resources exist for learning Irish, and how is it taught in schools?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Irish-medium education?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"culture","name":"Culture","description":"Literature and media.","findings":[{"id":"culture-finding","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","questions":[{"text":"What are the main traditions of Irish-language literature and media?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Irish literature?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Help people learn, read and translate Irish, stating the dialect or standard used.","Report speaker figures with the census or survey and the measure, such as ability or daily use."],"mustNot":["Present ability to speak Irish as the same as daily use in figures.","Treat Irish as a dialect of English or as a dead language.","Machine-translate official or legal text into Irish and publish it without review by a qualified translator.","Present debates about language policy as settled."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing translations into Irish for official, legal or educational use."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Irish was suppressed for centuries; how it is treated touches identity and rights in Ireland.","Poor machine output can damage a minority language's written standard."],"affectedParties":["Irish speakers and Gaeltacht communities","Learners and teachers","Users of official services"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns a language; its speakers hold it in common, and the state's language bodies set the official standard.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q56433","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Goidelic language","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Celtic language","type":"related","note":"the family"},{"target":"Ireland","type":"related","note":"the Republic"},{"target":"Scottish Gaelic","type":"related","note":"a sister language"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.irish","Wikidata: Q9142 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9142)","ISO 639-1: ga","ISO 639-3: gle"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["daily speakers outside education: about 70000-80000 people - Republic census","people with some ability: about 1.9 million people - Republic census, self-reported"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Goidelic Celtic language of Ireland","Ulster, Connacht and Munster dialects","Scottish Gaelic and Manx are sister languages; Hiberno-English is English","Not a visible object; written in the Latin alphabet, historically in Gaelic script."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["describe the language, dialects and status","relay speaker figures with sources","present language policy and politics with attribution","point to learning resources"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Conflating ability with daily use in figures","Presenting language politics as settled","Ignoring dialect variation"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Constitution of Ireland, Article 8","Official Languages Act 2003 and amendments","Identity and Language Act 2022 in Northern Ireland","EU official language status since 2007, full since 2022"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Communication and cultural identity in Ireland and the diaspora.","Ulster, Connacht and Munster dialects including the historical Antrim dialect","the official standard","Old, Middle and Early Modern Irish","Irish in Northern Ireland","Irish in the diaspora in Britain, the Americas and Australia","Irish as a second language in schools"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q9142: Irish","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9142","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Irish language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each dialect be a separate entry?","How should census and policy sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming diaspora communities and historical stages; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q9142/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q9142/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T22:52:19Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}