{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.wm-plc-008","code":"wm-plc-008-airspace","url":"https://ver.cy/models/wm-plc-008-airspace/","name":"Airspace","alternateNames":[],"kind":"world-model","status":"todo","version":"unversioned","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"World Models","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"standalone-mm","plane":"","domain":["PHY.PLC.AIR"],"industry":["Cross-industry"],"navPath":"NAV.PHY.PLC.AIR","tags":["airspace","phy.plc.air"],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Airspace is a defined three-dimensional volume of the atmosphere above a territory or sea area, with lateral boundaries and upper and lower limits, assigned a class, a controlling authority and rules for its use, such as a control zone, a restricted area or a drone geographic zone. The weather in it, the aircraft in it and the territory below are separate subjects.","purpose":"Defined volumes of airspace with limits, classification and access rules.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["A three-dimensional volume with vertical limits, not a surface area or land parcel.","Defined by aviation authorities with a class, rules and a controlling unit.","Can be active only at certain times, so its effect depends on current notices.","Distinct from the atmosphere and weather, which are physical conditions inside the volume."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"PLC008-B1","name":"Volume definition","description":"Where the airspace is.","layers":[{"id":"PLC008-B1-L1","name":"Boundaries and limits","description":"Lateral boundary and vertical limits with their references.","findings":[{"id":"PLC008-F01","name":"Lateral boundary","description":"The boundary polygon, arcs or circle with its datum.","questions":[{"text":"Which coordinates and arcs define the lateral boundary, in which datum?","id":"PLC008-Q01"},{"text":"Does the boundary follow a national border or another airspace?","id":"PLC008-Q02"}]},{"id":"PLC008-F02","name":"Vertical limits","description":"Upper and lower limits with their reference.","questions":[{"text":"What are the lower and upper limits, and are they referenced to ground, mean sea level or a flight level?","id":"PLC008-Q03"},{"text":"Do the limits change with time or activation?","id":"PLC008-Q04"}]}]}]},{"id":"PLC008-B2","name":"Use and rules","description":"Who may fly there and under which conditions.","layers":[{"id":"PLC008-B2-L1","name":"Classification and restrictions","description":"The airspace class, type and applicable restrictions.","findings":[{"id":"PLC008-F03","name":"Class and type","description":"The airspace class and type, such as control zone or restricted area.","questions":[{"text":"Which class and type does the airspace have?","id":"PLC008-Q05"},{"text":"Which flight rules and clearance requirements follow from that class?","id":"PLC008-Q06"}]},{"id":"PLC008-F04","name":"Activation","description":"Times when the airspace is active and how activation is published.","questions":[{"text":"Is the airspace permanently active or activated by notice?","id":"PLC008-Q07"},{"text":"Which notice to airmen or schedule currently applies?","id":"PLC008-Q08"}]}]},{"id":"PLC008-B2-L2","name":"Unmanned aircraft rules","description":"Conditions for drones in the volume.","findings":[{"id":"PLC008-F05","name":"Drone conditions","description":"Geographic zone conditions for unmanned aircraft.","questions":[{"text":"Are unmanned aircraft prohibited, restricted or allowed with authorization here?","id":"PLC008-Q09"},{"text":"Which authority grants drone authorizations for this zone?","id":"PLC008-Q10"}]}]}]},{"id":"PLC008-B3","name":"Authority and publication","description":"Who controls the airspace and where it is published.","layers":[{"id":"PLC008-B3-L1","name":"Controlling authority","description":"The authority and air navigation service provider.","findings":[{"id":"PLC008-F06","name":"Controlling unit","description":"The authority or unit that controls or manages the volume.","questions":[{"text":"Which air traffic unit or authority controls the airspace, and how is it contacted?","id":"PLC008-Q11"},{"text":"In which aeronautical publication and amendment cycle is the definition published?","id":"PLC008-Q12"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report the boundaries, limits, class and controlling unit of an airspace from official aeronautical data.","Check a planned flight path against airspace and current notices.","Flag where a drone operation needs authorization.","Convert vertical limits between references with the stated assumptions."],"mustNot":["Plan or fly an aircraft or drone into restricted or controlled airspace without clearance.","Use outdated aeronautical data when a newer amendment is in force.","Present unofficial airspace maps as authoritative for navigation.","Disable or bypass geofencing on unmanned aircraft."],"requiresHuman":["Requesting or granting clearance or authorization to enter an airspace.","Establishing, changing or activating an airspace."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Airspace errors can cause mid-air collisions and endanger people on the ground.","Restricted areas protect security and privacy but can also limit legitimate uses such as journalism.","Low-level airspace for drones affects residents' privacy and noise exposure."],"affectedParties":["Pilots and drone operators","Passengers and people on the ground","Air navigation service providers","Residents below flight paths"]},"owners":{"steward":"The national aviation authority and its air navigation service provider, which define, publish and control the airspace.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Aeronautical information publication","Aeronautical information management database","Notice to airmen system","Unmanned aircraft geographic zone database"]},"relations":[{"target":"wm-plc-004-administrative-area","type":"references","note":"National airspace lies above the territory of a state and its administrative areas."},{"target":"wm-plc-007-maritime-zone","type":"neighbor","note":"Maritime zones are the neighbouring class for sea areas with their own rights."},{"target":"world-p4-atmosphere-weather-and-climate","type":"related","note":"Weather is a condition inside the volume, not part of its definition."}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identified by its designator and name in the aeronautical information publication of the state.","Temporary changes are identified by the notice to airmen that publishes them."]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Lateral boundary coordinates in degrees in the WGS 84 datum.","Lower and upper limits in feet or metres above ground or mean sea level, or as flight levels.","Activation times in coordinated universal time.","Radio frequencies of the controlling unit in megahertz."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not visible in the sky; recognized from aeronautical charts, published data and onboard navigation displays.","Often confused with the territory below, with a no-fly advisory or with temporary flight restrictions."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Can be activated, deactivated or reclassified by its authority.","Determines which flights need clearance and which are prohibited.","Can be used by geofencing systems to keep drones out."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Airspace infringements leading to collision risk.","Interception or enforcement action against infringing aircraft.","Drone incursions disrupting airports."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["AIXM Aeronautical Information Exchange Model for airspace data.","ICAO Annex 15 and PANS-AIM for aeronautical information services.","EUROCAE ED-269 for unmanned aircraft geographic zone data."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classified under ICAO Annex 11 airspace classes, applied by each state.","Sovereignty over national airspace rests with the state under the Chicago Convention.","Drone geographic zones are set under national and regional unmanned aircraft rules."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), ICAO"},{"title":"Annex 11 to the Chicago Convention, Air Traffic Services, ICAO"},{"title":"Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM), EUROCONTROL and FAA"}],"openQuestions":["Planned model: boundary questions, research and every section remain to be written."],"resources":{"spec":"https://ver.cy/models/wm-plc-008-airspace/spec.yaml","agents":"https://ver.cy/models/wm-plc-008-airspace/AGENTS.md"},"provenance":{"origin":"planned (registry candidate)","builtFrom":["models/runtime-index.json","ver-cy/world-models/card-supplements/wm-plc-008-airspace.json"],"providers":[],"researchStatus":"todo","generatedAt":"","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_":"Planned entry, hidden from the catalogue until researched.","_supplement":"Sections authored in card supplement 1.0.1 by Claude (Opus 5.5) (2026-10-06, unreviewed). Written from the card's existing content and established practice in the field; no new sources were read. Unreviewed."},"score":1.0}}