{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.saxophone","code":"thing-q9798","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9798/","name":"saxophone","alternateNames":["Selmer Radio Improved","C melody saxophone","slide saxophone","tenor saxophone","soprano saxophone","soprillo","contrabass saxophone","mezzo-soprano saxophone","Selmer Mark VII","Selmer Balanced Action","subcontrabass saxophone","alto saxophone"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A saxophone is a single-reed aerophone with a conical metal (normally brass) bore, a clarinet-type mouthpiece, and an octave key, classed in Hornbostel-Sachs as 422.212 and patented by Adolphe Sax in France in 1846 as a complete family in band (B-flat/E-flat) and orchestral (C/F) pitches; most saxophones are transposing instruments, and C-pitched saxophones are not universally non-transposing because a C bass saxophone can transpose by an octave.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise a saxophone, assess its playing readiness and determine compatible setup, use and maintenance actions.","scope":{"in":["Saxophone identity, family member, nominal pitch and distinguishing construction","Body, neck, tone holes, keys, pads and their functional relationships","Compatibility and installed state of the neck, mouthpiece, reed and ligature","Observed response, tuning, register transitions and mechanical condition","Instrument-specific handling, cleaning, storage and repair readiness"],"out":["Player identity, health, skill development and practice history","Compositions, arrangements, notation and performance interpretation","Manufacturing operations and workshop business management","Independent inventory and lifecycle records for reeds, mouthpieces, cases and tools","Ownership transactions, insurance policies and market valuation"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Check for a single reed fitted against a mouthpiece facing; a double-reed assembly or an air jet directed across an edge indicates a different excitation system.","Check for a generally conical bore together with the single-reed mouthpiece; this combination helps distinguish a saxophone from a clarinet.","Check for finger-operated keywork that opens and closes padded tone holes, rather than brass-instrument valves or a pitch-changing slide.","Do not require a curved body or a particular finish: confirm identity through the bore, mouthpiece system and keywork when the instrument is straight or visually unusual."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identity-and-configuration","name":"Identity and configuration","description":"Establishes which saxophone is present and which construction variant it represents.","layers":[{"id":"instrument-identification","name":"Instrument identification","description":"Connects physical evidence to a saxophone identity.","findings":[{"id":"saxophone-identification-evidence","name":"Saxophone identification evidence","description":"Records the mouthpiece system, bore form and keywork evidence supporting identification.","questions":[{"text":"What observed combination of reed, mouthpiece, bore and tone-hole controls identifies this instrument as a saxophone?","id":"saxophone-identification-evidence-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which maker markings, model markings or documents support the attribution, and which parts remain uncertain?","id":"saxophone-identification-evidence-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"pitch-and-keywork-variant","name":"Pitch and keywork variant","description":"Separates nominal family membership from the instrument's observed configuration.","findings":[{"id":"documented-playing-configuration","name":"Documented playing configuration","description":"Records nominal pitch, transposition, body form and keywork limits without assuming a standard variant.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence establishes the family member, nominal pitch and written-to-sounding interval?","id":"documented-playing-configuration-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which lowest and highest keyed notes and additional controls does this example physically provide?","id":"documented-playing-configuration-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"reed-and-air-column-setup","name":"Reed and air-column setup","description":"Describes the fitted components through which the player excites the instrument's air column.","layers":[{"id":"mouthpiece-reed-assembly","name":"Mouthpiece and reed assembly","description":"Captures the installed reed, mouthpiece and ligature as a working combination.","findings":[{"id":"reed-fit-and-function","name":"Reed fit and function","description":"Records fit, alignment, retention and observed reed condition.","questions":[{"text":"Which mouthpiece, reed and ligature are installed, and what supports their compatibility with each other and this saxophone?","id":"reed-fit-and-function-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the reed intact, aligned and held securely while remaining free to vibrate?","id":"reed-fit-and-function-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"neck-and-mouthpiece-joints","name":"Neck and mouthpiece joints","description":"Examines the interfaces connecting the playing assembly to the body.","findings":[{"id":"joint-security-and-adjustment","name":"Joint security and adjustment","description":"Records neck compatibility, joint sealing and usable mouthpiece adjustment.","questions":[{"text":"Where a detachable neck is present, does it seat securely and align with the register mechanism without forced assembly?","id":"joint-security-and-adjustment-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Can the mouthpiece be positioned for testing while retaining a secure seal, and what limits further adjustment?","id":"joint-security-and-adjustment-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"keywork-and-sealing","name":"Keywork and sealing","description":"Records how keys, pads and linked mechanisms control the instrument's openings.","layers":[{"id":"tone-hole-closure","name":"Tone-hole closure","description":"Assesses pad contact and closure at identified tone holes.","findings":[{"id":"pad-sealing-evidence","name":"Pad sealing evidence","description":"Distinguishes observed or tested leaks from symptoms that merely suggest them.","questions":[{"text":"Which pads and tone holes were checked, by what method, and where was incomplete closure observed?","id":"pad-sealing-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence distinguishes a sealing fault from a reed, setup or player-related response problem?","id":"pad-sealing-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"linked-key-motion","name":"Linked key motion","description":"Assesses key travel, return and coordinated operation, including register controls.","findings":[{"id":"keywork-coordination","name":"Keywork coordination","description":"Records sticking, lost motion, unwanted contact and failures of linked keys to act together.","questions":[{"text":"Which keys fail to move or return freely, or fail to coordinate with their linked keys?","id":"keywork-coordination-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does the register mechanism operate as intended for this model across the tested fingerings?","id":"keywork-coordination-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"playing-response-and-tuning","name":"Playing response and tuning","description":"Captures repeatable observations of attacks, sustained notes, register changes and pitch.","layers":[{"id":"response-testing","name":"Response testing","description":"Locates response problems by note, register and playing condition.","findings":[{"id":"response-test-observations","name":"Response test observations","description":"Records tested behaviour while keeping instrument, setup and player effects distinguishable.","questions":[{"text":"Under what player, reed, mouthpiece and dynamic conditions do attacks, sustained notes or register transitions become unreliable?","id":"response-test-observations-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What controlled retest would help distinguish a setup-dependent symptom from a persistent instrument fault?","id":"response-test-observations-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"pitch-testing","name":"Pitch testing","description":"Relates measured sounding pitch to the instrument's intended pitch convention and test conditions.","findings":[{"id":"tuning-pattern","name":"Tuning pattern","description":"Records note-specific tuning observations and the effects of permitted setup adjustments.","questions":[{"text":"What pitch deviations were measured by sounding note, using which reference frequency and warm-up conditions?","id":"tuning-pattern-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How does a documented mouthpiece-position adjustment affect the measured pattern across registers?","id":"tuning-pattern-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"condition-care-and-readiness","name":"Condition, care and readiness","description":"Connects physical condition and support arrangements to immediate playing, care and service decisions.","layers":[{"id":"structural-condition","name":"Structural condition","description":"Locates damage and repairs in relation to the bore, tone holes, key supports and joints.","findings":[{"id":"damage-and-service-boundary","name":"Damage and service boundary","description":"Records condition evidence and identifies when further playing or adjustment should await assessment.","questions":[{"text":"Where are dents, cracks, corrosion, loose fittings or prior repairs, and what functional effects have actually been demonstrated?","id":"damage-and-service-boundary-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which observed faults require an instrument repairer's assessment before further assembly, adjustment or playing?","id":"damage-and-service-boundary-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"handling-and-moisture-care","name":"Handling and moisture care","description":"Determines appropriate support, moisture removal and protection for this configuration.","findings":[{"id":"care-and-use-readiness","name":"Care and use readiness","description":"Combines support compatibility, cleaning access and unresolved faults into a bounded readiness judgement.","questions":[{"text":"Which strap, harness, stand and case support this saxophone securely without loading vulnerable keywork?","id":"care-and-use-readiness-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What moisture-removal and storage procedure is appropriate to its body, neck and mouthpiece, and which unresolved conditions limit readiness?","id":"care-and-use-readiness-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of saxophone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of saxophone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of saxophone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of saxophone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of saxophone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of saxophone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of saxophone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of saxophone this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe a saxophone's type, key, maker and condition.","Help players with fingering, care and maintenance as the maker recommends.","Record serial numbers for insurance and theft reports."],"mustNot":["Sell or trade a saxophone reported stolen.","Misstate an instrument's model, age or originality to raise its price.","Share mouthpieces or reeds between players without cleaning."],"requiresHuman":["Sending an instrument for major repair or relacquering that changes its value."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Instruments are livelihoods for musicians; theft and fraud hurt them directly.","Shared mouthpieces can spread infection."],"affectedParties":["Players","Buyers and sellers","Students"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person who owns it; schools and bands own loaned instruments.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Stolen instrument registries"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q181247","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q185626","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q55738874","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.saxophone","Wikidata: Q9798 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9798)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Saxophone family member: soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, other documented type, unknown","Nominal pitch and transposition: documented pitch designation and written-to-sounding interval; unknown","Maker and model attribution: maker/model reference supported by markings or documentation, with attribution confidence","Body and neck configuration: straight or curved body; integral or detachable neck; documented variant","Fitted playing components: references to installed neck, mouthpiece, reed and ligature, with compatibility evidence","Keywork configuration: observed key layout, register mechanism and available range extensions","Pad sealing and key motion: untested, functioning, suspected leak or binding, confirmed fault; affected locations","Tuning deviation: cents by sounding note, with reference frequency, setup, player and test conditions","Response across registers: untested or recorded response by note/register, dynamic level and setup","Body and joint integrity: observed dents, cracks, deformation, corrosion, loose joints or previous repairs, with location","Instrument mass: kg, specifying fitted components"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A curved conical brass body with many keys and pad cups.","A single reed on a clarinet-type mouthpiece and a flared bell."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identify the saxophone type and verify its actual pitch and keywork configuration.","Select and fit compatible playing components while checking joint security and freedom of movement.","Assess sealing, key action, response and tuning through documented inspections and playing tests.","Prepare the instrument for playing with suitable support and an explicitly assessed readiness state.","Remove moisture and store or transport the instrument using methods appropriate to its construction.","Localise faults and distinguish routine setup or cleaning from work requiring an instrument repairer."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Sustained exposure to loud playing or nearby ensemble sound can damage hearing.","Poor support or prolonged awkward posture can strain the neck, shoulders and hands.","Shared mouthpieces or inadequately cleaned components can transfer contamination between players.","Failed straps or insecure stands can allow the instrument to fall and injure someone or damage its body and keywork."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["The revised Hornbostel-Sachs classification published by the Musical Instrument Museums Online consortium classifies saxophones among single-reed instruments with a conical bore.","ISO 16, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, defines the standard musical tuning frequency of 440 Hz used as a tuning reference."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Saxophones are used in jazz ensembles, concert bands, marching bands and solo or chamber performances.","Different family members provide different registers, so instrument size and transposition affect repertoire, ensemble roles and setup choices."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Saxophone, Grove Music Online / The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (Oxford University Press)","url":"","note":"Specialist definition, family members, invention and patent context, classification as a reed instrument despite the metal body."},{"title":"The Saxophone, Stephen Cottrell (Yale University Press, 2012)","url":"","note":"History of the two pitch families, practical kinds in use, pedagogy, jazz and classical roles, and why the B♭/E♭ chorus displaced the C/F orchestral chorus."},{"title":"The Cambridge Companion to the Saxophone, ed. Richard Ingham (Cambridge University Press, 1998)","url":"","note":"SATB practice, conservatoire versus jazz setup, repertoire, and the Mule and Rascher schools."},{"title":"Systematik der Musikinstrumente, Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs (Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1914)","url":"","note":"Placement among single-reed instruments with conical bore (422.212), which is the identifier used by museums and MIMO."},{"title":"Saxophone (Wikimedia Foundation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxophone","note":"Common names of the family members, Wikidata linkage, and a cross-check of range and transposition statements."},{"title":"Wikidata item Q9798: saxophone","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9798","note":"identity and sense of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which authoritative identification references should establish coverage of uncommon, historical and modified saxophone variants?","What model-specific evidence is sufficient to approve replacement neck compatibility beyond physical fit?","Which inspection and playing-test procedures provide repeatable readiness criteria without misattributing player or reed effects to the instrument?","What manufacturer or repair guidance should define cleaning methods and the boundary between routine care and specialist adjustment for different materials and finishes?","How should nonstandard pitch conventions, extended keywork and electronic additions be represented while preserving a single saxophone identity?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q9798/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q9798/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T11:27:10Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-08T19:05:26+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}