{ "model": { "rank": 1413, "code": "thing-grass", "model_id": "vr.tr.grass", "name": "grass", "purpose": "narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/grass/", "tier": 2, "score": 148, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "beach grass", "bunchgrass", "bunch grass", "midgrass", "shortgrass", "short-grass", "sword grass", "tallgrass", "tall-grass", "lemongrass", "lemon grass", "goat grass", "Aegilops triuncalis", "wheatgrass", "wheat-grass", "crested wheatgrass", "crested wheat grass", "fairway crested wheat grass", "Agropyron cristatum", "dog grass", "couch grass", "quackgrass", "quack grass", "quick grass", "witch grass", "witchgrass", "Agropyron repens", "bearded wheatgrass", "Agropyron subsecundum", "western wheatgrass", "bluestem wheatgrass", "Agropyron smithii", "intermediate wheatgrass", "Agropyron intermedium", "Elymus hispidus", "slender wheatgrass", "Agropyron trachycaulum", "Agropyron pauciflorum", "Elymus trachycaulos", "bent" ], "aliasCount": 411, "merged": 148, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [ "plant" ], "lexicalClass": "noun.plant", "senseRank": 0, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-12122650-n", "ili": "i100749", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:29:57Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 26.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07ba0-958a-7a23-8040-25f9a32ed38c\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: grass\nSense to describe: narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAls", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 81.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07ba0-957d-74e3-8cd5-26bfe366924c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: grass\nRegistry id: vr.tr.grass\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for gr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-GRASS", "registryId": "vr.tr.grass", "name": "grass", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/grass/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.grass", "name": "grass", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise grass as living herbage, assess its condition and suitability for lawn, grazing or hay use, and identify appropriate management actions.", "definition": "Grass is narrow-leaved herbaceous vegetation composed principally of plants in the family Poaceae, considered collectively as living ground cover or herbage grown for lawns, grazed as pasture, or harvested and dried as hay.", "scope_statement": "This model owns vr.tr.grass in its registry sense of narrow-leaved herbage grown as lawns, grazed as pasture or cut for hay, distinguishing individual plants, mixed stands and harvested herbage without treating grass as a single species.", "in_scope": [ "Recognition of grass herbage and distinction from grass-like plants", "Species composition and identification uncertainty within a grass stand", "Growth, reproduction, seasonal activity and regrowth after cutting or grazing", "Stand cover, biomass, rooting conditions and signs of stress", "Suitability and management for lawns, pasture and hay production", "The transition from standing grass to cut herbage intended for hay" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete taxonomic accounts and conservation assessments of individual grass species", "Whole grassland ecosystems and their associated animal communities", "Livestock health, complete diets and grazing enterprise economics", "Detailed hay curing, storage, grading and trade after harvest", "Cereal grain production, bamboo timber and other specialised grass-family products", "Artificial turf and landscape construction systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check leaf, sheath, stem-node and reproductive structures together when distinguishing grasses from sedges, rushes and other narrow-leaved plants; appearance alone leaves identification provisional.", "Record whether the subject is herbage, an individual plant or a mixed stand; the common name grass does not establish a species identity.", "Distinguish a lawn from pasture through intended use and management history, since short green cover alone does not establish either use.", "Distinguish attached, living herbage from cut material and cured hay through harvest and drying state.", "Treat green colour and narrow leaves as recognition clues rather than mandatory condition tests, so dormant, flowering or senescent grass remains representable." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Observation subject", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "individual plant | patch | managed stand | cut herbage", "why_it_matters": "Prevents plant-level identification from being confused with stand-level condition or harvest measurements." }, { "name": "Botanical composition", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "identified taxa with identification evidence, confidence and estimated contribution", "why_it_matters": "Grass can contain several species with different growth patterns and management requirements." }, { "name": "Intended use", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "lawn | pasture | hay crop | multiple uses | unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Determines which condition measures and actions are relevant." }, { "name": "Canopy height", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cm, with sampling method and date", "why_it_matters": "Supports mowing, grazing and harvest decisions when interpreted against species and use." }, { "name": "Ground cover composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "percent grass cover, other vegetation, bare ground and litter using a stated method", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a dense grass stand from sparse growth or a mixed vegetation surface." }, { "name": "Above-ground dry matter", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg dry matter/ha, with sampling area, cutting height and date", "why_it_matters": "Quantifies herbage availability without confusing water content with usable biomass." }, { "name": "Growth and reproductive state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "establishing | vegetative | flowering | seed-bearing | dormant | senescent | mixed", "why_it_matters": "Helps interpret appearance, recovery potential and suitability for the intended use." }, { "name": "Root-zone moisture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "volumetric water content (%) or a defined field moisture class, with depth and date", "why_it_matters": "Provides context for growth restriction, irrigation and access decisions." }, { "name": "Defoliation history", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "dated mowing, grazing or cutting events with removal intensity and residual height", "why_it_matters": "Connects current condition to recent removal and the time available for recovery." }, { "name": "Stress and damage observations", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observed discoloration, wilting, thinning, lesions, uprooting or trampling; extent and suspected cause recorded separately", "why_it_matters": "Supports investigation without presenting a visual symptom as a confirmed diagnosis." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify or provisionally classify grass and document uncertainty about grass-like plants.", "Survey grass cover, composition, growth stage and available herbage.", "Assess suitability for lawn use, grazing or hay cutting against explicit local criteria.", "Plan mowing, grazing, rest or harvest using growth state and removal history.", "Evaluate whether watering, reseeding or restricted access is justified by observed conditions.", "Track regrowth and stand recovery after management or damage." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "grass-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Grass identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish what is being called grass and at which biological or material scale.", "rationale": "The registry describes herbage rather than a single taxon, so an agent must resolve identity and scale before interpreting observations.", "layers": [ { "id": "botanical-recognition", "name": "Botanical recognition", "description": "Record evidence distinguishing grass from similar-looking vegetation.", "findings": [ { "id": "grass-identification-evidence", "name": "Grass identification evidence", "description": "Require observable identification evidence and allow unresolved grass-like plants to remain provisional.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaf, sheath, node or reproductive features support identifying this vegetation as grass rather than a sedge, rush or other narrow-leaved plant?", "kind": "definition", "id": "grass-identification-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Who or what identified the grass, when, and from which specimen, photograph or identification resource?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "grass-identification-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "herbage-and-stand-boundaries", "name": "Herbage and stand boundaries", "description": "Separate individual plants, mixed stands and harvested material.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-unit-and-composition", "name": "Observation unit and composition", "description": "Attach observations to an explicit plant, patch, stand or cut-material unit without implying that the unit contains one species.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe an individual grass plant, a bounded stand or cut herbage, and how is that unit delimited?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observation-unit-and-composition-q01" }, { "text": "Which identified grasses, other plants and unresolved components occur within the unit, and how was their contribution estimated?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observation-unit-and-composition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "grass-growth-and-renewal", "name": "Grass growth and renewal", "description": "Represent establishment, seasonal development and recovery after herbage removal.", "rationale": "Grass management repeatedly removes foliage, making growth state and renewal central to judging what may happen next.", "layers": [ { "id": "seasonal-and-reproductive-development", "name": "Seasonal and reproductive development", "description": "Track the observed development of the grasses present.", "findings": [ { "id": "growth-stage-and-seasonal-activity", "name": "Growth stage and seasonal activity", "description": "Record active growth, reproduction, dormancy and senescence separately from simple greenness.", "questions": [ { "text": "What proportion of the grass is establishing, vegetative, flowering, seed-bearing, dormant or senescent at the observation date?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "growth-stage-and-seasonal-activity-q01" }, { "text": "What species-specific and local seasonal evidence is needed to distinguish dormancy from decline or death?", "kind": "definition", "id": "growth-stage-and-seasonal-activity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "defoliation-and-regrowth", "name": "Defoliation and regrowth", "description": "Relate mowing, grazing and cutting to subsequent recovery.", "findings": [ { "id": "removal-and-recovery-record", "name": "Removal and recovery record", "description": "Pair the amount and timing of herbage removal with observed regrowth and surviving cover.", "questions": [ { "text": "When was grass last mown, grazed or cut, and what residual height and cover remained?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "removal-and-recovery-record-q01" }, { "text": "What measured regrowth and locally justified recovery criterion support another removal or a longer rest?", "kind": "action", "id": "removal-and-recovery-record-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "grass-site-and-condition", "name": "Grass site and condition", "description": "Connect the condition of grass cover to its growing environment and physical disturbance.", "rationale": "Similar-looking thinning or discoloration can arise under different site conditions and require different responses.", "layers": [ { "id": "root-zone-and-exposure", "name": "Root zone and exposure", "description": "Record the immediate conditions in which the grass grows.", "findings": [ { "id": "growing-condition-evidence", "name": "Growing condition evidence", "description": "Capture moisture, soil and exposure observations relevant to the grasses present.", "questions": [ { "text": "What root-zone moisture, drainage, soil condition and light exposure were measured or observed in the grass patch?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "growing-condition-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which site observations justify testing a watering, drainage, soil or shade explanation for the observed grass condition?", "kind": "action", "id": "growing-condition-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cover-loss-and-damage", "name": "Cover loss and damage", "description": "Track bare patches, damaged foliage and disturbance without assuming their cause.", "findings": [ { "id": "grass-damage-pattern", "name": "Grass damage pattern", "description": "Describe the extent and spatial pattern of grass damage and distinguish symptoms from diagnosed causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much grass cover is thinning, discoloured, wilted, uprooted or otherwise damaged, and where are the affected patches?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "grass-damage-pattern-q01" }, { "text": "What additional evidence is needed before attributing that pattern to trampling, cutting, water stress, pests or disease?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "grass-damage-pattern-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "grass-use-and-herbage-quality", "name": "Grass use and herbage quality", "description": "Evaluate standing grass against lawn, pasture and hay-production purposes.", "rationale": "A condition desirable for one grass use may be unsuitable for another, so quality must be tied to the intended use.", "layers": [ { "id": "lawn-function", "name": "Lawn function", "description": "Assess grass as maintained ground cover for a stated lawn use.", "findings": [ { "id": "lawn-service-condition", "name": "Lawn service condition", "description": "Judge lawn grass using explicit expectations for cover, height, appearance and use-related wear.", "questions": [ { "text": "What lawn function is intended, and which cover, height and wear criteria define acceptable grass condition for it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "lawn-service-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Do current grass cover and recovery observations support mowing, reseeding, continued access or temporary rest?", "kind": "action", "id": "lawn-service-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pasture-and-hay-crop", "name": "Pasture and hay crop", "description": "Assess herbage availability and evidence of suitability for grazing or cutting.", "findings": [ { "id": "available-and-suitable-herbage", "name": "Available and suitable herbage", "description": "Keep biomass estimates separate from feed suitability and link the latter to relevant analyses and intended animals.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much standing dry matter is available above the proposed residual cutting or grazing height, and how was it sampled?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "available-and-suitable-herbage-q01" }, { "text": "What composition, forage-analysis and contamination evidence is available to assess this grass for the intended grazing animals or hay use?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "available-and-suitable-herbage-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "grass-management-and-harvest", "name": "Grass management and harvest", "description": "Make grass-management decisions traceable and preserve identity when standing herbage is cut.", "rationale": "An agent needs to connect interventions to observed grass responses and recognise when responsibility transfers to a harvested-material model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intervention-selection-and-follow-up", "name": "Intervention selection and follow-up", "description": "Connect proposed grass treatments to an explicit problem and a measurable response.", "findings": [ { "id": "grass-management-decision", "name": "Grass management decision", "description": "Record why a particular intervention is appropriate for the stand, its intended use and its current growth conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed grass condition supports mowing, grazing, resting, watering or reseeding, and what species or site constraints govern the choice?", "kind": "action", "id": "grass-management-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Which changes in height, cover, biomass or damage will be checked, and when, to evaluate the intervention?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "grass-management-decision-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cut-herbage-handoff", "name": "Cut herbage handoff", "description": "Mark the transition from rooted vegetation to harvested herbage intended for hay.", "findings": [ { "id": "harvest-origin-and-material-state", "name": "Harvest origin and material state", "description": "Retain the source stand and cutting event while distinguishing freshly cut grass from material subsequently assessed as hay.", "questions": [ { "text": "From which grass stand and cutting event did this harvested herbage originate?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "harvest-origin-and-material-state-q01" }, { "text": "At what documented material state does the record transfer to the hay model, and which drying or storage questions remain with that model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "harvest-origin-and-material-state-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is a collective vegetation sense, not a species, population or individual; a single binomial, native range or conservation assessment would be inappropriate.", "Species-level taxonomy, identifiers, life cycles and conservation status require the constituent species to be identified.", "The lawn-height range is illustrative; specific management requirements and applicable seed or forage regulations need local verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Turf or lawn grasses", "Pasture grasses", "Grasses grown for hay", "Cool-season grasses", "Warm-season grasses", "Annual and perennial grasses" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical scientific nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Poaceae; constituent species named by genus and specific epithet", "note": "Poaceae identifies the principal plant family, not this collective vegetation sense; grass here has no single species identifier." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) International Rules for Seed Testing provide methods for testing grass seed lots, including purity and germination." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Lawns and recreational turf", "Pasture for grazing livestock", "Hay production for stored animal feed", "Soil cover and erosion control", "Habitat and food for wildlife" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Maintained lawn height", "typical_range": "Approximately 2-10 for many ordinary lawns; suitable height depends on species, season and use", "unit": "cm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Drought, heat, cold or waterlogging can reduce growth or kill susceptible grasses.", "Overgrazing and excessively close mowing can weaken plants and expose soil.", "Compaction can restrict rooting, water infiltration and aeration.", "Grass pollen can cause allergic reactions.", "Hay stored with excessive moisture can mold and undergo heating that creates a fire hazard." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cool-season grasses commonly dominate managed turf and pasture in cooler climates; warm-season grasses are common in hotter climates.", "Species mixtures and management vary with rainfall, irrigation, soil conditions and grazing systems.", "Some introduced forage or turf grasses become invasive outside their native ranges." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Poaceae", "difference": "Poaceae is a taxonomic family, including cereals and bamboos; the requested sense describes herbage and vegetation used as ground cover or forage." }, { "name": "Lawn", "difference": "A lawn is an area of maintained low vegetation; grass is the plant material that commonly forms it." }, { "name": "Pasture", "difference": "Pasture is land or vegetation used for grazing and may include legumes and other plants alongside grasses." }, { "name": "Hay", "difference": "Hay is cut, dried forage, which may contain grasses, legumes or both; living grass has not undergone this processing." }, { "name": "Sedges and rushes", "difference": "These can resemble grasses but belong to different botanical families, principally Cyperaceae and Juncaceae." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of grass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend grass to include sedges and other grass-like herbage under the common-language definition, or restrict botanical membership to Poaceae?", "Which existing Vercy models already own grassland ecosystems, individual grass taxa, pasture and hay, and where should this entry link to avoid duplication?", "Which identification authorities and dated taxonomic identifiers should be required when constituent grass species are resolved?", "Which region-, species- and use-specific references should govern cutting height, grazing readiness, recovery periods and establishment targets?", "Which forage tests and harvest-state criteria are required for the intended animals, climate and hay-production context?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a grass, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: beach grass, bunchgrass, bunch grass, midgrass, shortgrass, short-grass, sword grass, tallgrass, tall-grass, lemongrass, lemon grass, goat grass.", "148 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a grass, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "beach grass", "bunchgrass", "bunch grass", "midgrass", "shortgrass", "short-grass", "sword grass", "tallgrass", "tall-grass", "lemongrass", "lemon grass", "goat grass" ] } ], "standing": "148 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one grass from another, and a grass from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a grass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a grass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a grass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a grass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a grass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a grass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a grass sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a grass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a grass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a grass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a grass from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a grass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a grass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a grass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a grass is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a grass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a grass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a grass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a grass and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a grass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a grass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a grass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a grass is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a grass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a grass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a grass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a grass passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a grass between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a grass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a grass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a grass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a grass, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a grass is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a grass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a grass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a grass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What grass is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of grass, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate grass from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish grass from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What grass does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does grass pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of grass judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where grass lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of grass, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does grass hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a grass came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a grass and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a grass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a grass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a grass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a grass is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a grass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a grass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a grass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 15, "findings": 17, "questions": 45 } } } }