{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.ruminant","code":"thing-ruminant","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/ruminant/","name":"ruminant","alternateNames":["bovid","bovine","zebu","water buffalo","water ox","Asiatic buffalo","Bubalus bubalis","carabao","anoa","dwarf buffalo","Anoa depressicornis","tamarau"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"noun.animal","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":["animal"],"facets":{"substance":"living","origin":"natural","agency":"autonomous","mobility":"self-moving","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"Any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals of the suborder Ruminantia with a stomach divided into four, occasionally three, compartments, including cattle, zebu, water buffalo and other bovids, sheep, goats, deer, antelopes and giraffes, which ferment plant material with microbes in the rumen and regurgitate it as cud for further chewing; ruminants are central to livestock farming and to methane emissions debates.","purpose":"Let an agent explain ruminants and their digestive system, relay classification, biology and farming importance from zoological and agricultural sources, describe environmental debates with attribution, and distinguish ruminants from pseudoruminants such as camels and from other herbivores.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Four-chambered stomach","Cud chewing","Microbial fermentation","Even-toed"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What ruminants are.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and digestion.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a ruminant, and how does the four-chambered stomach and cud chewing work?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the group, a species, farming or the environment?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"groups","name":"Groups","description":"Groups.","findings":[{"id":"groups-finding","name":"Groups","description":"Groups.","questions":[{"text":"What are the bovids, cervids, giraffids and other ruminant families, and which are domesticated?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific animal?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"biology","name":"Biology","description":"Biology.","layers":[{"id":"microbes","name":"Microbes","description":"Rumen microbes.","findings":[{"id":"microbes-finding","name":"Microbes","description":"Microbes.","questions":[{"text":"How do rumen microbes ferment cellulose and produce volatile fatty acids and methane?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"evolution","name":"Evolution","description":"Evolution.","findings":[{"id":"evolution-finding","name":"Evolution","description":"Evolution.","questions":[{"text":"How did ruminants evolve, and how are they classified?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"farming","name":"Farming","description":"Farming.","layers":[{"id":"livestock","name":"Livestock","description":"Livestock.","findings":[{"id":"livestock-finding","name":"Livestock","description":"Livestock.","questions":[{"text":"How are ruminants farmed for milk, meat, wool and draught, and what are their nutrition needs?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits animal husbandry?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"health","name":"Health","description":"Health.","findings":[{"id":"health-finding","name":"Health","description":"Health.","questions":[{"text":"What diseases affect ruminants, and how are they controlled?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits veterinary medicine?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Environment and culture.","layers":[{"id":"environment","name":"Environment","description":"Environment.","findings":[{"id":"environment-finding","name":"Environment","description":"Environment.","questions":[{"text":"What is the role of ruminants in methane emissions and land use, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"culture","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","findings":[{"id":"culture-finding","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","questions":[{"text":"How do ruminants figure in pastoral cultures and religion?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits pastoralism?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe ruminant digestion and the animals in the suborder.","Monitor feeding, health and welfare of ruminants for the keeper who authorized it.","Report sick, injured or distressed animals to their keeper or a veterinarian."],"mustNot":["Treat or medicate a ruminant without a veterinarian's prescription.","Feed ruminants material that is banned or harmful to them.","Present a partisan view of livestock emissions as settled fact.","Move animals across disease control boundaries without permits."],"requiresHuman":["Slaughter, culling or sale of animals.","Reporting a suspected notifiable disease outbreak."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Ruminants are sentient animals whose welfare depends on how they are kept.","Livestock farming is central to livelihoods and to climate debates."],"affectedParties":["The animals themselves","Farmers and herders","Consumers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The registered keeper for farmed animals; wild ruminants are protected or managed by law.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Livestock identification and movement registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-02397129-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"even-toed ungulate","type":"related","note":"in general terms"},{"target":"Ruminantia","type":"related","note":"the suborder"},{"target":"cattle","type":"related","note":"the main domestic ruminant"},{"target":"camelid","type":"related","note":"a pseudoruminant"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.ruminant","Open English WordNet: oewn-02401652-n","WordNet: oewn-02397129-n cud-chewing hoofed mammals with a divided stomach","suborder: Ruminantia"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["stomach compartments: 4 count - rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum","living species: about 200 count","domestic ruminants worldwide: about 3.5 billion - cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Cud-chewing hoofed mammal with a compartmented stomach","Cattle, zebu, water buffalo, sheep, goats, deer, antelopes, giraffes","Camels are pseudoruminants with three compartments; horses are hindgut fermenters","Hoofed mammals that chew cud, from cattle to deer and giraffes."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain digestion and classification","relay biology and farming","describe environmental debates","distinguish related animals"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing ruminants with pseudoruminants","Partisan framing of livestock emissions","Registry aliases naming species of one family"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Animal health rules for ruminant diseases such as foot-and-mouth and BSE","Livestock welfare standards","Methane and climate reporting frameworks"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; an animal group.","bovids including cattle, zebu, water buffalo, sheep, goats and antelopes","cervids or deer","giraffids","musk deer and chevrotains","pronghorn"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-02401652-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-02401652-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: ruminant","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ruminant","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should cattle, zebu and water buffalo be separate primary entries?","How should zoological sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming bovid species; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-ruminant/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-ruminant/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T12:48:09Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:35+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}