{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.testicle","code":"thing-q9384","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9384/","name":"testicle","alternateNames":["human testicle","Equine testicles","right testis","left testis"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"This model owns one testicle as an organ, including its identity, location, intrinsic structures, sperm-producing and endocrine functions, observed conditions, and organ-specific intervention history, with species and life stage recorded explicitly.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise an individual testicle, record its anatomical and functional state, and identify which observations or proposed actions require further evidence or qualified clinical assessment.","scope":{"in":["Individual organ identity, organism association, laterality and developmental context","Position, dimensions, coverings, internal tissue and anatomical interfaces","Evidence concerning sperm production and testicular endocrine function","Perfusion, tissue integrity, focal abnormalities and symptom attribution","Organ-specific examinations, interventions and resulting state changes"],"out":["Whole-organism reproductive capacity, fertility diagnosis and reproductive goals","The scrotum, epididymis, spermatic cord and downstream reproductive ducts as independently modelled structures","Systemic endocrine regulation and disorders owned by organism-level models","Diseases, tumours and pathogens as independently defined entities","Semen samples, extracted tissue and stored reproductive material as separately tracked specimens","Gender identity, legal sex and personal identity"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Distinguish the organ from its enclosing scrotum: identify gonadal tissue and its boundary rather than treating the external sac as the testicle.","Distinguish testicle from adjacent epididymis and spermatic cord using anatomical continuity, tissue organisation and examination or imaging evidence.","Distinguish testicular from ovarian or mixed gonadal tissue using supported anatomical, histological and developmental evidence; do not classify from external appearance or hormone levels alone.","Distinguish living or removed testicular tissue from a testicular prosthesis using operative history and tissue evidence; an implant's shape and location do not establish organ identity.","Distinguish an absent testicle from one that is unlocated, incompletely examined or surgically removed by recording the evidence for each state."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"gonadal-identity-and-location","name":"Gonadal identity and location","description":"Establish which organ is being represented and where it is located.","layers":[{"id":"testicular-identity","name":"Testicular identity","description":"Record evidence supporting organ classification and individual identity.","findings":[{"id":"identity-and-laterality-evidence","name":"Identity and laterality evidence","description":"Capture the basis for identifying testicular tissue and assigning it to a particular organism and side.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence identifies this structure as a testicle rather than adjacent tissue, another gonadal tissue type or a prosthesis?","id":"identity-and-laterality-evidence-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which organism and side does it belong to, and how was that association established?","id":"identity-and-laterality-evidence-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"position-and-presence","name":"Position and presence","description":"Describe current location and distinguish absence from uncertainty.","findings":[{"id":"localisation-status","name":"Localisation status","description":"Record observed position, examination coverage and evidence for any claim of absence or removal.","questions":[{"text":"Where was the testicle located, by which examination method and at what time?","id":"localisation-status-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"If it was not located, what distinguishes incomplete localisation from documented absence or prior removal?","id":"localisation-status-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"testicular-structure-and-interfaces","name":"Testicular structure and interfaces","description":"Represent organ dimensions, intrinsic tissue and boundaries with neighbouring structures.","layers":[{"id":"dimensions-and-parenchyma","name":"Dimensions and parenchyma","description":"Describe the measurable organ and its internal tissue appearance.","findings":[{"id":"size-and-tissue-observations","name":"Size and tissue observations","description":"Record dimensions and structural observations with methods and appropriate comparison context.","questions":[{"text":"What dimensions and estimated volume were obtained, using which acquisition and calculation methods?","id":"size-and-tissue-observations-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What tissue architecture or imaging appearance was observed, and which prior or contralateral observations are comparable?","id":"size-and-tissue-observations-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"coverings-and-neighbouring-structures","name":"Coverings and neighbouring structures","description":"Locate observations relative to the testicular boundary and connected anatomy.","findings":[{"id":"intrinsic-versus-adjacent-findings","name":"Intrinsic versus adjacent findings","description":"Attribute a finding to testicular tissue, its coverings or a separately modelled neighbouring structure.","questions":[{"text":"Is the observed change within testicular tissue, at its coverings or outside the organ, and what evidence supports that location?","id":"intrinsic-versus-adjacent-findings-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which epididymal, vascular or spermatic-cord relationships must be linked to explain the observation?","id":"intrinsic-versus-adjacent-findings-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"testicular-functional-evidence","name":"Testicular functional evidence","description":"Record evidence about sperm production and endocrine contribution without overstating organ-specific conclusions.","layers":[{"id":"sperm-production","name":"Sperm production","description":"Represent observations relevant to spermatogenic activity.","findings":[{"id":"spermatogenic-evidence-and-attribution","name":"Spermatogenic evidence and attribution","description":"Separate tissue-specific evidence from indirect reproductive measurements.","questions":[{"text":"What observation or specimen supports an assessment of sperm production in this testicle?","id":"spermatogenic-evidence-and-attribution-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the evidence apply to this organ, a sampled region or the reproductive system as a whole?","id":"spermatogenic-evidence-and-attribution-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"endocrine-contribution","name":"Endocrine contribution","description":"Represent endocrine evidence in developmental and organism-level context.","findings":[{"id":"hormonal-evidence-and-limits","name":"Hormonal evidence and limits","description":"Link relevant measurements while retaining limits on attribution to an individual testicle.","questions":[{"text":"Which hormonal measurements or tissue observations inform the assessment, with what assay, units, timing and developmental context?","id":"hormonal-evidence-and-limits-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What supports attributing the interpreted endocrine function to this testicle, and what remains attributable only to the organism?","id":"hormonal-evidence-and-limits-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"testicular-condition-and-change","name":"Testicular condition and change","description":"Capture perfusion, symptoms, tissue damage and focal changes as time-dependent evidence.","layers":[{"id":"perfusion-and-acute-symptoms","name":"Perfusion and acute symptoms","description":"Connect blood-supply observations with the timing and attribution of local symptoms.","findings":[{"id":"time-sensitive-assessment-evidence","name":"Time-sensitive assessment evidence","description":"Record the evidence and limitations needed for a qualified assessment of potentially urgent change.","questions":[{"text":"What are the onset and course of reported pain or swelling, and how certain is their origin in this testicle?","id":"time-sensitive-assessment-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What perfusion assessment is available, and what technical or temporal limitations affect its interpretation?","id":"time-sensitive-assessment-evidence-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does applicable clinical guidance require urgent assessment given these observations and remaining uncertainty?","id":"time-sensitive-assessment-evidence-q03","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"focal-and-diffuse-abnormalities","name":"Focal and diffuse abnormalities","description":"Track lesions and broader tissue changes without assuming their cause.","findings":[{"id":"abnormality-characterisation","name":"Abnormality characterisation","description":"Describe the location, extent and evolution of an abnormality and the status of diagnostic evidence.","questions":[{"text":"What focal lesion or diffuse tissue change is observed, with what dimensions, distribution and change over time?","id":"abnormality-characterisation-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which interpretations are suspected or confirmed, and what examination, imaging or pathology evidence supports each?","id":"abnormality-characterisation-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"testicular-interventions-and-consequences","name":"Testicular interventions and consequences","description":"Represent organ-specific actions, prerequisites and resulting changes.","layers":[{"id":"proposed-organ-actions","name":"Proposed organ actions","description":"Record the intended action and the evidence required to judge whether it may proceed.","findings":[{"id":"action-target-and-prerequisites","name":"Action target and prerequisites","description":"Tie proposed examination, surveillance, sampling or treatment to a verified organ and clinical purpose.","questions":[{"text":"What action is proposed for this testicle, and which documented finding or clinical objective motivates it?","id":"action-target-and-prerequisites-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What qualified assessment, laterality verification, consent or other authorization, and functional considerations are required before proceeding?","id":"action-target-and-prerequisites-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"post-intervention-organ-state","name":"Post-intervention organ state","description":"Maintain continuity between the original organ, its changed state and any derived specimens.","findings":[{"id":"procedure-outcome-and-tissue-lineage","name":"Procedure outcome and tissue lineage","description":"Record what happened to the organ and connect removed material to separate specimen records.","questions":[{"text":"What procedure occurred, on which testicle, and what evidence establishes the resulting position, remaining tissue or removal status?","id":"procedure-outcome-and-tissue-lineage-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which tissue or reproductive-material specimens originated from this organ, and how is their identity preserved after separation?","id":"procedure-outcome-and-tissue-lineage-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What organ-specific follow-up is documented, and which outcomes remain unassessed?","id":"procedure-outcome-and-tissue-lineage-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Give general information about testicular health and self-checks from medical sources.","Advise urgent care for sudden testicular pain, which can be torsion."],"mustNot":["Diagnose testicular conditions in place of a clinician.","Disclose a person's testicular or fertility health without consent.","Produce sexualized or demeaning content about a person's body.","Delay advice to seek emergency care when sudden pain is described."],"requiresHuman":["Any surgery, fertility preservation or hormone treatment decision."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Embarrassment delays care for torsion and testicular cancer, which are treatable when caught early.","Intersex and transgender people deserve dignity in how anatomy is discussed."],"affectedParties":["Patients","Boys and young men","Intersex and transgender people"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person whose body it is; clinicians answer for care and health records.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Health records held by care providers","Cancer registries"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q112826975","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q213456","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q25553355","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q28846466","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.testicle","Wikidata: Q9384 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9384)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Organism and developmental context: Organism reference, species and documented life or developmental stage","Laterality and individual identity: Left, right, midline, indeterminate or not applicable; persistent organ identifier","Presence and identity certainty: Identified, suspected, unlocated, documented absent or removed; supporting evidence and uncertainty","Anatomical position: Species-appropriate anatomical location, including scrotal, inguinal, abdominal, ectopic or undetermined where applicable","Dimensions and estimated volume: Dimensions in mm and volume in mL, with acquisition method, calculation method and date","Parenchymal appearance: Modality-specific description of tissue homogeneity, architecture and focal changes","Perfusion evidence: Observed perfusion pattern, assessment method, technical adequacy, time and interpretation","Sperm-producing function evidence: Unassessed, indirectly assessed or directly sampled; result, method and organ attribution","Endocrine function evidence: Measurements or interpretations linked to specimens, assays, dates and attribution limits","Local symptom association: Linked symptom report with location, onset, course, reporter and certainty of testicular origin","Focal abnormality: Linked finding with intratesticular or extratesticular location, dimensions, evidence and diagnostic status","Intervention history: Dated procedures linked to the target organ, indication, extent, outcome and resulting anatomical state"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["An oval organ within the scrotum, usually one on each side.","Seen on ultrasound as a uniform oval structure."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identify and track the same testicle across examinations, images and procedures.","Compare size, tissue appearance and position over time or against the contralateral organ when comparison is appropriate.","Attach functional evidence while preserving uncertainty about its attribution to this individual organ.","Flag observations for qualified assessment using applicable clinical guidance and documented examination limitations.","Represent proposed examination, surveillance, sampling or treatment with its clinical rationale, authorization and unresolved prerequisites.","Link removed tissue or retrieved reproductive material to separate specimen records while retaining its organ of origin."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Torsion that can lose the testicle within hours.","Testicular cancer, most common in young men.","Injury from blows in sport."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Terminologia Anatomica, Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT)."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["A testicle produces sperm and reproductive hormones in the male reproductive system of humans and many other animals.","It is examined in reproductive biology, fertility assessment and clinical or veterinary evaluation of development, injury and disease."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q9384: testicle","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9384","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Testicle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicle","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend this entry to cover human testicles only, vertebrate testes generally or all animal structures called testes, and which anatomical rules require species-specific extensions?","How should this entry relate to neighbouring models for mixed gonadal tissue, developmental variants and organs whose identity remains uncertain?","Which validated measurement methods and species-, age- and developmental-stage reference data should govern size and functional interpretations?","Which clinical guidance should govern escalation of acute symptoms or uncertain perfusion findings, and how will its jurisdiction and version be recorded?","How should organ identity persist after partial removal, complete removal, transplantation or separation into research specimens?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q9384/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q9384/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-06T21:51:56Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:33+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}