{ "model": { "rank": 2315, "code": "thing-energy", "model_id": "vr.tr.energy", "name": "energy", "purpose": "(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.FLW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/energy/", "tier": 2, "score": 109, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "actinic radiation", "actinic ray", "activation energy", "energy of activation", "alternating current", "AC", "alternating electric current", "alternative energy", "atomic energy", "nuclear energy", "atomic power", "nuclear power", "aureole", "corona", "autofluorescence", "beam", "beam of light", "light beam", "ray", "ray of light", "shaft", "shaft of light", "irradiation", "electron beam", "cathode ray", "binding energy", "separation energy", "black-body radiation", "blackbody radiation", "candlelight", "candle flame", "ionizing radiation", "chemical energy", "cosmic background radiation", "CBR", "cosmic microwave background radiation", "CMBR", "cosmic microwave background", "CMB", "cosmic radiation" ], "aliasCount": 176, "merged": 109, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "energy", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.phenomenon", "senseRank": 0, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-11472635-n", "ili": "i97771", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:00:01Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-ENERGY", "registryId": "vr.tr.energy", "name": "energy", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.FLW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/energy/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.energy", "name": "energy", "purpose": "Let an agent handle energy with its form, quantity, unit and conversion, and keep energy separate from power and from everyday uses of the word.", "definition": "In physics, a conserved quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work, existing in forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical and radiant energy, measured in joules.", "what_it_is_for": "Explaining physical change and powering everything people do, from food to electricity.", "affordances": [ "measure it, in joules or kilowatt-hours", "convert it between forms, with losses", "store it, in batteries, fuels and reservoirs", "transmit it, as electricity or heat" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Conserved in isolated systems", "Different from power, which is energy per time", "Converted between forms, never created", "Activation energy and alternating current are related concepts, not forms" ], "appearance": "Not visible itself; seen through its effects: motion, heat, light, electric current.", "visual_identification": [ "Values in J, kWh, cal or eV", "Meters on electricity and gas supplies", "Power (W) is a rate, not energy" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "SI unit", "typical_range": "joule", "unit": "J", "note": "1 kWh = 3.6 MJ" }, { "quantity": "food energy", "typical_range": "1 kcal = 4.184", "unit": "kJ", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "kinetic and potential", "thermal", "chemical", "electrical", "radiant", "nuclear" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "power", "why": "rate of energy transfer" }, { "relation": "is measured by", "target": "efficiency", "why": "useful output over input" }, { "relation": "is supplied as", "target": "electricity and fuel", "why": "energy carriers" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "physical quantity", "why": "SI derived quantity" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "SI unit symbol", "value_or_pattern": "J", "note": "joule" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "SI Brochure", "Energy market and metering regulation", "Energy labelling and efficiency law" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing kW and kWh", "Stored energy hazards: batteries, pressure, height", "Electrical shock and arc flash" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "form-and-quantity", "name": "Form and quantity", "description": "What energy and how much.", "rationale": "Form and amount are the basic facts.", "layers": [ { "id": "form", "name": "Form", "description": "Kinetic, thermal, chemical.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-finding", "name": "Form", "description": "The form of energy.", "questions": [ { "text": "In what form is the energy?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What system holds it?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "amount", "name": "Amount", "description": "Joules or kWh.", "findings": [ { "id": "amount-finding", "name": "Amount", "description": "The quantity and unit.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much energy, in which unit?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Is this energy or power?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "conversion", "name": "Conversion", "description": "Changing form.", "rationale": "Every conversion has losses.", "layers": [ { "id": "process", "name": "Process", "description": "How it converts.", "findings": [ { "id": "process-finding", "name": "Conversion", "description": "The conversion process.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which conversion takes place?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How efficient is it?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "losses", "name": "Losses", "description": "Heat and other losses.", "findings": [ { "id": "losses-finding", "name": "Losses", "description": "Where energy is lost.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is energy lost?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Can losses be reduced?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-and-supply", "name": "Storage and supply", "description": "Keeping and delivering energy.", "rationale": "Storage and supply shape energy systems.", "layers": [ { "id": "storage", "name": "Storage", "description": "Batteries, fuels, reservoirs.", "findings": [ { "id": "storage-finding", "name": "Storage", "description": "How energy is stored.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is energy stored, and how much?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "What hazards does the store present?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply", "name": "Supply", "description": "Electricity and fuels.", "findings": [ { "id": "supply-finding", "name": "Supply", "description": "Supply and metering.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is it supplied and metered?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What does it cost per kWh?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Released energy.", "rationale": "Uncontrolled release of energy causes injury.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazards", "name": "Hazards", "description": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical.", "findings": [ { "id": "hazards-finding", "name": "Hazards", "description": "Hazards from stored energy.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which hazards come from this energy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How is it isolated before work?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "limits", "name": "Limits", "description": "Standards and limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "limits-finding", "name": "Limits", "description": "Applicable limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which safety standards apply?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who is qualified to work on it?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should forms of energy be separate entries?", "How should energy carriers be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases such as alternating current; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "generic", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a energy, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs", "characteristics": { "substance": "energy", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: actinic radiation, actinic ray, activation energy, energy of activation, alternating current, AC, alternating electric current, alternative energy, atomic energy, nuclear energy, atomic power, nuclear power.", "109 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a energy, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "energy or a flow of it", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "actinic radiation", "actinic ray", "activation energy", "energy of activation", "alternating current", "AC", "alternating electric current", "alternative energy", "atomic energy", "nuclear energy", "atomic power", "nuclear power" ] } ], "standing": "109 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one energy from another, and a energy from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a energy sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a energy from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a energy is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a energy is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a energy is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a energy passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a energy between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a energy, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a energy is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a energy came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a energy and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a energy is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 9, "findings": 11, "questions": 33 } } } }