{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.resistance-2","code":"thing-resistance-2","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/resistance-2/","name":"resistance","alternateNames":["friction","rubbing","grinding","abrasion","attrition","detrition","grip","traction","adhesive friction","acoustic resistance","acoustic impedance","acoustic reactance"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"noun.phenomenon","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.FLW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"energy","origin":"natural","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"Any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion, such as friction between surfaces, drag in fluids and rolling resistance; related processes include rubbing, abrasion and attrition.","purpose":"Let an agent handle mechanical resistance by type, coefficients, effects and control, separate from electrical resistance and political resistance.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Opposes motion","Converts energy to heat","Causes wear","Electrical resistance is a different quantity"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Which resistance.","layers":[{"id":"kind","name":"Kind","description":"Friction, drag.","findings":[{"id":"kind-finding","name":"Kind","description":"Resistance type.","questions":[{"text":"Which kind of mechanical resistance is involved?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Between which bodies or media?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"coefficient","name":"Coefficient","description":"Magnitude.","findings":[{"id":"coefficient-finding","name":"Coefficient","description":"Coefficient.","questions":[{"text":"What is the friction or drag coefficient?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"From which test or data source?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"effects","name":"Effects","description":"Heat and wear.","layers":[{"id":"energy","name":"Energy","description":"Losses.","findings":[{"id":"energy-finding","name":"Energy","description":"Energy loss.","questions":[{"text":"How much energy is lost to resistance?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How can it be reduced?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"wear","name":"Wear","description":"Abrasion.","findings":[{"id":"wear-finding","name":"Wear","description":"Wear.","questions":[{"text":"How fast are surfaces wearing?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What is the wear mechanism?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Control.","layers":[{"id":"reduce","name":"Reduce","description":"Lubrication and shape.","findings":[{"id":"reduce-finding","name":"Reduce","description":"Reduction.","questions":[{"text":"Which lubricant or design reduces friction or drag?","kind":"action"},{"text":"What trade-offs arise?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Brakes and grip.","findings":[{"id":"use-finding","name":"Use","description":"Useful friction.","questions":[{"text":"Is enough friction available for braking or grip?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How is it tested?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Slips and brakes.","layers":[{"id":"slips","name":"Slips","description":"Surfaces.","findings":[{"id":"slips-finding","name":"Slips","description":"Slip resistance.","questions":[{"text":"Is the floor slip-resistant enough?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which test method applies?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Disambiguation.","findings":[{"id":"senses-finding","name":"Senses","description":"Other senses.","questions":[{"text":"Is electrical, biological or political resistance meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Calculate friction, drag and rolling resistance from given data, stating assumptions.","Monitor resistance in machines it is authorized to check and report wear."],"mustNot":["Remove or disable brakes or friction devices that people rely on to stop motion.","Report a friction or drag value as measured when it was estimated.","Ignore heat from friction near flammable materials."],"requiresHuman":["Changing braking or friction components on vehicles and machines."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Friction is what lets vehicles stop and people walk safely.","Reducing drag and friction saves energy and emissions."],"affectedParties":["Road and machine users","Maintenance workers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a physical phenomenon held in common.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-11501098-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"force","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"friction","type":"related","note":"kind"},{"target":"wear and heat","type":"related","note":"effects"},{"target":"electrical resistance","type":"related","note":"another sense"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.resistance-2","Open English WordNet: oewn-11524062-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["friction coefficient (rubber on dry asphalt): about 0.7-1.0 dimensionless","friction coefficient (steel on steel, lubricated): about 0.05-0.2 dimensionless"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Friction between surfaces","Drag on moving objects in air or water","Wear marks from abrasion","Not visible directly; seen as slowing, heating and wear."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["measure friction coefficients","reduce drag and wear","design brakes and grip","lubricate surfaces"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Brake fade from overheating","Slips on low-friction surfaces","Excessive wear"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ASTM G99 and G115 friction and wear testing","Tyre labelling for rolling resistance (EU 2020/740)"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Explaining energy loss, wear, braking and grip.","static and kinetic friction","rolling resistance","fluid drag","abrasion and attrition"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-11524062-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-11524062-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: resistance","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/resistance","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should friction and drag be separate entries?","How should coefficient data be linked?","How should other senses be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-resistance-2/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-resistance-2/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T08:04:56Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:35+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}