{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.malay","code":"thing-q9237","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9237/","name":"Malay","alternateNames":["Judeo-Malay","Cocos Malay","Musi","Siak Malay","Classical Malay","Penesak","Rawas","Malay in Jawi script","Riau Sea Tribe Cluster Malay","Natuna Malay","Songkhla Malay","varieties of Malay"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An Austronesian language of the Malayic group spoken across Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore and neighbouring regions, standardised as Malaysian and Indonesian, with classical, regional and diaspora varieties such as Classical Malay, Siak Malay, Musi, Penesak and Cocos Malay; Malay is written in Latin and Jawi scripts and has served as a lingua franca of maritime Southeast Asia for centuries.","purpose":"Let an agent describe the Malay language and its varieties and standards, support learning and translation, explain status and regulation, and provide history with sources.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Lingua franca history","Multiple standards","Two scripts","Wide dialect range"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Learning Malay.","layers":[{"id":"start","name":"Start","description":"Getting started.","findings":[{"id":"start-finding","name":"Start","description":"Getting started.","questions":[{"text":"How can someone start learning Malay, and which resources exist?","kind":"action"},{"text":"What are its main grammatical features?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"scripts","name":"Scripts","description":"Latin and Jawi.","findings":[{"id":"scripts-finding","name":"Scripts","description":"Scripts.","questions":[{"text":"How are the Latin and Jawi scripts used for Malay, and where is Jawi still current?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How is Malay pronounced?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Translation and varieties.","layers":[{"id":"translate","name":"Translate","description":"Translation.","findings":[{"id":"translate-finding","name":"Translate","description":"Translation.","questions":[{"text":"How should this text be translated into or from Malay, with attention to standard and register?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which dictionaries are authoritative?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"varieties","name":"Varieties","description":"Dialects and standards.","findings":[{"id":"varieties-finding","name":"Varieties","description":"Varieties.","questions":[{"text":"How do Malaysian and Indonesian standards differ, and what are regional varieties such as Siak, Musi or Cocos Malay?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific variety?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Status and policy.","layers":[{"id":"official","name":"Official","description":"Official status.","findings":[{"id":"official-finding","name":"Official","description":"Status.","questions":[{"text":"What is the legal status of Malay in Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei and Singapore?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are language policies debated, with positions attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"councils","name":"Councils","description":"Language planning.","findings":[{"id":"councils-finding","name":"Councils","description":"Language planning.","questions":[{"text":"Which bodies regulate Malay, and how do they coordinate spelling and terminology?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are new words formed?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History and literature.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History of Malay.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did Malay develop from Old Malay through Classical Malay to modern standards, and how did it become a lingua franca?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which inscriptions and texts are landmarks?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"literature","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","findings":[{"id":"literature-finding","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","questions":[{"text":"What are the major works of Malay literature?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific work?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Translate to and from Malay, noting whether Malaysian or Indonesian standard is used.","Help learners with grammar, vocabulary and the Jawi and Latin scripts."],"mustNot":["Present Malaysian and Indonesian usage as interchangeable where meaning differs.","Treat regional or diaspora varieties as broken Malay.","Machine-translate legal, medical or official texts without flagging the need for human review.","Mock speakers' accents or varieties."],"requiresHuman":["Certifying translations for legal or official use."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Language policy in the Malay world touches national identity and minority rights.","Smaller Malay varieties are under pressure and poorly served by tools."],"affectedParties":["Speakers of all varieties","Learners","People relying on translations"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the language; language academies in Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei set the standards.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q3450837","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Malayan","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"Swedish","type":"related","note":"another language entry"},{"target":"alphabet","type":"related","note":"Latin and Jawi scripts"},{"target":"inscription","type":"related","note":"early Malay inscriptions"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.malay","Wikidata: Q9237 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9237)","ISO 639-1: ms language code","ISO 639-3: msa macrolanguage code"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Malayic Austronesian language","Latin and Jawi scripts","Indonesian is a standardised variety with its own norms","Not physical; spoken and written language in Latin and Jawi scripts."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["describe the language and its varieties","support learning and translation","explain status and standards","provide history"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing Malay and Indonesian norms","Overgeneralising dialects","Machine translation errors with registers"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Language councils of Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei","National language laws","Spelling reforms and joint spelling agreements"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["A major language of Southeast Asia.","Standard Malay of Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore","Indonesian","Classical Malay","regional Malay dialects","diaspora and contact varieties such as Cocos Malay"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q9237: Malay","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9237","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Malay language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should Indonesian be a separate entry?","How should dictionaries be linked?","How should dialect surveys be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q9237/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q9237/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T22:12:25Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:03+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}