{ "model": { "rank": 2756, "code": "thing-bread", "model_id": "vr.tr.bread", "name": "bread", "purpose": "food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/bread/", "tier": 2, "score": 97, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "breadstuff", "staff of life", "anadama bread", "bap", "barmbrack", "breadstick", "bread-stick", "grissino", "brown bread", "Boston brown bread", "bun", "roll", "tea bread", "caraway seed bread", "challah", "hallah", "cinnamon bread", "cracked-wheat bread", "cracker", "crouton", "dark bread", "whole wheat bread", "whole meal bread", "flatbread", "garlic bread", "gluten bread", "graham bread", "flatbrod", "bannock", "chapatti", "chapati", "pita", "pocket bread", "loaf of bread", "loaf", "matzo", "matzoh", "matzah", "unleavened bread", "nan" ], "aliasCount": 152, "merged": 97, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "portable", "scale": "handheld", "affordances": [ "graspable", "consumable" ] }, "markers": [ "food" ], "lexicalClass": "noun.food", "senseRank": 0, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-07695101-n", "ili": "i77313", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:36:15Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01198296, "turns": 1, "seconds": 134.3, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 76.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07ba2-cfce-7a02-b27f-6edc4387cd08\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: bread\nRegistry id: vr.tr.bread\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-BREAD", "registryId": "vr.tr.bread", "name": "bread", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/bread/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.bread", "name": "bread", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise bread, assess its recorded condition and suitability for an intended use, and decide how it may be handled or consumed.", "definition": "A baked cereal staple formed from a dough or batter of milled grain (most often wheat) and water, usually with salt and a yeast, sourdough, or chemical leavening system, in which oven heat gelatinizes starch, sets the protein network, and produces a crusted crumb.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, composition, baked structure, condition and use constraints of bread as a physical food item or batch, including loaves, rolls, flatbreads and portions derived from them.", "in_scope": [ "Recognition of bread and its boundary with raw dough and neighbouring baked foods", "Ingredients, leavening and preparation history that affect the resulting bread", "Crust, crumb, dimensions and portion state", "Freshness, storage history and evidence relevant to deterioration", "Suitability for eating, slicing, toasting, freezing or culinary reuse" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Raw dough development and fermentation as independent production processes", "Flour, grain, yeast and other ingredients as separately managed materials", "Bakery equipment, production scheduling and workplace operation", "Packaging manufacture and distribution logistics", "Complete sandwiches, meals and recipes that incorporate bread", "Individual dietary requirements, diagnoses and treatment decisions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish whether flour or meal dough forms the main edible body; a flour coating around another food does not establish bread identity.", "Establish whether preparation has produced a finished bread body; shaped or proofed raw dough remains dough.", "Use product designation, formulation and preparation together to distinguish bread from cake, pastry, biscuits and crackers; sweetness or shape alone does not settle the boundary.", "Do not require yeast, visible rising or an open crumb: record how unleavened and flat forms are recognised as bread.", "Distinguish a bread portion from a composite food: a slice may remain bread, while a filled sandwich requires a relation to a separate assembled-food model." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Bread designation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded product or culinary name, with classification evidence or unresolved boundary", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition without assuming every flour-based baked food is bread." }, { "name": "Flour or meal basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Declared grain or other flour/meal types; proportions when known; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Differentiates bread formulations and supports ingredient-dependent use decisions." }, { "name": "Ingredient and allergen evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to recipe, ingredient declaration and relevant cross-contact information", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison with stated dietary constraints without treating appearance as proof of composition." }, { "name": "Leavening method", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Yeast, sourdough culture, chemical, unleavened, combined, other documented method or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Helps interpret bread identity and expected structure." }, { "name": "Preparation completion", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Fully baked, par-baked, suspected incomplete baking or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes bread ready for its intended use from bread requiring further preparation." }, { "name": "Mass and dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass in g; length, width, height or slice thickness in mm, as applicable", "why_it_matters": "Supports portioning, equipment fit and comparison between portions." }, { "name": "Crust and crumb condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Separate observations of crust firmness or crispness and crumb softness, dryness, tackiness and pore structure", "why_it_matters": "Helps judge texture and suitability for the intended bread use." }, { "name": "Portion and treatment state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Whole, sliced, torn or crumbled; fresh, frozen, thawed, toasted or deliberately dried; combinations permitted", "why_it_matters": "Records changes that affect handling and subsequent preparation." }, { "name": "Bake and storage history", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to dated baking, opening, storage, freezing and thawing observations, including gaps", "why_it_matters": "Provides context for condition assessment when elapsed time alone is insufficient." }, { "name": "Deterioration assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "No signs observed, suspected deterioration, confirmed deterioration or unassessed; evidence and assessment time required", "why_it_matters": "Separates observed condition from unsupported assumptions about edibility." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify bread type and retain unresolved classification boundaries.", "Slice, tear or portion bread while preserving its relation to the original loaf or batch.", "Select bread for direct eating, toasting or recipe use based on composition and condition.", "Package, freeze or thaw bread using instructions appropriate to the recorded product.", "Assess whether bread needs further baking or other preparation before its intended use.", "Withhold bread from consumption pending assessment when deterioration or ingredient uncertainty conflicts with the intended use." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "fda-21cfr-136", "title": "Bakery Products, 21 CFR Part 136 - U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/part-136", "what_it_supports": "U.S. standard of identity for bread, rolls, and buns, including required ingredients and optional enrichments.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "codex-cxs-192", "title": "General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995), food category 07.1 Bread and ordinary bakery wares - Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "International food-category placement of bread and the additive framework that applies to it." }, { "id": "uk-bread-flour-1998", "title": "The Bread and Flour Regulations 1998 (SI 1998/141) - United Kingdom", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1998/141/contents/made", "what_it_supports": "Legal naming of bread in Great Britain and mandatory fortification of most wheat flour used for bread.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q13289", "title": "bread (Q13289) - Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13289", "what_it_supports": "Canonical linked-data identifier for the food concept.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "cauvain-breadmaking", "title": "Technology of Breadmaking - Stanley P. Cauvain (ed.), Springer", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Process, loaf types, moisture and volume ranges, staling, and bakery spoilage as used in cereal science." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "bread-identity-and-composition", "name": "Bread identity and composition", "description": "Establishes what makes the item bread and what its edible body contains.", "rationale": "Bread varies in grain basis, enrichment and leavening, so neither appearance nor a generic product label provides sufficient recognition or use information.", "layers": [ { "id": "bread-recognition", "name": "Bread recognition", "description": "Records the evidence for classifying the item as bread at the registry's granularity.", "findings": [ { "id": "bread-boundary-evidence", "name": "Bread boundary evidence", "description": "Retain the designation, dough basis and preparation evidence used to distinguish bread from neighbouring foods.", "questions": [ { "text": "What product designation, flour or meal dough basis and preparation evidence support recognising this item as bread?", "kind": "definition", "id": "bread-boundary-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Could this item instead be raw dough, cake, pastry, a cracker or a composite food, and what evidence settles that boundary?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bread-boundary-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "bread-formulation", "name": "Bread formulation", "description": "Records the flour or meal basis and additions relevant to identity and intended consumption.", "findings": [ { "id": "ingredient-evidence", "name": "Ingredient evidence", "description": "Represent composition through attributable declarations or preparation records, including unknown ingredients and cross-contact information.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which flour or meal types, liquids, fats, sweeteners, seeds and other additions are documented, and by which recipe or declaration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "ingredient-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does the available ingredient and cross-contact evidence support the intended dietary use, or is further verification needed?", "kind": "action", "id": "ingredient-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "baking-and-bread-structure", "name": "Baking and bread structure", "description": "Connects preparation history with the bread's resulting crust, crumb and physical form.", "rationale": "An agent needs to distinguish expected bread structure from incomplete preparation or an unsuitable texture without assuming all bread should rise or have a crisp crust.", "layers": [ { "id": "leavening-and-bake-completion", "name": "Leavening and bake completion", "description": "Records how the bread was leavened and whether its required baking is complete.", "findings": [ { "id": "preparation-status", "name": "Preparation status", "description": "Retain documented leavening and baking status, with explicit instructions for products requiring completion.", "questions": [ { "text": "What leavening method and baking history are documented for this bread?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "preparation-status-q01" }, { "text": "Is the bread fully baked, par-baked or of uncertain completion, and what verified preparation remains before its intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "preparation-status-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "crust-crumb-and-form", "name": "Crust, crumb and form", "description": "Describes the physical bread body at the scale needed for recognition and handling.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-bread-structure", "name": "Observed bread structure", "description": "Record crust and crumb observations separately, alongside dimensions relevant to portioning and preparation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the bread's mass, dimensions and, where applicable, slice thickness?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-bread-structure-q01" }, { "text": "What crust firmness, crumb softness and pore pattern are observed, and how do they compare with the documented expectations for this bread type?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-bread-structure-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "bread-condition-and-storage", "name": "Bread condition and storage", "description": "Records changes after baking and the evidence needed to interpret freshness and possible deterioration.", "rationale": "Bread can become unsuitable in texture without a settled safety judgment, while acceptable appearance alone cannot establish suitability for consumption.", "layers": [ { "id": "post-bake-history", "name": "Post-bake history", "description": "Connects the current bread to its cooling, packaging, opening and storage history.", "findings": [ { "id": "storage-exposure-record", "name": "Storage exposure record", "description": "Preserve relevant dates and storage observations rather than deriving condition from an unsupported universal shelf life.", "questions": [ { "text": "When was this bread baked, packaged, opened, frozen or thawed, and which dates are known rather than estimated?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "storage-exposure-record-q01" }, { "text": "What storage temperatures, packaging conditions and exposure to air or moisture are recorded?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "storage-exposure-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "texture-change-and-deterioration", "name": "Texture change and deterioration", "description": "Separates changes affecting eating quality from evidence requiring a deterioration assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-evidence-and-decision", "name": "Condition evidence and decision", "description": "Record dryness, firmness, unexpected moisture, visible growth and reported abnormal odour without equating a single observation with a complete assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What changes in crust, crumb, moisture, visible surface condition or reported odour have been observed, and when?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-evidence-and-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Given those observations and applicable food-handling guidance, should the bread be used, withheld for assessment or discarded?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-evidence-and-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "bread-portions-and-use", "name": "Bread portions and use", "description": "Tracks bread through portioning and preparation and determines whether it fits a proposed culinary use.", "rationale": "Whole loaves, slices, frozen portions and toasted bread offer different actions, and some transformations create an ingredient or composite food owned by a neighbouring model.", "layers": [ { "id": "portion-lineage-and-transformations", "name": "Portion lineage and transformations", "description": "Maintains the relationship between a bread item, its portions and subsequent treatments.", "findings": [ { "id": "bread-portion-continuity", "name": "Bread portion continuity", "description": "Record cutting and treatment history sufficiently to carry relevant composition and condition evidence into resulting portions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which loaf or batch did this slice, roll portion or bread fragment come from, and what treatments has it undergone?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "bread-portion-continuity-q01" }, { "text": "After crumbling, drying, filling or other transformation, does the result remain a bread instance or require a linked ingredient or composite-food model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bread-portion-continuity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "culinary-use-suitability", "name": "Culinary use suitability", "description": "Compares the bread's recorded properties with a specific proposed use.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-dependent-handling", "name": "Use-dependent handling", "description": "Choose preparation and handling from the bread's composition, completion state, dimensions and assessed condition.", "questions": [ { "text": "For the intended use, such as sandwich slices, toast or a soaked bread dish, are this bread's dimensions, texture and ingredients suitable?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-dependent-handling-q01" }, { "text": "What slicing, thawing, baking or toasting is required, and which product instructions or recipe requirements support that action?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-dependent-handling-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Yeast-leavened wheat loaf and pan bread", "Sourdough bread", "Rye and mixed rye-wheat bread", "Flatbreads (pita, lavash, chapati, wheat tortilla)", "Wholemeal and whole-grain bread", "Enriched breads (brioche, challah, milk bread)", "Chemically leavened quick breads (soda bread)", "Gluten-free breads" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of bread this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q13289", "note": "Item for bread as a food." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (HS)", "value_or_pattern": "1905", "note": "Chapter heading covering bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares; ordinary bread is usually 1905.90." }, { "scheme": "Codex GSFA food category", "value_or_pattern": "07.1 / 07.1.1", "note": "07.1 Bread and ordinary bakery wares; 07.1.1 Bread and rolls." }, { "scheme": "U.S. CFR standard of identity", "value_or_pattern": "21 CFR 136.110", "note": "Legal identity for bread, rolls, and buns in the United States." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of bread this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "U.S. Food and Drug Administration - 21 CFR Part 136 (standards of identity for bakery products, including bread, rolls, and buns).", "Codex Alimentarius Commission - CXS 192-1995 General Standard for Food Additives, category 07.1 Bread and ordinary bakery wares.", "United Kingdom - Bread and Flour Regulations 1998 (as amended), including flour fortification and composition rules for bread.", "France - Décret n° 93-1074 of 13 September 1993, defining pain de tradition française (restricted ingredients and process).", "European Union - Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers (allergen labelling, including cereals containing gluten).", "European Union - Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs, applied to bakeries and bread as a ready-to-eat food." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of bread this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Daily staple carbohydrate in much of Europe, West Asia, North Africa, and parts of the Americas, eaten as sliced loaf, rolls, or flatbread with meals.", "Carrier for sandwiches and toast in retail, food service, and household use.", "Produced as wrapped industrial sliced loaves, supermarket bake-off, and craft bakery goods.", "Liturgical and festive use (Eucharistic bread, challah, seasonal enriched loaves).", "Secondary products from surplus or stale loaves: breadcrumbs, stuffings, and in some systems animal feed." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of bread this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Crumb moisture (white pan bread)", "typical_range": "35-42", "unit": "g/100 g" }, { "quantity": "Water activity", "typical_range": "0.94-0.98", "unit": "aw" }, { "quantity": "Specific volume (commercial white pan bread)", "typical_range": "4-6", "unit": "mL/g" }, { "quantity": "Crumb pH", "typical_range": "5.0-6.0 (yeast); 3.5-4.6 (sourdough)", "unit": "pH" }, { "quantity": "Energy (white wheat bread)", "typical_range": "220-270", "unit": "kcal/100 g" }, { "quantity": "Sodium (packaged sliced bread)", "typical_range": "350-600", "unit": "mg/100 g" }, { "quantity": "Retail loaf mass", "typical_range": "400 or 800 (UK); about 450-680 (US sandwich loaves)", "unit": "g" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of bread this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Mould spoilage of high-aw crumb (Penicillium and related genera); heavy spoilage can raise mycotoxin concern.", "Rope spoilage from Bacillus subtilis in warm, relatively high-pH crumb.", "Staling by starch retrogradation (crumb firming), distinct from simple drying.", "Wheat gluten as a major allergen and as the protein that people with coeliac disease must avoid.", "Acrylamide formation in darker, hotter crusts.", "Choking and dysphagia hazard from soft, cohesive crumb, especially in young children and older adults.", "Public-health burden from typical sodium levels in commercial sliced bread.", "Process hazards in mills and bakeries, including flour-dust explosion and burns." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of bread this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "France treats baguette and pain de tradition française as legally constrained everyday breads, with additives restricted in the traditional product.", "Germany and neighbouring countries use rye and mixed rye-wheat (Mischbrot), including dense long-baked types such as Pumpernickel, as ordinary bread rather than a specialty.", "United Kingdom and Ireland centre on tin loaves; Ireland also treats soda bread as a common chemically leavened wheat bread; most bread-making flour is fortified.", "West Asia and North Africa treat pocket and sheet flatbreads (pita, khubz, lavash) as the default bread.", "South Asia uses unleavened whole-wheat roti/chapati and tandoor naan in the staple role that loaf bread occupies in northern Europe.", "Nordic countries keep crispbread (knäckebröd) as a parallel staple alongside soft loaves.", "East Asia historically centred on rice; wheat is often eaten as steamed buns, with baked shokupan-style loaves a later everyday form.", "In Mexico, pan (bolillo, telera) is distinguished in speech and meals from maize tortilla, which occupies the staple slot." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of bread this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Cake", "difference": "Cake is a high-sugar, high-fat batter product with a tender crumb; bread is a lower-sugar dough staple whose structure is mainly a developed gluten (or analogue) network." }, { "name": "Crackers and crispbread", "difference": "Dried to much lower moisture (typically well under 10 g/100 g) and sold as shelf-stable dry goods, not a moist crumb loaf." }, { "name": "Pastry", "difference": "Fat-continuous or laminated dough used as a shell or layered bakery good, not a leavened loaf eaten as the meal's staple starch." }, { "name": "Steamed bun (mantou and similar)", "difference": "Comparable wheat dough cooked by steam, so it lacks a baked Maillard crust." }, { "name": "Pizza", "difference": "Yeasted wheat dough baked as a topped meal base rather than as a sliced or torn loaf." }, { "name": "Maize tortilla", "difference": "Unleavened flatbread from nixtamalized maize masa; no wheat gluten network, and in many regions not named or sold as bread." }, { "name": "Pasta", "difference": "Durum (or other) wheat product shaped and cooked in water or dried, not baked into a crusted crumb." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of bread this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "How should the registry definition's baking requirement handle foods conventionally called bread that are steamed, fried or cooked on a griddle?", "Which authoritative classification conventions should resolve boundaries among enriched bread, cake, pastry, crispbread and crackers?", "Which bread-specific observations and validated methods can distinguish expected crumb characteristics, staling, incomplete baking and spoilage?", "What authoritative storage and disposition guidance applies to different bread formulations, packaging conditions and freezing or thawing histories?", "At what transformation point should breadcrumbs, croutons or other bread-derived ingredients become separate model instances rather than states of bread?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a bread, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "portable", "scale": "handheld" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "picked up and handled", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: breadstuff, staff of life, anadama bread, bap, barmbrack, breadstick, bread-stick, grissino, brown bread, Boston brown bread, bun, roll.", "97 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a bread, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Fits in a hand and is carried without help.", "Moved by a person without machinery.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "pick it up, hold it, put it somewhere else", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "breadstuff", "staff of life", "anadama bread", "bap", "barmbrack", "breadstick", "bread-stick", "grissino", "brown bread", "Boston brown bread", "bun", "roll" ] } ], "standing": "97 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one bread from another, and a bread from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a bread sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a bread from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a bread is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples at handheld scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a bread is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a bread is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a bread is, how it got there and where it may go (portable).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a bread is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a bread is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a bread passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a bread between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a bread, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a bread is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a bread and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a bread is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a bread performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a bread.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a bread at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a bread there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What bread is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name bread unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of bread exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How bread behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of bread, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is bread incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How bread can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is bread classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover bread, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a bread came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a bread and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a bread is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a bread, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a bread, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a bread is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }