{ "model": { "rank": 6852, "code": "thing-machine-artifact", "model_id": "vr.tr.machine-artifact", "name": "machine", "purpose": "a device for overcoming resistance at one point by applying force at some other point", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/machine-artifact/", "tier": 2, "score": 58, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "ax head", "axe head", "balance wheel", "balance", "bevel gear", "pinion and crown wheel", "pinion and ring gear", "bicycle wheel", "bollock", "bullock block", "buffing wheel", "cartwheel", "car wheel", "caster", "castor", "colter", "coulter", "daisy print wheel", "daisy wheel", "differential gear", "differential", "driving wheel", "escape wheel", "fairlead", "fifth wheel", "spare", "gear", "gear wheel", "geared wheel", "cogwheel", "grinding wheel", "emery wheel", "handwheel", "idle pulley", "idler pulley", "idle wheel", "inclined plane", "lantern pinion", "lantern wheel", "lever" ], "aliasCount": 93, "merged": 58, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "operable", "mobility": "portable", "scale": "handheld", "affordances": [ "graspable", "operable" ] }, "markers": [ "artifact", "device", "machine" ], "lexicalClass": "noun.artifact", "senseRank": 3, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-03706297-n", "ili": "i55889", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:38:28Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 17.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08888-90ac-7bf3-8430-f69ec5b1e4bf\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: machine\nSense to describe: a device for overcoming resistance at one point by applying force at some other point\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (no", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 62.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08888-909f-7590-9e04-073dc8985941\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: machine\nRegistry id: vr.tr.machine-artifact\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: a device for overcoming resistance at one point by app" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-MACHINE-ARTIFACT", "registryId": "vr.tr.machine-artifact", "name": "machine", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/machine-artifact/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.machine-artifact", "name": "machine", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a machine by how it transfers force to overcome resistance, assess its operating condition, and determine which operations its configuration and evidence support.", "definition": "A machine is a mechanical device that transmits or transforms an applied force and associated motion to overcome resistance at another point, without increasing the total energy supplied to it.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the registered kind machine: a physical device that applies force at an input to overcome resistance at an output, including simple and compound machines; product specifications and individual-unit observations provide evidence without defining separate registry kinds.", "in_scope": [ "Input, transmission and output relationships that connect applied force to resistance", "Mechanical arrangement, constraints, supports and reaction forces", "Mechanical advantage, displacement trade-offs, losses and operating limits", "Manual or powered operation, control arrangements and stored-energy states", "Wear, failure modes, protective measures and conditions for intervention" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Product-line identity, commercial variants and procurement records owned by product models", "Individual-unit ownership, location and service history owned by asset models", "Detailed properties of constituent materials owned by material models", "Independent models of motors, controllers and other component kinds", "Production workflows, operator qualifications and organisational authorisations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An identifiable mechanical path connects force applied at an input with resistance overcome at an output; a device that only senses or displays information does not satisfy this definition.", "The arrangement redirects or transmits force and constrains relative movement; merely bearing a static load does not establish that a structure is a machine.", "External electrical power and automation are not required: manually driven simple machines can satisfy the registry definition.", "A tool can also be a machine when its arrangement provides the required input-to-output force relationship; hand-held use does not exclude it.", "The registry kind describes the operating relationship, while a manufacturer's model designation and a physical unit's serial number identify different levels." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Mechanical task", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "lifting; pressing; pulling; cutting; positioning; transmitting motion; other specified task", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the resistance the machine is intended to overcome and the useful output." }, { "name": "Mechanical arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "lever; wheel and axle; pulley; inclined plane; wedge; screw; compound or other specified mechanism", "why_it_matters": "Connects recognition of the machine to an explainable force-transfer principle." }, { "name": "Input and output interfaces", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Force application point or axis → transmission path → load application point or axis", "why_it_matters": "Makes the registry definition testable and establishes the machine boundary." }, { "name": "Drive source", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "human; animal; electric; hydraulic; pneumatic; combustion; gravity; stored mechanical energy; other; multiple", "why_it_matters": "Determines how effort enters the machine and which energy sources require control." }, { "name": "Input and output effort", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Force in N or torque in N·m, with direction, interface and operating condition", "why_it_matters": "Relates the supplied effort to the resistance and distinguishes useful output from overload." }, { "name": "Travel and speed", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Linear travel in m and speed in m/s; angular travel in rad and speed in rad/s", "why_it_matters": "Records the movement exchanged for output effort and the limits of useful motion." }, { "name": "Mechanical advantage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dimensionless output-force/input-force ratio at stated interfaces and configuration; identify ideal or measured value", "why_it_matters": "Describes force multiplication without treating it as energy multiplication or mixing force with torque." }, { "name": "Mechanical efficiency", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Useful output work/input work, dimensionless or %, over a stated cycle or interval", "why_it_matters": "Makes friction and other losses explicit when estimating achievable output." }, { "name": "Operating envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Applicable limits for load, torque, speed, travel, duty cycle and temperature, each with units and evidence", "why_it_matters": "Provides the conditions against which an intended operation can be assessed." }, { "name": "Motion and energy condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Motion: stationary or moving; supply: connected or isolated; stored energy: present, restrained, dissipated or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Prevents stationary or switched-off equipment from being mistaken for equipment safe to approach." }, { "name": "Mechanical integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Within documented limits; degraded; failed; unassessed", "why_it_matters": "Connects wear, damage and inspection evidence to continued use or withdrawal." } ], "affordances": [ "Trace applied effort through the mechanism to the resistance and supporting reactions.", "Estimate required input effort and resulting movement from a documented configuration.", "Compare a proposed load and motion with the evidenced operating envelope.", "Select an admissible configuration or operating sequence when its preconditions are satisfied.", "Identify inspection and maintenance needs from wear, losses and abnormal motion.", "Determine the isolation, restraint and verification steps required before mechanical intervention." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "force-transfer-identity", "name": "Force-transfer identity", "description": "Establishes what makes the registered thing a machine and where its mechanical function begins and ends.", "rationale": "Recognition must depend on the input-to-resistance relationship rather than appearance, automation or a product label.", "layers": [ { "id": "effort-and-resistance", "name": "Effort and resistance", "description": "Identifies the mechanical input and the useful load interaction.", "findings": [ { "id": "input-output-relationship", "name": "Input-output relationship", "description": "Record the applied effort, the resistance and the mechanical connection between their interfaces.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is input force or torque applied, and where does the machine act against resistance?", "kind": "definition", "id": "input-output-relationship-q01" }, { "text": "What counts as useful output for the stated task, and what movement or deformation demonstrates it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "input-output-relationship-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "machine-boundary", "name": "Machine boundary", "description": "Separates the machine from its drive, workpiece, supports and neighbouring registry concepts.", "findings": [ { "id": "included-mechanism", "name": "Included mechanism", "description": "Record which connected parts constitute the machine for this account and which provide external inputs or constraints.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are the drive, base, attachments and load included in the machine boundary or related as external things?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "included-mechanism-q01" }, { "text": "Which force-transfer feature establishes machine status, including when the same thing is also called a tool?", "kind": "definition", "id": "included-mechanism-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mechanism-and-constraints", "name": "Mechanism and constraints", "description": "Describes how geometry, connections and supports determine force and movement.", "rationale": "A machine's behaviour depends on its arrangement and constraints, not simply its list of components.", "layers": [ { "id": "motion-transmission", "name": "Motion transmission", "description": "Captures the mechanism connecting input motion to output motion.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinematic-relationship", "name": "Kinematic relationship", "description": "Record the motion path, relevant geometry and configuration-dependent transmission relationship.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which levers, gears, pulleys, screws, sliding contacts or other mechanisms transmit the input?", "kind": "definition", "id": "kinematic-relationship-q01" }, { "text": "How do input and output displacement, direction and speed relate across the usable travel?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "kinematic-relationship-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reactions-and-restraints", "name": "Reactions and restraints", "description": "Identifies the constraints that make the intended force transfer possible.", "findings": [ { "id": "reaction-load-path", "name": "Reaction load path", "description": "Record how pivots, bearings, frames, anchors and contact surfaces carry reaction forces.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which supports or contacts carry reactions, and which must remain fixed, aligned or engaged?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reaction-load-path-q01" }, { "text": "What installation or setup checks establish that those constraints can sustain the intended operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "reaction-load-path-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "effort-performance-and-limits", "name": "Effort, performance and limits", "description": "Relates effort and movement to achievable output within an evidenced operating envelope.", "rationale": "An agent needs to distinguish theoretical advantage, actual performance and permissible loading.", "layers": [ { "id": "mechanical-exchange", "name": "Mechanical exchange", "description": "Accounts for force or torque transformation, movement trade-offs and energy losses.", "findings": [ { "id": "advantage-and-losses", "name": "Advantage and losses", "description": "Record ideal and observed transmission performance with explicit interfaces and measurement conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What force ratio or torque ratio applies at the stated configuration, and how was it calculated or measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "advantage-and-losses-q01" }, { "text": "How much input work becomes useful output work over the same interval, accounting for changes in stored energy?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "advantage-and-losses-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "admissible-loading", "name": "Admissible loading", "description": "Defines the supported combinations of load, speed, travel and duration.", "findings": [ { "id": "operating-envelope-evidence", "name": "Operating-envelope evidence", "description": "Record limits together with their configuration, conditions and documentary or test basis.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which load, speed, travel and duty-cycle combinations are permitted, and which proposed combinations remain unassessed?", "kind": "action", "id": "operating-envelope-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which manufacturer document, engineering assessment or test establishes each limit for the relevant configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "operating-envelope-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-energy-control", "name": "Operation and energy control", "description": "Captures how motion starts, changes and stops, including energy that remains after stopping.", "rationale": "Machines may move through manual effort, external power, inertia or stored energy, so command state alone is insufficient.", "layers": [ { "id": "operating-transitions", "name": "Operating transitions", "description": "Describes available controls or manual actions and their mechanical effects.", "findings": [ { "id": "start-stop-and-reversal", "name": "Start, stop and reversal", "description": "Record how engagement, input application, stopping and reversal affect the load and mechanism.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which manual actions or controls start, engage, stop or reverse the mechanism, and what preconditions apply?", "kind": "action", "id": "start-stop-and-reversal-q01" }, { "text": "What happens to motion and load support when input effort or external power is removed?", "kind": "definition", "id": "start-stop-and-reversal-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazardous-energy", "name": "Hazardous energy", "description": "Accounts for inertia, suspended loads, springs, pressure and other sources of unintended movement.", "findings": [ { "id": "intervention-preconditions", "name": "Intervention preconditions", "description": "Record energy sources, accessible mechanical hazards and the verified conditions needed for intervention.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which parts can continue moving, back-drive, fall or release stored energy after an apparent stop?", "kind": "definition", "id": "intervention-preconditions-q01" }, { "text": "What isolation, blocking, dissipation and verification steps are required before clearing a jam or entering the mechanism?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-preconditions-q02" }, { "text": "Which guards, interlocks or other protective measures apply, and what evidence supports their required condition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "intervention-preconditions-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "degradation-and-return-to-service", "name": "Degradation and return to service", "description": "Connects mechanical deterioration with inspection, repair and renewed operating eligibility.", "rationale": "Wear can change force transmission, load retention and stopping behaviour before a machine ceases to function.", "layers": [ { "id": "failure-and-condition", "name": "Failure and condition", "description": "Identifies deterioration in the machine's load path and moving interfaces.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanical-degradation-indicators", "name": "Mechanical degradation indicators", "description": "Record applicable failure modes and observable evidence such as backlash, slip, cracking or abnormal friction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which failure modes could interrupt force transfer, release the load or cause unintended motion in this mechanism?", "kind": "definition", "id": "mechanical-degradation-indicators-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations or measurements distinguish acceptable wear from a condition requiring withdrawal?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mechanical-degradation-indicators-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "maintenance-and-verification", "name": "Maintenance and verification", "description": "Defines evidence needed to maintain or restore the intended mechanical behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-acceptance", "name": "Service acceptance", "description": "Record applicable lubrication, adjustment, replacement and post-intervention acceptance requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which maintenance actions and consumables are required for the mechanism, and what conditions trigger them?", "kind": "action", "id": "service-acceptance-q01" }, { "text": "What checks establish acceptable force transfer, load retention and stopping behaviour after repair or adjustment?", "kind": "action", "id": "service-acceptance-q02" }, { "text": "Which instructions or applicable standards, identified by issuer and edition, establish these acceptance requirements?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "service-acceptance-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The requested sense is the classical mechanics sense; the six listed kinds are the conventional simple machines, not an exhaustive taxonomy of modern machinery.", "Force multiplication is accompanied by a displacement trade-off; friction and other losses reduce useful output work relative to input work.", "There is no useful class-wide range for capacity, dimensions or operating speed, and applicable identifiers and safety requirements depend on the particular machine and use." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Lever", "Wheel and axle", "Pulley", "Inclined plane", "Wedge", "Screw" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Lifting loads with levers, pulleys or screw jacks", "Moving loads to a higher elevation using ramps", "Splitting or cutting materials using wedges", "Transmitting force and motion through wheels and axles", "Clamping components using screw mechanisms" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Overloading can bend, fracture or buckle load-bearing components.", "Wear, poor lubrication or contamination can increase friction and cause seizure.", "Slipping loads, failed supports or unintended reverse motion can release a load.", "Moving components can create pinch, crush, shear or entanglement hazards.", "Stored elastic energy or raised loads can cause unexpected movement when restraints are released." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "mechanism", "difference": "A mechanism is an arrangement that constrains or transmits motion; a machine in this sense uses force and motion to overcome resistance." }, { "name": "tool", "difference": "A tool is an implement used to perform a task; tools such as wedges and levers also qualify as machines, but the terms classify objects by different criteria." }, { "name": "engine", "difference": "An engine converts an energy supply into mechanical output; a machine in this sense may simply transmit force supplied by a person or another device." }, { "name": "compound machine", "difference": "A compound machine combines multiple simple machines into an interacting assembly." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry explicitly include all conventional simple machines, including fixed inclined planes and wedges, within this entry?", "Which existing Vercy models already own overlapping concepts such as tool, mechanism, engine and powered machinery, and should this entry link to any of them?", "How should the model represent machines whose load interaction is distributed through fluid flow rather than concentrated at a discrete output point?", "Which machine subclasses, intended uses and jurisdictions determine applicable standards or certification requirements?", "Which characteristics can receive meaningful kind-level ranges, and which require a specified mechanism, product configuration or measured unit?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 15, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a machine, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "a device for overcoming resistance at one point by applying force at some other point", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "operable", "mobility": "portable", "scale": "handheld" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "picked up and handled", "operated or controlled" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ax head, axe head, balance wheel, balance, bevel gear, pinion and crown wheel, pinion and ring gear, bicycle wheel, bollock, bullock block, buffing wheel, cartwheel.", "58 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a machine, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Fits in a hand and is carried without help.", "Moved by a person without machinery.", "Does something when operated, and nothing when not." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "pick it up, hold it, put it somewhere else", "operate it, set it, turn it on and off" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "ax head", "axe head", "balance wheel", "balance", "bevel gear", "pinion and crown wheel", "pinion and ring gear", "bicycle wheel", "bollock", "bullock block", "buffing wheel", "cartwheel" ] } ], "standing": "58 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one machine from another, and a machine from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a machine sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a machine from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a machine is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples at handheld scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a machine is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a machine is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a machine is, how it got there and where it may go (portable).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a machine is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a machine is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a machine passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a machine between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a machine, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a machine is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety-and-constraints", "name": "Safety, rules and constraints", "description": "How a machine can hurt someone, and what the rules say about it.", "rationale": "A model of a thing that can cause harm has to carry the harm and the rule, or the agent will infer neither.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazards-and-mitigations", "name": "Hazards and mitigations", "description": "What goes wrong, to whom, and what prevents it.", "findings": [ { "id": "hazard-profile", "name": "Hazard profile and mitigations", "description": "The ways a machine causes harm and the measures that reduce it.", "questions": [ { "id": "hazard-profile-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the hazards of a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "hazard-profile-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the hazards of a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "hazard-profile-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the hazards of a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "rules-and-permissions", "name": "Rules, permits and jurisdiction", "description": "Who is allowed to do what with a machine, and where.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-rules", "name": "Applicable rules and permissions", "description": "The rules that bind an agent acting on a machine, with the jurisdiction they hold in.", "questions": [ { "id": "applicable-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the rules covering a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "applicable-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the rules covering a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "applicable-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the rules covering a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What machine is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does machine perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise machine, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How machine is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does machine have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does machine need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about machine is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about machine hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern machine, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a machine came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a machine and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a machine is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 19, "findings": 21, "questions": 57 } } } }