{ "model": { "rank": 4441, "code": "thing-horse", "model_id": "vr.tr.horse", "name": "horse", "purpose": "solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/horse/", "tier": 2, "score": 75, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "Equus caballus", "roan", "stablemate", "stable companion", "gee-gee", "eohippus", "dawn horse", "mesohippus", "protohippus", "male horse", "stallion", "entire", "stud", "studhorse", "gelding", "mare", "female horse", "broodmare", "stud mare", "saddle horse", "riding horse", "mount", "remount", "palfrey", "warhorse", "cavalry horse", "charger", "courser", "steed", "prancer", "hack", "cow pony", "quarter horse", "pony", "polo pony", "mustang", "bronco", "bronc", "broncho", "bucking bronco" ], "aliasCount": 108, "merged": 75, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [ "animal" ], "lexicalClass": "noun.animal", "senseRank": 0, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-02377103-n", "ili": "i48054", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:14:01Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087cd-2db6-7400-bacb-8696a61c1eed\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: horse\nSense to describe: solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext fo", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 76.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087cd-2dc0-7df0-86cc-ace61ffda86e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: horse\nRegistry id: vr.tr.horse\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric t" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-HORSE", "registryId": "vr.tr.horse", "name": "horse", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/horse/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.horse", "name": "horse", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a horse, distinguish taxon-level knowledge from an individual animal's condition, and judge appropriate care, handling and use.", "definition": "The horse is a domesticated herbivorous mammal of the family Equidae, commonly named Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758, with a single weight-bearing hoof on each of four limbs and a digestive system adapted to hindgut fermentation of fibrous plants.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the domestic horse as a registered organism kind and the evidence needed to describe its populations and individuals, including feral populations; disputed boundaries with other horse taxa remain explicit.", "in_scope": [ "Domestic-horse identity, taxonomic references and boundaries with other equids", "Individual identification, breed or ancestry, life stage and reproductive status", "Equine anatomy, locomotion, feeding and observable condition", "Social behaviour, living environment and domestic or feral population context", "Welfare, handling suitability and constraints on human-directed activity" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Donkeys, zebras and equid hybrids as independently modelled organism kinds", "Horse meat, hides and other products separated from the living animal", "Saddles, harnesses, stables and transport vehicles as equipment or infrastructure", "Equestrian occupations, competitions and breeding enterprises as social activities", "Veterinary diseases, medicines and treatment protocols as independent clinical models" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check an equid body plan with one principal weight-bearing hoof on each limb; this distinguishes a horse from cloven-hoofed livestock but does not distinguish it from every other equid.", "Use identification records, parentage and a combination of ear, mane, tail and body characteristics to distinguish domestic horses from donkeys and hybrids; appearance alone can leave uncertainty.", "Treat pony as a horse grouping rather than automatically a separate organism kind; verify the applicable breed or height convention.", "Distinguish a feral domestic horse from a separately recognised wild horse taxon using population history and the selected taxonomic authority.", "Confirm that the referent is a living animal, population or taxon, rather than a carcass, horse product or equestrian role." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Referent level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "taxon | population | individual", "why_it_matters": "Prevents species descriptions, population assessments and individual care observations from being treated as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Taxonomic determination", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Scientific name linked to authority, taxonomic treatment, identifier and verification date", "why_it_matters": "Makes the domestic-horse boundary auditable when authorities use different taxonomic ranks or names." }, { "name": "Individual identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Animal record linked to available microchip, passport, brand, markings or other identification evidence", "why_it_matters": "Connects observations and permissions to the correct horse." }, { "name": "Breed and ancestry", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Recorded breed or population, parentage evidence, mixed ancestry or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports identity and interpretation without substituting breed stereotypes for individual assessment." }, { "name": "Age and life stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Age in years with known or estimated basis; dependent foal, growing juvenile or adult; age-related needs recorded separately", "why_it_matters": "Changes feeding, social, reproductive and activity requirements." }, { "name": "Sex and reproductive condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Recorded sex; intact or castrated; pregnancy and lactation status where applicable; unknown allowed", "why_it_matters": "Informs grouping, handling and care without assuming behaviour from sex alone." }, { "name": "Height at withers", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cm, with stance, surface and measurement date", "why_it_matters": "Supports size description and equipment fit; horse-versus-pony conventions require separate context." }, { "name": "Body mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg, with scale or estimation method and date", "why_it_matters": "Supports nutrition assessment, transport planning and professional care decisions." }, { "name": "Body condition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Score with named equine scoring system, assessor and date", "why_it_matters": "Tracks energy reserves independently of height, breed and body mass." }, { "name": "Hoof and locomotor condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Limb-specific hoof observations, shoeing status, gait observations and professional assessment where available", "why_it_matters": "Constrains movement, handling and workload when pain or impairment is suspected." }, { "name": "Forage and water access", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Feed type and quantity where known, access pattern, water availability and observed intake", "why_it_matters": "Connects the horse's feeding requirements with actual provision and changes in appetite." }, { "name": "Social and management setting", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Managed or feral; stable social group, changing group or isolated; housing and turnout context", "why_it_matters": "Helps interpret behaviour, exposure and welfare needs." }, { "name": "Activity readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Proposed activity assessed against current condition, conditioning, training, equipment and handler competence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents intended use from being mistaken for demonstrated fitness or suitability." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify an individual horse and connect its observations to documented ancestry, population and taxonomic references.", "Observe and record feeding, movement, social behaviour and changes from the animal's usual condition.", "Arrange forage, water, shelter, movement and social access appropriate to the assessed horse and setting.", "Choose a handling approach using observed responses, training history and handler competence.", "Assess whether proposed riding, driving, transport or breeding requires modification, postponement or professional review.", "Escalate concerning changes to an appropriate equine professional and preserve the observations supporting that decision." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "horse-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Horse identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish what horse refers to and how the animal or population is distinguished from neighbouring equid concepts.", "rationale": "Domestic-horse taxonomy, pony conventions and feral status can otherwise produce conflicting identities or duplicate models.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement", "description": "Record the taxonomic treatment and its evidence without assuming all authorities agree.", "findings": [ { "id": "domestic-horse-reference", "name": "Domestic-horse reference", "description": "The model needs a dated taxonomic reference that states the domestic horse's name, rank and relationship to other horse taxa.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which scientific name, rank, naming authority and authority year does the selected reference assign to the domestic horse?", "kind": "definition", "id": "domestic-horse-reference-q01" }, { "text": "Which verified GBIF and NCBI records correspond to that treatment, and when were they checked?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "domestic-horse-reference-q02" }, { "text": "How does that treatment delimit domestic horses, Przewalski's horses and equid hybrids?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "domestic-horse-reference-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "animal-and-population-identity", "name": "Animal and population identity", "description": "Separate individual identification from breed labels and population membership.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence", "name": "Identity evidence", "description": "Descriptions must identify their referent level and the evidence connecting a particular horse to its records.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe a taxon, a named herd or population, or one identifiable horse?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which microchip, passport, markings or parentage records establish the individual's identity and claimed breed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "If the animal is called a pony or a feral horse, does that label indicate size, breed convention or management history?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "equine-body-and-movement", "name": "Equine body and movement", "description": "Describe the horse's size, condition, hooves and movement in ways that support individual assessment.", "rationale": "An apparently similar horse can differ substantially in body condition, hoof comfort and capacity for activity.", "layers": [ { "id": "size-and-condition", "name": "Size and condition", "description": "Distinguish skeletal size, body mass, fat reserves and muscle condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "body-assessment", "name": "Body assessment", "description": "Measurements need methods and dates so that growth, weight change and condition can be interpreted separately.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the horse's height at the withers and body mass, and how were they measured or estimated?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "body-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which equine body-condition scale was used, and what changes in fat cover or muscle have been observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "body-assessment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "hooves-and-gait", "name": "Hooves and gait", "description": "Connect limb-specific hoof observations with movement and activity constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "locomotor-comfort", "name": "Locomotor comfort", "description": "Hoof care history and gait observations provide evidence for deciding whether movement or work needs review.", "questions": [ { "text": "What hoof damage, asymmetry, shoeing or trimming history is recorded for each limb?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "locomotor-comfort-q01" }, { "text": "Under what surface, gait and handling conditions does the horse show altered stride or reluctance to move?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "locomotor-comfort-q02" }, { "text": "Do the observations require stopping the proposed activity and obtaining veterinary or farriery assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "locomotor-comfort-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-course-and-feeding", "name": "Life course and feeding", "description": "Relate age, reproductive condition and feeding observations to the horse's changing needs.", "rationale": "A dependent foal, growing horse and lactating mare cannot be assessed using an undifferentiated adult profile.", "layers": [ { "id": "age-and-reproduction", "name": "Age and reproduction", "description": "Record developmental and reproductive states together with the certainty of their determination.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stage-needs", "name": "Life-stage needs", "description": "Age, dependence and reproductive condition constrain appropriate care, grouping and activity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the horse's birth date documented or its age estimated, and what evidence supports the estimate?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "life-stage-needs-q01" }, { "text": "Is the horse dependent on a mare, growing, pregnant, lactating or castrated, and which states have been confirmed?", "kind": "definition", "id": "life-stage-needs-q02" }, { "text": "What changes to feeding, social grouping or activity follow from the confirmed life stage and reproductive condition?", "kind": "action", "id": "life-stage-needs-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forage-intake-and-digestion", "name": "Forage intake and digestion", "description": "Record actual feeding access, chewing ability and departures from usual intake and output.", "findings": [ { "id": "feeding-function", "name": "Feeding function", "description": "The feeding assessment connects forage and water provision with the individual horse's ability and willingness to consume them.", "questions": [ { "text": "What forage, pasture, supplementary feed and water can this horse actually access, including competition from other horses?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "feeding-function-q01" }, { "text": "What changes in chewing, appetite, drinking or manure have been observed, and over what period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "feeding-function-q02" }, { "text": "Which observations require prompt professional assessment before changing feed or continuing work?", "kind": "action", "id": "feeding-function-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "social-life-and-environment", "name": "Social life and environment", "description": "Describe herd relationships, behavioural responses and the environment available to domestic or feral horses.", "rationale": "A horse's condition depends on social access and physical surroundings as well as direct human care.", "layers": [ { "id": "social-behaviour", "name": "Social behaviour", "description": "Interpret observed behaviour in relation to companions, separation and immediate circumstances.", "findings": [ { "id": "behaviour-in-context", "name": "Behaviour in context", "description": "Behaviour records should distinguish repeated observations from assumptions about temperament or breed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which companions does the horse associate with, avoid or compete with, and can it reach resources without displacement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "behaviour-in-context-q01" }, { "text": "How does the horse respond to separation, approach, restraint and unfamiliar stimuli across repeated observations?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "behaviour-in-context-q02" }, { "text": "What change in grouping or handling is justified by the observed distress, avoidance or aggression?", "kind": "action", "id": "behaviour-in-context-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "habitat-and-population-context", "name": "Habitat and population context", "description": "Separate present living conditions and distribution from historical origin and conservation assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-and-living-conditions", "name": "Range and living conditions", "description": "Managed and feral horse populations need explicit geographic and environmental context; conservation labels need an exact assessed referent.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where does this horse or population live, and what movement space, footing, shelter and seasonal forage are available?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "range-and-living-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "Does a range claim describe ancestral wild distribution, domestication history, introduced distribution or current feral occurrence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "range-and-living-conditions-q02" }, { "text": "If an IUCN or other conservation status is cited, which exact taxon or population and assessment year does it cover?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "range-and-living-conditions-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "welfare-and-human-interaction", "name": "Welfare and human interaction", "description": "Connect the horse's observed state with justified handling, activity and escalation decisions.", "rationale": "Domestication and training do not by themselves establish that a particular horse is comfortable, fit or suitable for a proposed task.", "layers": [ { "id": "condition-and-escalation", "name": "Condition and escalation", "description": "Track departures from the horse's baseline and identify the response needed.", "findings": [ { "id": "welfare-observations", "name": "Welfare observations", "description": "Welfare judgements need dated observations of comfort, rest, intake, movement and behaviour, with uncertainty preserved.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is different from this horse's usual eating, resting, movement or social behaviour, and when did the change begin?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "welfare-observations-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations support concern about pain, injury, exhaustion or unmet needs, and which remain unexplained?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "welfare-observations-q02" }, { "text": "What immediate care adjustment or professional escalation is warranted, and who is responsible for it?", "kind": "action", "id": "welfare-observations-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-activity-suitability", "name": "Handling and activity suitability", "description": "Assess a specific proposed interaction against individual capacity and the conditions of the task.", "findings": [ { "id": "task-specific-readiness", "name": "Task-specific readiness", "description": "Suitability for riding, driving, breeding or transport must be established for the particular horse and proposed circumstances.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence shows that the horse is trained and currently conditioned for the proposed activity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "task-specific-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "How do equipment fit, load, duration, terrain, weather and handler competence affect this horse's suitability?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "task-specific-readiness-q02" }, { "text": "Who has authority to approve the activity, and what observations require modifying or stopping it?", "kind": "action", "id": "task-specific-readiness-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge without consulted sources; confirm taxonomic treatment and database identifiers before publication.", "Domestication began in prehistory, but its timing, locations and relationship to modern domestic lineages require research.", "No IUCN category is asserted: distinguish domestic horses, feral populations and wild horse taxa before applying any assessment or native-range statement." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Light riding horses", "Draft horses", "Ponies", "Warmblood sport horses", "Gaited horses", "Miniature horses" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Zoological nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758", "note": "Domestic horses are also treated as Equus ferus caballus; species versus subspecies treatment varies." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "9796", "note": "Taxonomy identifier for Equus caballus, not an identifier for an individual horse." }, { "scheme": "Universal Equine Life Number (UELN)", "value_or_pattern": "15-character alphanumeric identifier", "note": "Identifies an individual equine through participating registration systems; distinct from its microchip number." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Riding, sport and recreation", "Transport and pack carrying", "Agricultural and forestry traction", "Livestock handling and mounted patrol work", "Meat and mare's milk production in some societies" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Adult height at the withers", "typical_range": "Approximately 140-180 for many full-sized breeds; ponies and miniature horses are smaller", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Adult body mass", "typical_range": "Approximately 400-700 for many riding horses; miniature and heavy draft breeds fall outside this range", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Gestation duration", "typical_range": "Approximately 320-360", "unit": "days" }, { "quantity": "Lifespan", "typical_range": "Commonly 25-30 under domestic care, with substantial variation", "unit": "years" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Colic encompasses abdominal pain from multiple causes, including potentially fatal intestinal disorders.", "Laminitis can damage the attachment between the hoof wall and underlying structures, causing severe lameness.", "Musculoskeletal injury can impair locomotion and working capacity.", "Infectious disease, parasites and toxic plants can threaten individual animals and herds.", "Kicking, biting, bolting and falls can injure handlers, riders and bystanders." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Breeds and landraces differ in size, coat, gait and adaptation to local climates and work.", "Horses occur worldwide in domestic and feral populations; a domestic population's distribution is distinct from ancestral wild range.", "Cultural roles differ, including sport, transport, pastoral work and food production." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Przewalski's horse", "difference": "A distinct wild horse lineage, rather than a domestic breed or a feral domestic population; taxonomic rank varies by treatment." }, { "name": "Donkey", "difference": "A domesticated ass lineage, commonly named Equus asinus, distinct from the domestic horse." }, { "name": "Mule", "difference": "A hybrid typically produced by a male donkey and a female horse, rather than a horse breed." }, { "name": "Pony", "difference": "A size or breed category within domestic horses, not a separate species; classification also depends on breed conventions." }, { "name": "Feral horse", "difference": "A free-living horse descended from domestic stock; feral describes population history and management status." }, { "name": "Individual horse", "difference": "One animal with its own age, sex and registration identity; the registry concept describes the domestic horse collectively." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which taxonomic treatment should anchor this registry entry, including the accepted scientific name, authority year, GBIF and NCBI identifiers, and boundary with Przewalski's horse?", "How should ancestral range and domestication history be represented without presenting introduced or feral distribution as native range?", "Is any current IUCN assessment directly applicable to the chosen domestic-horse referent, and how should that be distinguished from wild-taxon or breed conservation assessments?", "Which equine body-condition, pain and locomotion assessment methods should be adopted, and what training and limitations apply to their use?", "Which evidence-based criteria should govern activity readiness and escalation for different ages, reproductive states and management settings?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 37 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a horse, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Equus caballus, roan, stablemate, stable companion, gee-gee, eohippus, dawn horse, mesohippus, protohippus, male horse, stallion, entire.", "75 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a horse, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Equus caballus", "roan", "stablemate", "stable companion", "gee-gee", "eohippus", "dawn horse", "mesohippus", "protohippus", "male horse", "stallion", "entire" ] } ], "standing": "75 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one horse from another, and a horse from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a horse sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a horse from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a horse is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a horse and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a horse is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a horse is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a horse is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a horse moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a horse passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a horse between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a horse, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a horse is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What horse is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of horse, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate horse from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish horse from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What horse does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does horse pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of horse judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where horse lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of horse, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does horse hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a horse came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a horse and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a horse is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }