{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.wm-civ-006","code":"wm-civ-006-science-system","url":"https://ver.cy/models/wm-civ-006-science-system/","name":"Science System","alternateNames":[],"kind":"world-model","status":"todo","version":"unversioned","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"World Models","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"standalone-mm","plane":"","domain":["SOC.CIV.SCI"],"industry":["Cross-industry"],"navPath":"NAV.SOC.CIV.SCI","tags":["science","system","soc.civ.sci"],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A science system is the organised whole of institutions, people, funding and infrastructure through which a country, region or field produces and governs research. It covers research performers, funders, policy bodies, research infrastructures and the flows of money, people and outputs between them; a single study, publication or institution is a part of it, not the system.","purpose":"Institutions, funding, people and infrastructure through which research is produced and governed.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["It is a system of actors and flows, not a single organisation, study or publication.","Measured through standard input and output statistics, such as research expenditure and personnel by sector.","Distinct from the education system, although universities belong to both.","Distinct from a research study, which is one activity performed inside the system."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"CIV006-B1","name":"Actors and infrastructure","description":"Who performs, funds and governs research within the system.","layers":[{"id":"CIV006-B1-L1","name":"Performers and funders","description":"Research performing organisations, funders and policy bodies with their roles.","findings":[{"id":"CIV006-F01","name":"Actor roles","description":"Each actor is recorded with its role as performer, funder, policy body or infrastructure.","questions":[{"text":"Which organisations perform research in this system, and in which sectors?","id":"CIV006-Q01"},{"text":"Which bodies fund research, and through which instruments?","id":"CIV006-Q02"},{"text":"Which body sets research policy for the system?","id":"CIV006-Q03"}]},{"id":"CIV006-F02","name":"Research infrastructures","description":"Shared facilities and data services that the system relies on.","questions":[{"text":"Which research infrastructures are operated within the system, and by whom?","id":"CIV006-Q04"},{"text":"Who may access each infrastructure, and on what terms?","id":"CIV006-Q05"}]}]}]},{"id":"CIV006-B2","name":"Inputs and outputs","description":"What goes into the system and what it produces.","layers":[{"id":"CIV006-B2-L1","name":"Funding and personnel","description":"Research expenditure and research personnel by sector and field.","findings":[{"id":"CIV006-F03","name":"Expenditure by sector","description":"Research spending is reported by performing sector and source of funds.","questions":[{"text":"What is the reported research expenditure, by sector and source of funds, for the period?","id":"CIV006-Q06"},{"text":"Which measurement manual does the expenditure figure follow?","id":"CIV006-Q07"}]},{"id":"CIV006-F04","name":"Research personnel","description":"Researchers and support staff counted by headcount and full-time equivalent.","questions":[{"text":"How many researchers are counted, in headcount and full-time equivalent?","id":"CIV006-Q08"},{"text":"Which classification of fields and sectors is used for the count?","id":"CIV006-Q09"}]}]},{"id":"CIV006-B2-L2","name":"Outputs","description":"Publications, data, patents and other results attributed to the system.","findings":[{"id":"CIV006-F05","name":"Attributed outputs","description":"Outputs are attributed to actors through persistent identifiers.","questions":[{"text":"Which identifiers link outputs to researchers and organisations?","id":"CIV006-Q10"},{"text":"Which output types are counted, and which are left out?","id":"CIV006-Q11"}]}]}]},{"id":"CIV006-B3","name":"Governance and evaluation","description":"How the system is steered and assessed.","layers":[{"id":"CIV006-B3-L1","name":"Policy and assessment","description":"Strategies, funding rules and research assessment exercises.","findings":[{"id":"CIV006-F06","name":"Assessment practice","description":"The system has stated rules for evaluating researchers and institutions.","questions":[{"text":"Which assessment exercise or criteria apply to institutions in the system?","id":"CIV006-Q12"},{"text":"Does the assessment rely on publication metrics, peer review or both?","id":"CIV006-Q13"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Compile statistics on research expenditure, personnel and outputs from official sources.","Map actors, funders and infrastructures with their persistent identifiers.","Report the classification and manual behind each figure."],"mustNot":["Rank researchers or institutions on a single metric presented as quality.","Attribute outputs to people or organisations without identifier evidence.","Mix figures compiled under different manuals without saying so.","Disclose unpublished grant applications or peer review content.","Present a funding or assessment decision as made when it is only proposed."],"requiresHuman":["Deciding research funding allocations.","Approving the outcome of a research assessment exercise.","Publishing official science and technology indicators."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Assessment rules shape careers and research agendas, so narrow metrics can distort what science is done.","Funding concentration can exclude regions, fields and early-career researchers.","Research integrity depends on transparent attribution and open access to results."],"affectedParties":["Researchers and research staff","Research performing institutions","Funders and taxpayers","Society that uses research results"]},"owners":{"steward":"A national research ministry or statistics office that maintains the official description and indicators of the system.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Current research information system","National research statistics database","Funder grant management system","Organisation identifier registry"]},"relations":[{"target":"wm-act-036-research-study","type":"contains","note":"Individual studies are activities performed within the system."},{"target":"wm-rec-004-scholarly-publication","type":"related","note":"Publications are a main output counted for the system."},{"target":"wm-org-001-organization","type":"references","note":"Performers, funders and policy bodies are organisations."}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["A science system is identified by the jurisdiction or field it covers and the reporting period.","Its actors are identified by organisation identifiers such as ROR, and researchers by ORCID iDs."]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["A science system is recognised by a set of research performers, funders and policy bodies within a defined scope.","Often confused with a single university, a funding agency or a national research strategy."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Research expenditure and personnel can be measured by sector and field.","Outputs can be attributed to actors through persistent identifiers.","Funding flows can be traced from funder to performer through grant records."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Metric-driven assessment that rewards volume over quality.","Misattribution of outputs through ambiguous names and affiliations.","Non-comparable statistics across countries using different definitions."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["OECD Frascati Manual definitions for research and development statistics.","CERIF data model for current research information systems.","ORCID for researchers and ROR for research organisations."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Used by ministries, funders and statistics offices that steer and report on research.","International comparison relies on shared statistical manuals."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Frascati Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development (OECD)"},{"title":"Common European Research Information Format, CERIF (euroCRIS)"},{"title":"UNESCO Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers (UNESCO)"}],"openQuestions":["Planned model: boundary questions, research and every section remain to be written."],"resources":{"spec":"https://ver.cy/models/wm-civ-006-science-system/spec.yaml","agents":"https://ver.cy/models/wm-civ-006-science-system/AGENTS.md"},"provenance":{"origin":"planned (registry candidate)","builtFrom":["models/runtime-index.json","ver-cy/world-models/card-supplements/wm-civ-006-science-system.json"],"providers":[],"researchStatus":"todo","generatedAt":"","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_":"Planned entry, hidden from the catalogue until researched.","interaction.properties":"A science system is an institutional arrangement with no physical properties to measure.","_supplement":"Sections authored in card supplement 1.0.1 by Claude (Opus 5.5) (2026-10-06, unreviewed). Written from the card's existing content and established practice in the field; no new sources were read. Unreviewed."},"score":1.0}}