{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.sulfide-class-of-minerals","code":"thing-q927407","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q927407/","name":"sulfide class of minerals","alternateNames":["mgriite","luberoite","linnaeite mineral group","tiospinel group","hessite","auerbakhite","panskyite","makotoite","zolenskyite","stützite","rhodplumsite","teallite"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Class 2 in the ninth edition of the Nickel-Strunz mineral classification comprises sulfides and sulfosalts together with related minerals such as selenides, tellurides and arsenides; examples include pyrite, galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and many members are important metal ores; sulfur-bearing members include minerals with sulfide ions and minerals such as pyrite with disulfide units.","purpose":"Let an agent handle sulfide minerals by composition, group, properties, occurrence and hazards.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Class membership includes sulfides, sulfosalts and related minerals such as selenides, tellurides and arsenides.","Sulfur-bearing members can contain sulfide ions or disulfide units, as in pyrite.","Members are often metallic and dense.","Many members are major ore minerals.","Oxidation of sulfide minerals can form acid drainage."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identity","name":"Identity","description":"Which mineral.","layers":[{"id":"formula","name":"Formula","description":"Composition.","findings":[{"id":"formula-finding","name":"Formula","description":"Composition.","questions":[{"text":"What is its chemical formula?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which group does it belong to?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Identification.","findings":[{"id":"properties-finding","name":"Properties","description":"Identification properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are its lustre, hardness, streak and density?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How is it confirmed, for example by XRD?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"occurrence","name":"Occurrence","description":"Where found.","layers":[{"id":"deposits","name":"Deposits","description":"Ore bodies.","findings":[{"id":"deposits-finding","name":"Deposits","description":"Deposits.","questions":[{"text":"In which deposit types does it occur?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which localities are notable?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"ore","name":"Ore","description":"Metal content.","findings":[{"id":"ore-finding","name":"Ore","description":"Ore value.","questions":[{"text":"Which metal does it supply?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What grade is typical?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"environment","name":"Environment","description":"Impacts.","layers":[{"id":"drainage","name":"Drainage","description":"Acid water.","findings":[{"id":"drainage-finding","name":"Drainage","description":"Acid mine drainage.","questions":[{"text":"Could exposure produce acid mine drainage?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How is it managed?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"toxic","name":"Toxic elements","description":"Arsenic and mercury.","findings":[{"id":"toxic-finding","name":"Toxic","description":"Toxic elements.","questions":[{"text":"Does it contain toxic elements?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should specimens be handled?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"collecting","name":"Collecting","description":"Specimens.","layers":[{"id":"care","name":"Care","description":"Storage.","findings":[{"id":"care-finding","name":"Care","description":"Specimen care.","questions":[{"text":"How should specimens be stored to prevent decay?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Why does pyrite decay?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Collecting rules.","findings":[{"id":"law-finding","name":"Law","description":"Collecting rules.","questions":[{"text":"Is collecting allowed at this site?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Who owns the minerals?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Identify sulfide minerals and report their properties and associated metals.","Explain their role as ores and in acid mine drainage."],"mustNot":["Advise handling or heating sulfide minerals without warning of toxic fumes or dust.","Help mine or trade minerals illegally or from conflict areas.","Downplay pollution from sulfide waste."],"requiresHuman":["Approving disposal of sulfide-rich mine waste."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Sulfide mining waste acidifies rivers for generations.","Mining communities bear the harm while profits flow elsewhere."],"affectedParties":["Mining communities","Workers","Rivers and ecosystems"]},"owners":{"steward":"The mineral rights holder, usually the state or landowner under mining law.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Mining cadastres","Mineral databases such as the IMA list of minerals"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q5128405","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q7946","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"mineral","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"metal ores","type":"related","note":"use"},{"target":"Strunz and Dana systems","type":"related","note":"classification"},{"target":"acid mine drainage","type":"related","note":"hazard"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.sulfide-class-of-minerals","Wikidata: Q927407 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927407)","Strunz class: 2 (sulfides and sulfosalts) classification","IMA mineral symbol: approved symbols mineral names"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mineral density:  g/cm3 - Determine density from specimen mass and volume because values differ substantially between mineral species.","Scratch hardness:  Mohs scale - Determine hardness by comparison with reference minerals on a suitable surface because the class has no single characteristic hardness.","Electrical resistivity:  ohm m - Measure resistivity under specified temperature and crystal orientation because conductivity varies with composition and structure."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Metallic lustre","High density","Group names such as thiospinel or linnaeite group","Often metallic, dense, brassy, grey or black crystals."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify by properties","classify under Strunz or Dana","assess ore deposits","manage acid mine drainage"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Acid mine drainage","Toxic metals such as arsenic and mercury","Dust in handling"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IMA mineral nomenclature","Mining waste and water discharge regulations"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Major ores of copper, lead, zinc, nickel and other metals.","simple sulfides such as galena","disulfides such as pyrite","thiospinels","tellurides and selenides (related)","sulfosalts"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q927407: sulfide class of minerals","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927407","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Sulfide mineral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfide_mineral","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should mineral groups be separate entries?","How should IMA data be linked?","How should ore deposits be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q927407/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q927407/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T07:46:04Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:35+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}