{ "model": { "rank": 3543, "code": "thing-character-2", "model_id": "vr.tr.character-2", "name": "character", "purpose": "a written symbol that is used to represent speech", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/character-2/", "tier": 2, "score": 84, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "graph", "grapheme", "graphic symbol", "allograph", "check character", "superscript", "superior", "subscript", "inferior", "control character", "ASCII control character", "backspace character", "ligature", "capital", "capital letter", "uppercase", "upper-case letter", "majuscule", "small letter", "lowercase", "lower-case letter", "minuscule", "small capital", "small cap", "percent sign", "percentage sign", "asterisk", "star", "dagger", "obelisk", "double dagger", "double obelisk", "diesis", "letter", "letter of the alphabet", "alphabetic character", "ascender", "descender", "digraph", "digram" ], "aliasCount": 112, "merged": 84, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "readable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.communication", "senseRank": 7, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-06831828-n", "ili": "i72328", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:30:41Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 26.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c46-2bd1-7f23-8afe-ebd306bd9841\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: character\nSense to describe: a written symbol that is used to represent speech\nDomain code: INF.MED\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 10", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 73, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c46-2be0-7102-870b-1b4ea760a67e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: character\nRegistry id: vr.tr.character-2\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.MED\nRegistry definition: a written symbol that is used to represent speech\nNames f" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-CHARACTER-2", "registryId": "vr.tr.character-2", "name": "character", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/character-2/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.character-2", "name": "character", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a written character, assess its identity and interpretation in context, and choose operations that preserve its intended linguistic distinctions.", "definition": "A character is a conventional written symbol used within a writing system to represent a unit of language, such as a speech sound, syllable or morpheme.", "scope_statement": "This model covers character in registry entry vr.tr.character-2: a written symbol used to represent speech, within INF / INF.MED. It owns character identity, writing-system membership, linguistic function, graphic variation and representation, while distinguishing the character from its rendered instances and digital encodings.", "in_scope": [ "Character identity within a specified script or orthographic tradition", "Relations to represented speech units and context-dependent readings", "Graphic variants and combinations that affect character recognition", "Digital representations and their correspondence to character identity", "Recognition uncertainty and conditions for safe transcription or substitution" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Fictional persons, personality traits and other senses of character", "Complete languages, speech systems and writing systems", "Words, sentences and documents as composed linguistic works", "Fonts, typefaces and glyph designs as independently managed artifacts", "Physical inscriptions, pages and display devices as material carriers", "Encoding standards and text-processing software as complete systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The symbol must have an attested linguistic role in a writing convention; visual resemblance to writing alone does not establish character status.", "A change of handwriting or typeface need not change character identity; determine whether the relevant orthography treats the forms as equivalent.", "A character identity and a digital code point are separate descriptions; establish their correspondence rather than assuming a one-to-one mapping.", "Identical-looking forms may have different identities in different scripts or conventions; appearance alone is insufficient.", "The character is a repeatable symbolic identity; a particular printed or handwritten occurrence is an instance carrying contextual evidence." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Writing-system membership", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Script and orthographic tradition, with language and period where relevant", "why_it_matters": "Establishes the conventions under which a form has a linguistic identity." }, { "name": "Speech-representation function", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Segmental, syllabic, morphographic, auxiliary, mixed or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Guides interpretation without assuming that every character denotes one sound." }, { "name": "Contextual reading", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Supported reading linked to language, surrounding characters and usage conditions", "why_it_matters": "Prevents assigning a single pronunciation where interpretation depends on context." }, { "name": "Graphic equivalence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Form-to-identity relation: accepted variant, distinct character, disputed or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Separates harmless visual variation from distinctions that transcription must preserve." }, { "name": "Combination behaviour", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Independent, combining, contextually joining, convention-dependent or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Helps determine whether a visible component can be interpreted or manipulated independently." }, { "name": "Digital representation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Encoding standard and version, code point or sequence, and mapping evidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports storage and interchange without equating encoding units with linguistic units." }, { "name": "Usage status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Current, historical, specialised, obsolete, disputed or unknown within a named community", "why_it_matters": "Constrains substitution and interpretation to the appropriate usage tradition." }, { "name": "Identification status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Resolved, provisional, ambiguous or illegible for a particular occurrence", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether an agent can commit to a transcription or must retain alternatives." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a character from an occurrence using graphic, script and linguistic context.", "Record competing identifications and the evidence needed to distinguish them.", "Associate a character with supported contextual readings and orthographic functions.", "Transcribe or encode a character while preserving its source form and unresolved distinctions.", "Compare variants and propose substitutions under explicit orthographic rules.", "Flag transformations that could merge distinct characters or lose evidence." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Identity and boundaries", "description": "Determine what counts as this character and which neighbouring symbolic units remain distinct.", "rationale": "A visible mark, character identity and orthographic unit cannot safely be treated as interchangeable.", "layers": [ { "id": "writing-convention", "name": "Writing convention", "description": "Locate character identity within the conventions that establish its linguistic use.", "findings": [ { "id": "character-membership", "name": "Character membership", "description": "Record the script, orthography and evidence supporting recognition as a character.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which script and orthographic tradition recognise this symbol, and under what name or identifier?", "kind": "definition", "id": "character-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Which attested usage or authoritative description supports its membership in that tradition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "character-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "unit-boundaries", "name": "Unit boundaries", "description": "Separate character identity from glyphs, components and larger orthographic units.", "findings": [ { "id": "segmentation-and-identity", "name": "Segmentation and identity", "description": "Make explicit whether a form is one character, a component or a combination under the relevant convention.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the orthography treat this form as one character, part of a character or a sequence of characters?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "segmentation-and-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes this character from a similar glyph or a larger graphemic unit?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "segmentation-and-identity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "linguistic-function", "name": "Linguistic function", "description": "Describe how the character participates in representing speech.", "rationale": "Interpretation requires the relevant language and orthographic rules, not an assumed fixed sound value.", "layers": [ { "id": "represented-unit", "name": "Represented unit", "description": "Identify the linguistic contribution attributed to the character.", "findings": [ { "id": "speech-correspondence", "name": "Speech correspondence", "description": "Record whether and how the character represents a speech unit or modifies its representation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What speech unit or speech-related distinction does this character represent in the specified orthography?", "kind": "definition", "id": "speech-correspondence-q01" }, { "text": "Does its contribution require other characters, and which combinations establish that contribution?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "speech-correspondence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reading-conditions", "name": "Reading conditions", "description": "Capture the conditions that select among possible readings.", "findings": [ { "id": "context-dependent-readings", "name": "Context-dependent readings", "description": "Associate readings with their linguistic context and supporting evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which readings are supported for each relevant language, period and surrounding-character context?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "context-dependent-readings-q01" }, { "text": "When context leaves multiple readings possible, what alternatives must an agent retain?", "kind": "action", "id": "context-dependent-readings-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "graphic-realisation", "name": "Graphic realisation", "description": "Describe the visible evidence used to recognise the character across forms and combinations.", "rationale": "Recognition must tolerate permitted variation while preserving graphic distinctions that carry identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnostic-form", "name": "Diagnostic form", "description": "Identify graphic features that distinguish the character from plausible alternatives.", "findings": [ { "id": "recognition-features", "name": "Recognition features", "description": "Record distinguishing components and ambiguities in observed forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which components, marks or spatial relations distinguish this character from its nearest visual confusables?", "kind": "definition", "id": "recognition-features-q01" }, { "text": "Which distinguishing features remain observable in the occurrence being identified?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "recognition-features-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "variants-and-combinations", "name": "Variants and combinations", "description": "Handle alternative forms, joining behaviour and attached marks without losing identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-equivalence", "name": "Form equivalence", "description": "Record the conventions under which graphic differences preserve or change character identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which handwritten, typographic or positional forms count as variants of this character in the relevant tradition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "form-equivalence-q01" }, { "text": "When a mark is added, removed or joined, does the result retain this identity, form a combination or become another character?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "form-equivalence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "encoding-and-transcription", "name": "Encoding and transcription", "description": "Connect character identity to digital representations and controlled transformations.", "rationale": "A transcription can display plausibly while encoding a different identity or discarding a meaningful distinction.", "layers": [ { "id": "representation-mapping", "name": "Representation mapping", "description": "Document how the character is represented in a specified encoding environment.", "findings": [ { "id": "encoding-correspondence", "name": "Encoding correspondence", "description": "Record supported code points or sequences and limits of their correspondence to the character.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which code point or sequence represents this character in the named encoding standard and version?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "encoding-correspondence-q01" }, { "text": "Does that representation uniquely identify this character, or does interpretation require additional script or orthographic context?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "encoding-correspondence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transformation-policy", "name": "Transformation policy", "description": "Specify when transcription and text transformations preserve the distinctions required by the task.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-transformations", "name": "Permitted transformations", "description": "Assess changes against character identity, source fidelity and the intended use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which proposed normalisation, case conversion or substitution preserves the distinctions required by this task?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-transformations-q01" }, { "text": "What source form and mapping record must be retained when transliteration or fallback representation changes or loses distinctions?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-transformations-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "attestation-and-interpretive-state", "name": "Attestation and interpretive state", "description": "Track where character claims apply and whether an observed occurrence can be interpreted reliably.", "rationale": "Historical usage and ambiguous occurrences require qualified identifications rather than unconditional assignments.", "layers": [ { "id": "usage-context", "name": "Usage context", "description": "Locate the character's use in a community, period and orthographic practice.", "findings": [ { "id": "attested-use", "name": "Attested use", "description": "Separate documented use from proposed, reconstructed or disputed character assignments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dated examples or reference works attest this character in the specified writing community?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attested-use-q01" }, { "text": "Is its status current, historical, specialised or disputed within that community, and what supports that assessment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attested-use-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "occurrence-assessment", "name": "Occurrence assessment", "description": "Assess uncertainty when mapping a particular inscription or rendering to a character identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "identification-decision", "name": "Identification decision", "description": "Record candidate identities, missing evidence and the permissible next step.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which candidate characters remain compatible with the visible form and linguistic context?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identification-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Should the agent commit a transcription, preserve alternatives or request a clearer image or specialist review?", "kind": "action", "id": "identification-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This covers the linguistic written-symbol sense; the broader computing sense also includes punctuation, controls and other encoded elements.", "Logographic characters generally represent linguistic units rather than directly specifying pronunciation; representing speech should not imply a purely phonetic system.", "Character, grapheme and user-perceived character are not interchangeable; a researcher should establish the intended unit for any inventory or measurement." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of character this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Alphabetic letters", "Consonant letters in abjads", "Syllabic characters", "Logographic characters", "Vowel signs", "Diacritical marks" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of character this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Unicode code point notation", "value_or_pattern": "U+0041", "note": "Identifies LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A; a written character may require multiple Unicode code points." }, { "scheme": "Unicode character name", "value_or_pattern": "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A", "note": "A standardized name for an encoded character, distinct from its pronunciation or language-specific letter name." }, { "scheme": "ISO 15924", "value_or_pattern": "Latn", "note": "Identifies the Latin script, not an individual character; script codes provide classification context." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of character this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The Unicode Standard - Unicode Consortium: character encoding, properties and text-processing specifications.", "ISO/IEC 10646 - ISO and IEC: the Universal Coded Character Set.", "Unicode Standard Annex #15, Unicode Normalization Forms - Unicode Consortium: normalization of equivalent encoded sequences.", "Unicode Standard Annex #29, Unicode Text Segmentation - Unicode Consortium: default boundaries for grapheme clusters and other text units.", "ISO 15924 - ISO: codes for the representation of names of scripts." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of character this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Recording language in handwriting, print and digital text.", "Teaching reading, spelling and writing.", "Transcribing speech with phonetic symbols.", "Encoding, searching and exchanging textual information.", "Recognizing written language through optical character recognition." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of character this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Unicode code points per user-perceived character", "typical_range": "One or more; no single fixed count applies across writing systems and combining sequences.", "unit": "code points" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of character this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Confusing characters with glyphs or code points causes incorrect counting, selection and editing.", "Incorrect encoding interpretation produces garbled text or replacement characters.", "Missing fonts or inadequate shaping support makes characters unreadable or renders them incorrectly.", "Visually confusable characters can cause transcription errors and facilitate identifier spoofing.", "Naive comparison or diacritic removal can miss equivalent sequences or erase meaningful distinctions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of character this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The same character can represent different sounds in different languages and orthographies.", "Chinese character use includes simplified and traditional conventions, with additional regional differences in preferred forms.", "Letter inventories, diacritic use and alphabetic ordering vary among languages sharing a script." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of character this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "glyph", "difference": "A glyph is a rendered visual form; one character can have several glyphs, and one glyph can render several characters." }, { "name": "grapheme", "difference": "A grapheme is a contrastive unit of a particular writing system and can comprise more than one character." }, { "name": "code point", "difference": "A code point is a numerical position in a coded character set; it is an encoding concept rather than a linguistic symbol." }, { "name": "phoneme", "difference": "A phoneme is a contrastive sound unit in a language; a character is written, and their correspondence need not be one-to-one." }, { "name": "letter", "difference": "A letter is a character belonging to an alphabet or comparable letter inventory; syllabic and logographic characters need not be letters." }, { "name": "script", "difference": "A script is a system or repertoire of written signs; a character is an individual symbol used within it." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of character this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry definition include punctuation, numerals and other auxiliary writing signs whose relationship to speech is indirect?", "Which sources should govern character identity when orthographic practice, historical scholarship and encoding standards use different boundaries?", "When should visually identical symbols used across scripts or languages share a character identity, and when should they remain distinct?", "How should this model align character, grapheme, combining component and user-perceived text unit without assuming universal equivalence?", "What evidence threshold should permit automatic identification or substitution for historical, damaged or poorly documented character forms?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a character, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "a written symbol that is used to represent speech", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: graph, grapheme, graphic symbol, allograph, check character, superscript, superior, subscript, inferior, control character, ASCII control character, backspace character.", "84 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a character, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "graph", "grapheme", "graphic symbol", "allograph", "check character", "superscript", "superior", "subscript", "inferior", "control character", "ASCII control character", "backspace character" ] } ], "standing": "84 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one character from another, and a character from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a character, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a character, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a character is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a character, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a character, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a character is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a character sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a character, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a character, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a character is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a character from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a character, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a character, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a character is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a character passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a character between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a character, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a character, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a character is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a character, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a character is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a character, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a character, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a character is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a character says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a character contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a character, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a character, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a character is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a character and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a character, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a character, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a character is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of character a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For character, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of character exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made character and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to character, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in character, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a character came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a character and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a character, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a character, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a character is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a character is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a character, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a character, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a character is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }