{ "model": { "rank": 9832, "code": "thing-force-phenomenon", "model_id": "vr.tr.force-phenomenon", "name": "force", "purpose": "(physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.FLW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/force-phenomenon/", "tier": 2, "score": 46, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "aerodynamic force", "aerodynamic lift", "lift", "ground effect", "affinity", "chemical attraction", "attraction", "attractive force", "repulsion", "repulsive force", "centrifugal force", "centripetal force", "chemical bond", "bond", "cohesion", "covalent bond", "cross-link", "cross-linkage", "hydrogen bond", "ionic bond", "electrovalent bond", "electrostatic bond", "double bond", "coordinate bond", "dative bond", "metallic bond", "peptide bond", "peptide linkage", "drift", "impetus", "impulsion", "gravity", "gravitation", "gravitational attraction", "gravitational force", "solar gravity", "jet propulsion", "magnetism", "magnetic attraction", "magnetic force" ], "aliasCount": 68, "merged": 46, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "energy", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.phenomenon", "senseRank": 1, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-11479041-n", "ili": "i97803", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:22:06Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-FORCE-PHENOMENON", "registryId": "vr.tr.force-phenomenon", "name": "force", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.FLW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/force-phenomenon/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.force-phenomenon", "name": "force", "purpose": "Let an agent handle forces as vector quantities with magnitude, direction and point of application, and state them with units.", "definition": "In physics, an influence that changes the motion or shape of a body, measured in newtons, such as gravity, friction, aerodynamic lift or chemical attraction between atoms.", "what_it_is_for": "Explaining and predicting motion, loads and structures.", "affordances": [ "measure it, with force gauges and load cells", "calculate it, with Newton laws", "resolve and combine forces, as vectors", "design against it, in engineering" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A vector: magnitude and direction", "Changes motion per Newton second law", "Fundamental forces underlie all others", "Force in social senses is a different entry" ], "appearance": "Not visible; seen through its effects on motion and shape.", "visual_identification": [ "Values in newtons or kilonewtons", "Force diagrams with arrows", "Named forces such as lift, drag, weight, friction" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "SI unit", "typical_range": "newton", "unit": "N", "note": "1 N = 1 kg m/s2" }, { "quantity": "weight of 1 kg on Earth", "typical_range": "9.81", "unit": "N", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "gravitational, electromagnetic, strong and weak nuclear forces", "contact forces: friction, normal, tension", "aerodynamic forces: lift, drag, ground effect", "chemical affinity and intermolecular forces" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "physical quantity", "why": "vector" }, { "relation": "changes", "target": "motion", "why": "dynamics" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "energy", "why": "work = force x distance" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "force in social or military senses", "why": "homonyms" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "SI unit symbol", "value_or_pattern": "N", "note": "newton" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "SI Brochure", "Structural design codes specifying loads", "ISO 376 calibration of force-proving instruments" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Structural overload", "Unit confusion such as kgf and N", "Ignoring direction" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "quantity", "name": "Quantity", "description": "Magnitude and direction.", "rationale": "Forces are vectors.", "layers": [ { "id": "magnitude", "name": "Magnitude", "description": "Size in newtons.", "findings": [ { "id": "magnitude-finding", "name": "Magnitude", "description": "Magnitude and unit.", "questions": [ { "text": "How large is the force, in newtons?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How was it measured or calculated?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "direction", "name": "Direction", "description": "Line of action.", "findings": [ { "id": "direction-finding", "name": "Direction", "description": "Direction and point of application.", "questions": [ { "text": "In what direction does it act, and where?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is it constant or varying?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind", "name": "Kind", "description": "Which force.", "rationale": "Kind decides behaviour.", "layers": [ { "id": "type", "name": "Type", "description": "Gravity, friction, lift.", "findings": [ { "id": "type-finding", "name": "Type", "description": "Type of force.", "questions": [ { "text": "What kind of force is it?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What causes it?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "model", "name": "Model", "description": "Governing law.", "findings": [ { "id": "model-finding", "name": "Model", "description": "Governing equation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which law or model describes it?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Under what conditions is it valid?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "effects", "name": "Effects", "description": "Motion and deformation.", "rationale": "Effects are what engineers design for.", "layers": [ { "id": "motion", "name": "Motion", "description": "Acceleration.", "findings": [ { "id": "motion-finding", "name": "Motion", "description": "Effect on motion.", "questions": [ { "text": "What acceleration does it produce?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "What other forces act?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "deformation", "name": "Deformation", "description": "Stress and strain.", "findings": [ { "id": "deformation-finding", "name": "Deformation", "description": "Effect on structures.", "questions": [ { "text": "What stress does it cause in the structure?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Is it within limits?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Loads and margins.", "rationale": "Force errors break things.", "layers": [ { "id": "loads", "name": "Loads", "description": "Design loads.", "findings": [ { "id": "loads-finding", "name": "Design load", "description": "Design loads and factors.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which design load and safety factor apply?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Could dynamic effects exceed them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "units", "name": "Units", "description": "Consistency.", "findings": [ { "id": "units-finding", "name": "Units", "description": "Unit consistency.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are units consistent, avoiding kgf and lbf confusion?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Has the calculation been checked?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should fundamental forces be separate entries?", "How should named engineering forces be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases such as lift; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "generic", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a force, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "(physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity", "characteristics": { "substance": "energy", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: aerodynamic force, aerodynamic lift, lift, ground effect, affinity, chemical attraction, attraction, attractive force, repulsion, repulsive force, centrifugal force, centripetal force.", "46 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a force, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "energy or a flow of it", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "aerodynamic force", "aerodynamic lift", "lift", "ground effect", "affinity", "chemical attraction", "attraction", "attractive force", "repulsion", "repulsive force", "centrifugal force", "centripetal force" ] } ], "standing": "46 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one force from another, and a force from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a force sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a force from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a force is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a force is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a force is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a force passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a force between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a force, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a force is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a force came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a force and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a force is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 9, "findings": 11, "questions": 33 } } } }