{ "model": { "rank": 5023, "code": "thing-business", "model_id": "vr.tr.business", "name": "business", "purpose": "a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ORG", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/business/", "tier": 2, "score": 70, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "airline", "airline business", "airway", "bus line", "cable railway", "funicular", "funicular railway", "cog railway", "rack railway", "elevated railway", "elevated railroad", "elevated", "el", "overhead railway", "hypercoaster", "line", "metro", "tube", "underground", "subway system", "subway", "monorail", "rail", "railway", "railroad", "railroad line", "railway line", "railway system", "roller coaster", "big dipper", "chute-the-chute", "scenic railway", "steamship company", "steamship line", "transit line", "trolley line", "agency", "brokerage", "carrier", "common carrier" ], "aliasCount": 131, "merged": 70, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [ "organization" ], "lexicalClass": "noun.group", "senseRank": 0, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-08077878-n", "ili": "i79566", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:30:03Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08812-e6df-70a0-8be7-f0fb5ffd83ba\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: business\nSense to describe: a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it\nDomain code: SOC.ORG\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 68.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08812-e6e2-7e92-a1b6-cac2fc42dc15\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: business\nRegistry id: vr.tr.business\nPlane / domain: SOC / SOC.ORG\nRegistry definition: a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who cons" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-BUSINESS", "registryId": "vr.tr.business", "name": "business", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ORG" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/business/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.business", "name": "business", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a business as a commercial or industrial enterprise, assess its operating condition, and determine which actions are appropriate and authorised.", "definition": "A business is an organized commercial or industrial enterprise comprising people and coordinated resources that produces or supplies goods or services for customers, ordinarily with the aim of earning profit.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the business sense registered as vr.tr.business in SOC / SOC.ORG: a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it, including its commercial purpose, operating boundary, control, economic organisation, and continuity across changes.", "in_scope": [ "Enterprise identity and its relationship to owners, legal entities, trading names, and establishments", "Commercial or industrial activities, offerings, customers, and revenue arrangements", "People constituting the enterprise, their roles, and their decision rights", "Organisation of operating resources, delivery capabilities, and dependencies", "Economic condition, operating status, and transitions such as sale, merger, or closure" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Detailed corporate-law models of companies and other legal forms", "Personal identities and private affairs of owners, workers, and customers", "Detailed specifications of products, services, equipment, and premises", "Individual contracts, transactions, and accounting entries as standalone records", "Brands and intellectual property as independently owned assets", "Markets, industries, and economies beyond their relationship to this enterprise" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The referent is an organised commercial or industrial enterprise, rather than an isolated sale or the abstract activity of doing business.", "Its boundary encompasses coordinated activity and the people constituting it; a trading name, website, or building alone does not establish that boundary.", "Its legal representation must be established separately: business identity cannot be inferred solely from incorporation or a company name.", "A branch or establishment counts as this business only if the chosen enterprise boundary supports that treatment; a separate address alone is insufficient.", "A change of personnel, brand, premises, or ownership requires a continuity assessment rather than automatically creating a different business." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Enterprise boundary", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Included legal entities, establishments, operating units, and constituent roles, with effective dates", "why_it_matters": "Determines whose activities, resources, and results belong to the business." }, { "name": "Commercial activity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Declared and observed commercial or industrial activities; classification scheme and version where used", "why_it_matters": "Identifies what the enterprise actually does and which operating constraints may apply." }, { "name": "Legal and trading representation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to legal persons, proprietors, trading names, registrations, and relevant jurisdictions", "why_it_matters": "Connects the enterprise to the parties that hold rights, assume obligations, and transact." }, { "name": "Control and authority", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Owners, controllers, governing bodies, and delegated roles with scope, limits, and effective dates", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes ownership from authority to make a particular decision." }, { "name": "Workforce composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Persons and full-time equivalents by role and engagement type, with date and inclusion rules", "why_it_matters": "Shows the human capacity constituting and sustaining the enterprise without treating every supplier as staff." }, { "name": "Revenue arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Sales, subscriptions, usage charges, commissions, licensing, other specified arrangements, or not yet established", "why_it_matters": "Explains who pays for which offering and under what commercial mechanism." }, { "name": "Liquidity position", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Available cash and committed obligations by time horizon, currency, reporting boundary, and observation date", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of whether near-term operations and commitments can be funded." }, { "name": "Operating condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Forming, pre-revenue, trading, temporarily suspended, winding down, ceased, or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes commercial activity from legal registration status and limits appropriate actions." }, { "name": "Critical dependencies", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to essential people, suppliers, customers, finance, assets, platforms, and permissions, with substitution constraints", "why_it_matters": "Identifies dependencies whose loss could interrupt trade or undermine viability." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a business reference to the appropriate enterprise boundary and its legal representatives.", "Assess operating condition using dated evidence about delivery capacity, demand, and finances.", "Route a proposed commercial commitment to the person or body with the required authority.", "Compare offerings, revenue arrangements, and dependencies to identify operating gaps.", "Evaluate the likely consequences of losing a critical customer, supplier, worker, or funding source.", "Record a sale, restructuring, suspension, or closure while preserving supported continuity links." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "enterprise-identity-and-boundary", "name": "Enterprise identity and boundary", "description": "Establishes which commercial enterprise is being modelled and how its identity relates to legal and operating units.", "rationale": "Business names, legal entities, establishments, and enterprise groups can describe different boundaries; an agent must resolve these before attributing activity or obligations.", "layers": [ { "id": "enterprise-recognition", "name": "Enterprise recognition", "description": "Identifies the enterprise behind names and descriptions of commercial activity.", "findings": [ { "id": "business-referent", "name": "Business referent", "description": "Record the evidence identifying an organised enterprise and the names used to refer to it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organised commercial or industrial enterprise does this reference identify, rather than a brand, premises, or isolated transaction?", "kind": "definition", "id": "business-referent-q01" }, { "text": "Which dated records establish its trading names, activity, and claimed continuity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "business-referent-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-and-operating-perimeter", "name": "Legal and operating perimeter", "description": "Relates the enterprise to the parties and units through which it operates.", "findings": [ { "id": "enterprise-perimeter", "name": "Enterprise perimeter", "description": "Record included legal entities and establishments, distinguishing enterprise membership from external commercial relationships.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which proprietors, legal entities, branches, and operating units fall within this business boundary?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "enterprise-perimeter-q01" }, { "text": "Which registration identifiers and jurisdictions identify those parties, and which sources verify the mappings?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "enterprise-perimeter-q02" }, { "text": "Are franchisees, subsidiaries, or joint ventures included, linked as separate businesses, or unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "enterprise-perimeter-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "commercial-purpose-and-exchange", "name": "Commercial purpose and exchange", "description": "Describes what the business offers, whom it serves, and how it expects to receive revenue.", "rationale": "An enterprise's commercial logic is needed to distinguish intended activity from actual trade and to assess whether its operations support its purpose.", "layers": [ { "id": "offerings-and-customers", "name": "Offerings and customers", "description": "Connects the enterprise's products or services to the needs and parties they serve.", "findings": [ { "id": "customer-offering-fit", "name": "Customer and offering relationship", "description": "Record material offerings, intended users, paying customers, and evidence of actual demand.", "questions": [ { "text": "What products or services does this business offer, and which customer needs are they intended to meet?", "kind": "definition", "id": "customer-offering-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Who uses the offering, who pays, and where do those roles differ?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "customer-offering-fit-q02" }, { "text": "What dated evidence distinguishes actual customers and demand from target segments or forecasts?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "customer-offering-fit-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "revenue-and-market-access", "name": "Revenue and market access", "description": "Explains the mechanisms and channels through which the enterprise earns revenue.", "findings": [ { "id": "commercial-exchange-mechanism", "name": "Commercial exchange mechanism", "description": "Record how offerings become paid exchanges and which channels mediate those exchanges.", "questions": [ { "text": "What triggers a charge, who owes it, and which pricing and payment arrangements govern each material revenue stream?", "kind": "definition", "id": "commercial-exchange-mechanism-q01" }, { "text": "How much revenue depends on each offering, customer, or sales channel over a specified period and reporting boundary?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "commercial-exchange-mechanism-q02" }, { "text": "Which roles may approve prices, discounts, credit terms, or changes to sales channels?", "kind": "action", "id": "commercial-exchange-mechanism-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-control-and-authority", "name": "People, control, and authority", "description": "Represents the people constituting the business and the allocation of control and commercial decision rights.", "rationale": "The registry definition includes people, while safe action requires distinguishing participation, ownership, control, and delegated authority.", "layers": [ { "id": "constituent-people-and-roles", "name": "Constituent people and roles", "description": "Establishes how owners, managers, workers, and other participants contribute to the enterprise.", "findings": [ { "id": "workforce-and-role-boundary", "name": "Workforce and role boundary", "description": "Record business roles and engagement relationships without assuming all contributors are employees or all owners work in the business.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which owners, managers, employees, and other participants constitute this enterprise, and on what basis are they included?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "workforce-and-role-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which roles and skills are necessary to continue delivering the business's material offerings?", "kind": "definition", "id": "workforce-and-role-boundary-q02" }, { "text": "What workforce capacity is available by role and engagement type at the assessment date?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "workforce-and-role-boundary-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "control-and-commercial-decisions", "name": "Control and commercial decisions", "description": "Separates economic interests, governing control, and authority to commit the business.", "findings": [ { "id": "decision-rights-and-limits", "name": "Decision rights and limits", "description": "Record the source, scope, and limits of authority for material business decisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which instruments or records establish ownership, governing control, and delegated decision rights?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "decision-rights-and-limits-q01" }, { "text": "Who may hire, borrow, enter contracts, dispose of assets, or cease trading, and what limits or joint approvals apply?", "kind": "action", "id": "decision-rights-and-limits-q02" }, { "text": "Which legal party would be committed by the proposed action, and does the actor's authority extend to that party?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "decision-rights-and-limits-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "delivery-capability-and-dependencies", "name": "Delivery capability and dependencies", "description": "Connects commercial promises to the operating capabilities and external relationships needed to fulfil them.", "rationale": "A business may have customers and legal existence while lacking the resources or permissions to deliver; the model must expose that difference.", "layers": [ { "id": "operating-capability", "name": "Operating capability", "description": "Describes how the enterprise produces, sources, and delivers its offerings.", "findings": [ { "id": "promise-to-delivery-capacity", "name": "Promise-to-delivery capacity", "description": "Record the core activities and available resources supporting current commercial commitments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which activities must the business perform or procure to fulfil its material customer commitments?", "kind": "definition", "id": "promise-to-delivery-capacity-q01" }, { "text": "What capacity, backlog, lead-time, or quality evidence shows whether those commitments can be met?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "promise-to-delivery-capacity-q02" }, { "text": "Which premises, equipment, systems, or inventories are controlled by the business, and which are accessed through others?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "promise-to-delivery-capacity-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "critical-dependencies-and-permissions", "name": "Critical dependencies and permissions", "description": "Identifies external access and relationships whose interruption could prevent operation.", "findings": [ { "id": "operating-dependency-exposure", "name": "Operating dependency exposure", "description": "Record essential counterparties, infrastructure access, and evidenced permissions together with interruption consequences.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which suppliers, platforms, financiers, key people, or customers are difficult to replace, and how long would substitution take?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "operating-dependency-exposure-q01" }, { "text": "Which sources establish the permissions or contractual rights needed for the business's actual activities and locations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "operating-dependency-exposure-q02" }, { "text": "What authorised response is available if a critical dependency fails or a necessary permission expires?", "kind": "action", "id": "operating-dependency-exposure-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "economic-condition-and-continuity", "name": "Economic condition and continuity", "description": "Assesses the enterprise's economic position and records transitions affecting trade and identity.", "rationale": "Revenue, profitability, cash availability, legal status, and continued operation answer different questions and must be assessed with consistent boundaries.", "layers": [ { "id": "financial-operating-condition", "name": "Financial operating condition", "description": "Relates business income, costs, cash resources, and obligations to the ability to sustain operations.", "findings": [ { "id": "economic-assessment-basis", "name": "Economic assessment basis", "description": "Record dated financial indicators with their enterprise perimeter, accounting basis, and uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do available revenue, cost, and operating-result measures show for a stated period, currency, and enterprise boundary?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "economic-assessment-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What cash and committed funding are available against obligations falling due over the assessment horizon?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "economic-assessment-basis-q02" }, { "text": "Which figures come from accounts, management estimates, or forecasts, and what limitations affect their comparability?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "economic-assessment-basis-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operating-status-and-transitions", "name": "Operating status and transitions", "description": "Tracks commencement, interruption, restructuring, transfer, and cessation of business activity.", "findings": [ { "id": "business-continuity-assessment", "name": "Business continuity assessment", "description": "Record operating status separately from legal status and evaluate identity continuity through material changes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dated evidence establishes whether this business is forming, trading, suspended, winding down, or ceased?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "business-continuity-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "After a sale, merger, split, or change of operator, which activities and relationships continue, and does the same enterprise boundary remain defensible?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "business-continuity-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "Which authorised actions and unresolved commitments must be addressed before a transfer, suspension, or closure is treated as complete?", "kind": "action", "id": "business-continuity-assessment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; identifier eligibility and applicable reporting requirements should be checked for the jurisdiction and legal form.", "The listed kinds overlap: ownership, legal form and social purpose are different classification dimensions.", "A business need not have separate legal personality; its boundaries may differ from those of a legal entity, corporate group or statistical enterprise." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of business this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Sole proprietorship", "Partnership", "Corporation", "Cooperative enterprise", "State-owned enterprise", "Social enterprise" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of business this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Legal Entity Identifier (LEI)", "value_or_pattern": "20-character alphanumeric identifier", "note": "Identifies eligible legal entities under ISO 17442; not every business has an LEI." }, { "scheme": "National business or company register number", "value_or_pattern": "Jurisdiction-specific identifier", "note": "Identifies a registered entity or enterprise; coverage and the unit identified depend on the register." }, { "scheme": "Taxpayer identification number", "value_or_pattern": "Jurisdiction-specific identifier", "note": "Identifies the taxpayer, which may be the proprietor rather than a separate business entity." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of business this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 17442, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, defines the Legal Entity Identifier framework.", "IFRS Accounting Standards, issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, provide financial reporting requirements where adopted or permitted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of business this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Organizing production and the sale of goods or services", "Coordinating workers, suppliers, assets and finance", "Providing a continuing enterprise through which owners pursue commercial objectives", "Serving as a unit for economic statistics, valuation and business analysis", "Organizing responsibility for commercial decisions and performance" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of business this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Employment", "typical_range": "From no employees in an owner-operated business to very large workforces", "unit": "Employee headcount or full-time equivalents" }, { "quantity": "Revenue", "typical_range": "Varies substantially with size, industry and reporting period", "unit": "Currency per reporting period" }, { "quantity": "Net profit or loss", "typical_range": "May be negative, zero or positive", "unit": "Currency per reporting period" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of business this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Insufficient cash to meet obligations, even when accounting profits are positive", "Persistent losses or loss of customer demand", "Governance failures, fraud or conflicts of interest", "Operational disruption through supplier failure, equipment breakdown or loss of critical personnel", "Harm to workers, customers or the environment arising from business activities" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of business this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Available legal forms, registration requirements and treatment of owner liability vary by jurisdiction.", "Accounting, taxation, employment and insolvency rules vary by jurisdiction and enterprise type.", "Definitions of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises differ across statistical and policy systems." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of business this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Company", "difference": "A company is a legally constituted organizational form; a business may instead operate through a sole proprietor, partnership or other arrangement." }, { "name": "Business activity", "difference": "Business activity is the conduct of commerce or production; this sense denotes the enterprise and its participants." }, { "name": "Establishment", "difference": "An establishment is generally a local operating unit; one business may operate several establishments." }, { "name": "Workforce", "difference": "The workforce comprises the people working in the enterprise; the business also includes organizational relationships and resources and can continue despite personnel changes." }, { "name": "Brand", "difference": "A brand is a market-facing identity; a business may own several brands or transfer one to another business." }, { "name": "Business premises", "difference": "Premises are physical locations used by the enterprise; relocation does not necessarily change the business's identity." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of business this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover this enterprise concept, requiring the registry entry to link to it instead of receiving a separate publication?", "How does the registry distinguish business from company, enterprise, establishment, and commercial activity, especially for sole proprietors and enterprise groups?", "What inclusion rule should represent the people constituting a business when contractors, working owners, franchise operators, and outsourced teams participate?", "Which evidence and continuity criteria should determine whether a sale, merger, or restructuring preserves the business identity or creates a successor?", "Which jurisdiction-specific sources and sector-specific extensions are needed to verify registration, trading permissions, decision authority, and financial-condition terminology?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 38 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a business, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: airline, airline business, airway, bus line, cable railway, funicular, funicular railway, cog railway, rack railway, elevated railway, elevated railroad, elevated.", "70 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a business, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Acts through people, and only through them." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "airline", "airline business", "airway", "bus line", "cable railway", "funicular", "funicular railway", "cog railway", "rack railway", "elevated railway", "elevated railroad", "elevated" ] } ], "standing": "70 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one business from another, and a business from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a business, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a business, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a business is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a business, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a business, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a business is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a business sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a business, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a business, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a business is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a business from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a business, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a business, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a business is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a business passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a business between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a business, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a business, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a business is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a business, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a business is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a business, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a business, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a business is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a business.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a business and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a business, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a business, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a business, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a business is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a business and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a business sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a business, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a business, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a business is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What business is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does business take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of business, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in business and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of business may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does business have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a business came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a business and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a business, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a business, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a business is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a business is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a business, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a business, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a business is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }