{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.trust","code":"thing-trust","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/trust/","name":"trust","alternateNames":["active trust","blind trust","passive trust","charitable trust","public trust","implied trust","constructive trust","involuntary trust","resulting trust","direct trust","express trust","discretionary trust"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"noun.possession","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.ECO"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"social","origin":"conceptual","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"A legal arrangement in which property is held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary), under terms set by the settlor or by law; forms include charitable, blind, public and implied trusts.","purpose":"Let an agent explain trusts factually by type, parties, duties and registration, without giving legal or tax advice on specific cases.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Split between legal and beneficial ownership","Trustees owe fiduciary duties","Express or implied","Registration rules for beneficial ownership"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Which trust.","layers":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Express, charitable.","findings":[{"id":"type-finding","name":"Type","description":"Trust type.","questions":[{"text":"What type of trust is it?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Under which law?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"parties","name":"Parties","description":"Roles.","findings":[{"id":"parties-finding","name":"Parties","description":"Parties.","questions":[{"text":"Who are the settlor, trustees and beneficiaries?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What property is held?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"duties","name":"Duties","description":"Trustee obligations.","layers":[{"id":"fiduciary","name":"Fiduciary","description":"Obligations.","findings":[{"id":"fiduciary-finding","name":"Fiduciary","description":"Trustee duties.","questions":[{"text":"What duties do the trustees owe?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How are they enforced?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"reporting","name":"Reporting","description":"Accounts.","findings":[{"id":"reporting-finding","name":"Reporting","description":"Accounts and reporting.","questions":[{"text":"What accounts must trustees keep?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Who can see them?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"registration","name":"Registration","description":"Transparency.","layers":[{"id":"register","name":"Register","description":"Beneficial ownership.","findings":[{"id":"register-finding","name":"Register","description":"Trust registration.","questions":[{"text":"Must the trust be registered, and where?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Who can access the register?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"charity","name":"Charity","description":"Charitable status.","findings":[{"id":"charity-finding","name":"Charity","description":"Charitable trusts.","questions":[{"text":"Is it a registered charity?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What does the register show?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"limits","name":"Limits","description":"No legal advice.","layers":[{"id":"advice","name":"Advice","description":"Boundary.","findings":[{"id":"advice-finding","name":"Advice","description":"Advice limit.","questions":[{"text":"Is the user asking how to set up or use a trust in their situation?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should the agent refer them?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Disambiguation.","findings":[{"id":"senses-finding","name":"Senses","description":"Other senses.","questions":[{"text":"Is trust as confidence or an NHS trust meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain how trusts work and the duties of trustees in general terms.","Help trustees keep records and reports they are required to keep."],"mustNot":["Act as trustee or move trust property without the trustees' authority.","Help use a trust to hide assets from creditors, tax authorities or courts.","Disclose beneficiaries' details beyond what the law requires.","Give legal or tax advice on a specific trust as if a lawyer."],"requiresHuman":["Distributions to beneficiaries or changes to trust terms."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Trustees hold power over others' property; breaches harm beneficiaries who may be children or vulnerable.","Trusts can be misused to hide wealth from public scrutiny."],"affectedParties":["Beneficiaries","Creditors","Charities and the public"]},"owners":{"steward":"The trustees, under the terms set by the settlor and the supervision of courts.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Trust registers and beneficial ownership registers where they exist","Charity registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-13265007-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"legal arrangement","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"trustee and beneficiary","type":"related","note":"parties"},{"target":"property","type":"related","note":"object"},{"target":"trust (confidence)","type":"related","note":"another sense"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.trust","Open English WordNet: oewn-13381671-n"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Trust deed naming parties","Types such as charitable or blind trust","Trust as confidence between people is another sense","A legal relationship recorded in a trust deed or arising by law."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain roles of settlor, trustee and beneficiary","check trust registration requirements","look up charitable trusts in registers","find professional advice"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Breach of trustee duties","Use for concealment","Agents giving legal or tax advice"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Trust law in common law jurisdictions","Hague Trust Convention","Beneficial ownership registers (EU AMLD)","Charity law"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Managing property for others, succession planning, charity and holding assets in confidence.","express trusts","charitable trusts","blind trusts","implied and constructive trusts","public trusts"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13381671-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-13381671-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: trust","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trust","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should trust types be separate entries?","How should registers be linked?","How should the confidence sense be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-trust/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-trust/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T07:46:03Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:35+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}