{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.alphabet","code":"thing-q9779","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9779/","name":"alphabet","alternateNames":["expanded genetic alphabet","Morse alphabet","Georgian scripts","Latin-script alphabet","Arabic-script alphabet","phonetic alphabet","constructed alphabet","tactile alphabet","Pahlavi scripts","Scandinavian alphabet","Khanty alphabets","Khutsuri"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A standardised set of letters representing the sounds of a language, ordered conventionally, such as the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Georgian and Arabic scripts and their language-specific alphabets, together with derived systems such as phonetic alphabets, spelling alphabets, Morse code and, by extension, symbol sets such as the genetic alphabet; alphabets are segmental writing systems distinct from syllabaries and logographic scripts.","purpose":"Let an agent explain alphabets and their kinds, describe specific alphabets and their histories, support learning and transliteration, and separate extended senses.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Segmental","Ordered","Language-adapted","Historically related"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"Which alphabet.","layers":[{"id":"which","name":"Which","description":"Identifying a script.","findings":[{"id":"which-finding","name":"Which","description":"Identification.","questions":[{"text":"Which alphabet or script is this text written in, and which language does it likely represent?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How do alphabets, abjads, abugidas and syllabaries differ?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"specific","name":"Specific","description":"A specific alphabet.","findings":[{"id":"specific-finding","name":"Specific","description":"Specific alphabet.","questions":[{"text":"What are the letters, order and history of this alphabet, according to linguistic sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits it?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Learning and writing.","layers":[{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Learning an alphabet.","findings":[{"id":"learn-finding","name":"Learn","description":"Learning.","questions":[{"text":"How can this alphabet be learned, including letter forms, sounds and handwriting?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which resources exist?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"transliterate","name":"Transliterate","description":"Transliteration.","findings":[{"id":"transliterate-finding","name":"Transliterate","description":"Transliteration.","questions":[{"text":"How is this name or text transliterated between alphabets, and which standard applies?","kind":"action"},{"text":"How is it encoded in Unicode?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Origins.","layers":[{"id":"origins","name":"Origins","description":"History of alphabets.","findings":[{"id":"origins-finding","name":"Origins","description":"Origins.","questions":[{"text":"How did alphabets develop from early Semitic scripts, and how are they related?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which alphabets were invented deliberately?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"reform","name":"Reform","description":"Reforms and politics.","findings":[{"id":"reform-finding","name":"Reform","description":"Reforms.","questions":[{"text":"How have alphabet reforms and script changes been decided, and what positions surround them, attributed to whom?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Extended senses.","layers":[{"id":"codes","name":"Codes","description":"Phonetic and code alphabets.","findings":[{"id":"codes-finding","name":"Codes","description":"Code alphabets.","questions":[{"text":"Is a phonetic alphabet, spelling alphabet, Morse code or the genetic alphabet meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can writing systems be taught comparatively?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Write, convert and transliterate text between alphabets following a stated standard.","Explain the history and structure of an alphabet, citing sources.","Use the spelling alphabet in use by the service being contacted."],"mustNot":["Confuse a script with a language's alphabet when describing a writing system.","Transliterate names inconsistently on official or identity documents.","Corrupt text through wrong character encodings and present the result as correct.","Mock or rank alphabets or the communities who use them."],"requiresHuman":["Changing the official spelling of a person's name in records."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Alphabets and scripts are tied to identity; suppressing them has been used against minorities.","Inconsistent transliteration of names can deny people access to services."],"affectedParties":["Speakers and writers of the language","People whose names are transliterated","Learners"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: held in common by its users, with language academies setting standard forms.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q16889133","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q4563817","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q8192","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"writing system","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"segmental writing system","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"letter","type":"related","note":"the units"},{"target":"Swedish","type":"related","note":"a language with its own alphabet"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.alphabet","Wikidata: Q9779 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9779)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Letters for sounds","Conventional order","Syllabaries represent syllables; abjads omit most vowels","Ordered sets of letters."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain alphabet types","describe a specific alphabet","support learning and transliteration","separate extended senses"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing script and alphabet","Encoding problems","Inconsistent transliteration"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Unicode and character encoding standards","Transliteration standards","Spelling alphabet standards such as the NATO alphabet"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Writing languages with letters.","Latin-script alphabets","Cyrillic and Greek alphabets","Georgian and Armenian scripts","Arabic-script alphabets as abjads","phonetic, spelling and code alphabets"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q9779: alphabet","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9779","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Alphabet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each alphabet be a separate entry?","How should Unicode charts be linked?","How should extended senses be split?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q9779/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q9779/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T21:32:35Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:03+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}