{ "model": { "rank": 7862, "code": "thing-gift", "model_id": "vr.tr.gift", "name": "gift", "purpose": "something acquired without compensation", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ECO", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/gift/", "tier": 2, "score": 53, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "social welfare", "welfare", "public assistance", "social insurance", "national insurance", "supplementary benefit", "social assistance", "national assistance", "relief", "dole", "pogy", "pogey", "unemployment compensation", "old-age insurance", "survivors insurance", "disability insurance", "health care", "primary health care", "philanthropy", "philanthropic gift", "bequest", "legacy", "devise", "free lunch", "dowry", "dowery", "dower", "portion", "bride price", "largess", "largesse", "aid", "economic aid", "financial aid", "assistance", "financial assistance", "economic assistance", "scholarship", "fellowship", "foreign aid" ], "aliasCount": 79, "merged": 53, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.possession", "senseRank": 0, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-13285910-n", "ili": "i106363", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:22:06Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-GIFT", "registryId": "vr.tr.gift", "name": "gift", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ECO" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/gift/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.gift", "name": "gift", "purpose": "Let an agent handle gifts by giver, recipient, value and rules on tax, disclosure and anti-bribery, and separate them from benefits paid under entitlement.", "definition": "Something acquired without compensation; a transfer of property or benefit given freely, including personal gifts and, in broader senses, welfare benefits and public assistance.", "what_it_is_for": "Expressing care, supporting others and redistributing resources.", "affordances": [ "give and receive it", "declare it, where rules require", "tax it, under gift and inheritance tax rules", "refuse it, where accepting would be improper" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "No compensation expected", "Can have tax consequences", "Gifts to officials may be bribes", "Welfare benefits in the registry aliases are entitlements under law" ], "appearance": "Anything transferred freely: presents, money, property, services.", "visual_identification": [ "Absence of payment in return", "Gift registers and declarations in public office", "Welfare payments are entitlements, not gifts in law" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "personal gifts", "charitable donations", "gifts of property", "corporate gifts and hospitality", "public assistance and welfare (as a broader, distinct sense)" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "transfers", "target": "property", "why": "ownership" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "bribe", "why": "improper advantage" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "welfare benefit", "why": "entitlement" }, { "relation": "is taxed under", "target": "gift tax", "why": "where applicable" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Gift and inheritance tax law", "Anti-bribery law such as the UK Bribery Act", "Gift registers and codes of conduct for officials" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Gifts that are bribes", "Undeclared gifts in public office", "Unexpected tax liabilities", "Scams disguised as gifts or prizes" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "transfer", "name": "Transfer", "description": "What is given.", "rationale": "The gift itself and its value.", "layers": [ { "id": "item", "name": "Item", "description": "What and how much.", "findings": [ { "id": "item-finding", "name": "Gift", "description": "The gift and value.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is given, and what is it worth?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Is it money, goods, property or services?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "parties", "name": "Parties", "description": "Giver and recipient.", "findings": [ { "id": "parties-finding", "name": "Parties", "description": "Who gives and receives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who gives it, and to whom?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What is their relationship?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "rules", "name": "Rules", "description": "Tax and disclosure.", "rationale": "Gifts can trigger legal duties.", "layers": [ { "id": "tax", "name": "Tax", "description": "Gift tax.", "findings": [ { "id": "tax-finding", "name": "Tax", "description": "Tax consequences.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the gift taxable, and who pays?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which exemptions apply?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disclosure", "name": "Disclosure", "description": "Registers.", "findings": [ { "id": "disclosure-finding", "name": "Disclosure", "description": "Declaration duties.", "questions": [ { "text": "Must the recipient declare it?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Where?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "integrity", "name": "Integrity", "description": "Bribery and conflicts.", "rationale": "Gifts can corrupt.", "layers": [ { "id": "bribery", "name": "Bribery", "description": "Improper advantage.", "findings": [ { "id": "bribery-finding", "name": "Bribery test", "description": "Whether it is improper.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could this gift be seen as an attempt to influence a decision?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What policy applies?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "refusal", "name": "Refusal", "description": "Declining.", "findings": [ { "id": "refusal-finding", "name": "Refusal", "description": "How to decline.", "questions": [ { "text": "Should it be refused or returned?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "How should that be recorded?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "scams", "name": "Scams", "description": "Fake gifts.", "rationale": "Fraud often poses as gifts.", "layers": [ { "id": "signals", "name": "Signals", "description": "Red flags.", "findings": [ { "id": "signals-finding", "name": "Red flags", "description": "Signs of a scam.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this offer ask for payment or data to receive a gift?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Who is really offering it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "response", "name": "Response", "description": "What to do.", "findings": [ { "id": "response-finding", "name": "Response", "description": "How to respond.", "questions": [ { "text": "What should the person do?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Where should it be reported?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should welfare benefits be split into their own entry?", "How should gift rules for officials be represented?", "How should agents spot scam gifts?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a gift, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "something acquired without compensation", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: social welfare, welfare, public assistance, social insurance, national insurance, supplementary benefit, social assistance, national assistance, relief, dole, pogy, pogey.", "53 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a gift, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "social welfare", "welfare", "public assistance", "social insurance", "national insurance", "supplementary benefit", "social assistance", "national assistance", "relief", "dole", "pogy", "pogey" ] } ], "standing": "53 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one gift from another, and a gift from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a gift, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a gift, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a gift is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a gift, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a gift, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a gift is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a gift sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a gift, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a gift, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a gift is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a gift from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a gift, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a gift, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a gift is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a gift passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a gift between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a gift, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a gift, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a gift is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a gift, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a gift is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a gift, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a gift, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a gift is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a gift.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a gift and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a gift, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a gift, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a gift, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a gift is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a gift and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a gift sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a gift, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a gift, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a gift is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What gift is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does gift take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of gift, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in gift and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of gift may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does gift have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a gift came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a gift and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a gift, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a gift, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a gift is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a gift is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a gift, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a gift, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a gift is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }