{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.vein","code":"thing-vein","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/vein/","name":"vein","alternateNames":["accessory cephalic vein","vena cephalica accessoria","accessory hemiazygos vein","accessory hemiazygous vein","vena hemiazygos accessoria","accessory vertebral vein","vena vertebralis accessoria","accompanying vein","vena comitans","anastomotic vein","vena anastomotica","angular vein"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"noun.body","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{"substance":"living","origin":"natural","agency":"inert","mobility":"not-applicable","scale":"not-applicable","affordances":["observable"]}},"whatItIs":"A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart, usually deoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation and oxygenated blood in the pulmonary veins, with thinner walls and lower pressure than arteries, valves in the limbs to prevent backflow, and named vessels such as the cephalic, accessory cephalic, hemiazygos, accessory hemiazygos and vertebral veins; veins are sites of thrombosis, varicosities and venous access for injections and sampling.","purpose":"Let an agent explain veins and their structure and function, relay major named veins and clinical relevance in general terms from anatomical sources, distinguish veins from arteries and lymphatics, and route personal concerns to clinicians.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Low pressure","Valves in limbs","Capacitance role","Venous access site"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a vein is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Structure and function.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a vein, how is its wall built, and how do valves and muscle pumps return blood?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about veins, arteries or lymphatics?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"named","name":"Named","description":"Named veins.","findings":[{"id":"named-finding","name":"Named","description":"Named.","questions":[{"text":"What are the major named veins, such as the cephalic, hemiazygos and vertebral veins?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific vein?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"clinical","name":"Clinical","description":"Clinical relevance.","layers":[{"id":"conditions","name":"Conditions","description":"Venous conditions.","findings":[{"id":"conditions-finding","name":"Conditions","description":"Conditions.","questions":[{"text":"What conditions such as thrombosis and varicose veins affect veins, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user describing symptoms such as leg swelling or pain, which need a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"access","name":"Access","description":"Venous access.","findings":[{"id":"access-finding","name":"Access","description":"Access.","questions":[{"text":"How are veins used for blood sampling, injections and lines?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"physiology","name":"Physiology","description":"Physiology.","layers":[{"id":"return","name":"Return","description":"Venous return.","findings":[{"id":"return-finding","name":"Return","description":"Return.","questions":[{"text":"How does venous return work, and how does it respond to posture and exercise?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"systems","name":"Systems","description":"Portal and pulmonary systems.","findings":[{"id":"systems-finding","name":"Systems","description":"Systems.","questions":[{"text":"How do the portal and pulmonary venous systems differ from systemic veins?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits hepatic portal system?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Comparative and history.","layers":[{"id":"comparative","name":"Comparative","description":"Other animals.","findings":[{"id":"comparative-finding","name":"Comparative","description":"Comparative.","questions":[{"text":"How do venous systems differ across vertebrates?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits comparative anatomy?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did Harvey and others discover venous valves and circulation?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of physiology?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the anatomy and function of veins, and how they differ from arteries.","Encourage a person with a swollen, hot or painful leg to seek urgent medical assessment.","Support clinicians with reference information at their request."],"mustNot":["Instruct a lay person on puncturing, injecting into or cutting a vein.","Give personal diagnosis or treatment advice in place of a clinician.","Advise anyone who may intend self-harm about veins.","Present cosmetic vein treatments as risk-free."],"requiresHuman":["Any clinical procedure involving a vein, which belongs to trained staff.","Responding to signs that a person may be at risk of self-harm."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Clot and bleeding emergencies involving veins are time-critical, so delay causes harm.","A person in crisis needs a route to help, not anatomical detail."],"affectedParties":["Patients","People at risk of self-harm","Clinicians relying on information"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns it; the treating clinician answers for care of a patient's veins.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"oewn-05425319-n","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"blood vessel","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"artery","type":"related","note":"which carries blood away from the heart"},{"target":"capillary","type":"related","note":"beds"},{"target":"heart","type":"related","note":"through the venae cavae"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.vein","Open English WordNet: oewn-05426061-n","TA2: vena Terminologia Anatomica","MeSH: D014680 veins"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["share of blood volume in veins: about 60-70 percent - at rest","largest veins: superior and inferior vena cava vessels"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Blood vessel returning blood to the heart","Superficial, deep, systemic, pulmonary and portal veins; named veins such as cephalic and hemiazygos","Arteries carry blood away from the heart; lymphatic vessels carry lymph","Thin-walled vessels, often visible as blue lines under the skin."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain structure and function","relay named veins","relay clinical relevance","route personal concerns"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Deep vein thrombosis","Varicose veins and venous insufficiency","Agents giving personal medical advice","Confusing veins and arteries"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Terminologia Anatomica nomenclature","Clinical guidelines on venous thromboembolism and venous access"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Returning blood to the heart.","superficial veins such as the cephalic and accessory cephalic","deep veins of the limbs","venae cavae and azygos system including the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos","vertebral and accessory vertebral veins","pulmonary veins","portal venous system","venules"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-05426061-n","url":"https://en-word.net/id/oewn-05426061-n","note":"sense and gloss of the concept"},{"title":"Wiktionary: vein","url":"https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vein","note":"word senses and usage"}],"openQuestions":["Should the major named veins be separate entries?","How should anatomical references be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific veins; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-vein/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-vein/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T02:38:36Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:35+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: WordNet gloss; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}