{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.macedonian","code":"thing-q9296","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9296/","name":"Macedonian","alternateNames":["Lower Polog dialect","Central Macedonian dialects","Southwestern Macedonian dialects","Southern Macedonian dialects","Prilep-Bitola dialect","Kostur dialect","Debar dialect","Skopje-Veles dialect","Upper Prespa dialect","Western Macedonian dialects","Kriva Palanka dialect","Kumanovo dialect"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A South Slavic language spoken by about 2 million people, the official language of North Macedonia, closely related to Bulgarian and part of the Eastern South Slavic dialect continuum, standardised in 1945 on central dialects such as the Prilep-Bitola dialect, with dialect groups including the Lower Polog, Central, Southwestern, Southern and Kostur dialects extending into neighbouring countries, written in a Cyrillic alphabet, and marked by a definite article suffix, loss of cases and a rich verb system; its status and name have been disputed by some neighbouring states.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the Macedonian language and its dialects, relay its status, structure and history from linguistic and official sources, present disputes over its name and status neutrally with positions attributed, and route to entries for specific dialects.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Definite article suffix","Case loss","Antepenultimate stress","Contested status"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What Macedonian is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and classification.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is Macedonian, and how is it classified within South Slavic?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the modern Slavic language, a dialect or Ancient Macedonian?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"dialects","name":"Dialects","description":"Dialects.","findings":[{"id":"dialects-finding","name":"Dialects","description":"Dialects.","questions":[{"text":"How do the Lower Polog, Central, Southwestern, Southern, Prilep-Bitola and Kostur dialects differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific dialect?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Grammar and writing.","layers":[{"id":"grammar","name":"Grammar","description":"Grammar.","findings":[{"id":"grammar-finding","name":"Grammar","description":"Grammar.","questions":[{"text":"What are the main features of Macedonian phonology and grammar, including the article suffix and verb system?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"writing","name":"Writing","description":"Alphabet and standard.","findings":[{"id":"writing-finding","name":"Writing","description":"Writing.","questions":[{"text":"How was the alphabet and standard codified in 1945?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Macedonian alphabet?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Status and disputes.","layers":[{"id":"official","name":"Official","description":"Official status.","findings":[{"id":"official-finding","name":"Official","description":"Official.","questions":[{"text":"What status does Macedonian hold in North Macedonia and as a minority language elsewhere?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"disputes","name":"Disputes","description":"Disputes.","findings":[{"id":"disputes-finding","name":"Disputes","description":"Disputes.","questions":[{"text":"What positions have Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia and linguists taken on the language name and status, with each attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and literature.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did Macedonian develop from Old Church Slavonic dialects through Misirkov to codification?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of the Macedonian language?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"literature","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","findings":[{"id":"literature-finding","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","questions":[{"text":"What are the major works of Macedonian literature and folk tradition?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Macedonian literature?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the Macedonian language, its dialects and its standardisation.","Translate to and from Macedonian, noting dialect where relevant.","Present the language and naming disputes by stating each side's position."],"mustNot":["Present the Macedonian language disputes as settled for one side.","Confuse Macedonian with Ancient Macedonian.","Treat dialects as incorrect forms.","Use machine translation alone for legal or medical documents."],"requiresHuman":["Translating official documents or testimony."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Language and naming are tied to identity and to disputes in the region.","Speakers deserve respect for their language."],"affectedParties":["Macedonian speakers","Neighbouring communities","People relying on translation"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the language; academies and education authorities set the standard.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q146665","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"South Slavic","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Bulgarian language","type":"related","note":"in a dialect continuum"},{"target":"North Macedonia","type":"related","note":"since 1945"},{"target":"Macedonian alphabet","type":"related","note":"a Cyrillic script"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.macedonian","Wikidata: Q9296 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9296)","ISO 639-1: mk","ISO 639-3: mkd"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["speakers: about 2 million - estimates","standardised: 1945 year","alphabet letters: 31 count"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Eastern South Slavic language of North Macedonia","Standard based on Prilep-Bitola; Lower Polog, Central, Southwestern, Southern and Kostur dialects","Bulgarian is the closest relative; Ancient Macedonian was an unrelated ancient language","Not a visible object; written in Macedonian Cyrillic."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the language and dialects","relay status and structure","present disputes neutrally","route to specific dialects"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting the language and name disputes as settled","Confusing with Ancient Macedonian","Conflating dialects with the standard"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Constitution and language law of North Macedonia","1945 codification and orthographic rules","Minority language provisions in neighbouring countries","Unicode Cyrillic"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a language.","standard Macedonian","Western dialects including Prilep-Bitola, Lower Polog and Southwestern dialects","Central dialects","Eastern dialects","Southern dialects including Kostur and other varieties in Greece","diaspora Macedonian"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q9296: Macedonian","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9296","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Macedonian language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should the dialect groups be separate entries?","How should linguistic references be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q9296/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q9296/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T03:59:38Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:03+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}