{ "model": { "rank": 3756, "code": "thing-mixture", "model_id": "vr.tr.mixture", "name": "mixture", "purpose": "(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/mixture/", "tier": 2, "score": 82, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "silver protein", "type slug", "slug", "alloy", "metal", "colloid", "mechanical mixture", "eutectic", "gel", "colloidal gel", "hydrogel", "sol", "colloidal solution", "colloidal suspension", "emulsion", "oroide", "oreide", "amalgam", "dental amalgam", "fusible metal", "brass", "bronze", "gunmetal", "phosphor bronze", "cupronickel", "electrum", "pewter", "pinchbeck", "pot metal", "hard solder", "silver solder", "soft solder", "solder", "white gold", "type metal", "white metal", "bearing metal", "alpha-beta brass", "Muntz metal", "yellow metal" ], "aliasCount": 108, "merged": 82, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.substance", "senseRank": 0, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-14610438-n", "ili": "i113677", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T15:04:37Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 31.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c65-18d0-7943-a37b-402c87a39408\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: mixture\nSense to describe: (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical b", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 82.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c65-18de-7303-afdf-97932ad398b5\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: mixture\nRegistry id: vr.tr.mixture\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mi" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-MIXTURE", "registryId": "vr.tr.mixture", "name": "mixture", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/mixture/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.mixture", "name": "mixture", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a chemical mixture, assess its composition and condition, and determine appropriate handling, sampling, use and separation actions.", "definition": "A mixture, in chemistry, is a material containing two or more chemical substances whose relative proportions are not constrained by a single chemical formula and whose coexistence does not itself constitute formation of a new compound.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the chemical-material sense of mixture registered as vr.tr.mixture in PHY.MAT: two or more constituent substances present together without a required fixed stoichiometric ratio or chemical bonding that unites them as a single compound, including composition, phase distribution, condition-dependent properties and constraints on action.", "in_scope": [ "Constituent identities, proportions, impurities and uncertainty in composition", "Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, including solutions, suspensions, emulsions and gas mixtures", "Phase distribution, spatial uniformity and sampling representativeness", "Measured mixture properties under stated temperature, pressure and test conditions", "Mixing, separation, storage stability and changes in constituent identity", "Composition-specific hazards, intended-use limits and applicable mixture classifications" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Pure substances and individual compounds as standalone chemical identities", "Products, packaging and commercial offerings that contain a mixture", "Mixers, separators and other processing equipment", "Complete manufacturing processes and reaction mechanisms", "Statistical mixture models and figurative uses of the word mixture" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The material contains at least two constituent substances; variation in particle size or physical state alone does not establish a mixture.", "Its constituents are not required to occur in the fixed stoichiometric ratio defining a particular compound, although a formulation may specify precise proportions.", "A visually uniform material can still be a mixture; appearance alone cannot distinguish a solution from a pure substance.", "Intermolecular interactions do not by themselves make the material a single compound; chemical conversion must be distinguished from mixing.", "The entry describes material composition and behaviour, independently of the product name, container or equipment used to make it." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Constituent identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to constituent substances, with identifier system, identity confidence and unresolved fractions", "why_it_matters": "Establishes what is mixed and which constituent information can support assessment." }, { "name": "Composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction, mole fraction, volume fraction or concentration with explicit basis, units, uncertainty and reference conditions", "why_it_matters": "Controls reproducibility, property interpretation and suitability for use." }, { "name": "Formulation or grade", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named specification, constituent ranges, impurity limits and acceptance criteria", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes acceptable variation from contamination or an unsuitable batch." }, { "name": "Phase constitution", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Number and physical states of phases, their fractions and constituent partitioning at stated conditions", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a bulk composition describes the portion actually sampled or used." }, { "name": "Homogeneity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Spatial variation in selected constituent concentrations at a stated sampling scale and time", "why_it_matters": "Supports representative sampling and consistent dosing." }, { "name": "Dispersed structure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Particle or droplet size distribution in µm or nm, with morphology and measurement method where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess settling, dispersion stability, filtration and flow." }, { "name": "Thermophysical behaviour", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Density in kg/m³, viscosity in Pa·s and phase-transition temperatures or ranges in K or °C, each with composition and test conditions", "why_it_matters": "Supports transfer, storage and separation decisions without assuming pure-substance constants." }, { "name": "Storage stability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed or assessed settling, creaming, phase separation, precipitation, evaporation or chemical change over a stated interval", "why_it_matters": "Indicates whether composition and performance remain suitable during storage." }, { "name": "Separation behaviour", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Candidate physical methods linked to recoverable fractions, operating conditions, recovery and purity evidence", "why_it_matters": "Connects constituent and phase differences to feasible recovery or fractionation." }, { "name": "Hazard and regulatory status", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Mixture classification, assessment basis, applicable jurisdiction, version and supporting evidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports handling decisions without treating constituent classifications as an automatic mixture classification." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and compare mixtures using constituent identities, composition ranges and grade requirements.", "Plan representative sampling and select analyses that address unknown or variable fractions.", "Assess whether a mixture requires homogenisation, controlled storage or rejection before use.", "Evaluate dilution, blending or constituent adjustment against composition and compatibility constraints.", "Select candidate separation methods and specify the evidence needed to establish recovery and purity.", "Determine handling and use constraints from composition-specific measurements and applicable classification evidence." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "constituents-and-composition", "name": "Constituents and composition", "description": "Establishes which substances are present and how their amounts define the mixture.", "rationale": "Mixture identity depends on constituent composition and allowable variation rather than a single molecular formula.", "layers": [ { "id": "constituent-resolution", "name": "Constituent resolution", "description": "Separates identified constituents from unresolved, incidental and specification-limited material.", "findings": [ { "id": "constituent-accounting", "name": "Constituent accounting", "description": "Record constituent identities, their roles and the evidence supporting identification, preserving unknown fractions explicitly.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which substances are confirmed, suspected or unresolved, and what analysis or supplier evidence supports each identity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "constituent-accounting-q01" }, { "text": "Which constituents are intended ingredients, solvents, additives, impurities or contaminants under the applicable specification?", "kind": "definition", "id": "constituent-accounting-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-grade", "name": "Composition and grade", "description": "Defines amount bases, allowable ranges and the relationship between nominal formulation and observed material.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-basis-and-tolerance", "name": "Composition basis and tolerance", "description": "Record measured or declared composition with units, denominator, uncertainty and grade limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are amounts expressed by mass, volume or mole, and do they refer to the whole mixture, a dry basis or a particular phase?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-basis-and-tolerance-q01" }, { "text": "What constituent ranges and impurity limits define the grade, and does the assessed batch meet them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "composition-basis-and-tolerance-q02" }, { "text": "What portion of the total composition remains unaccounted for within measurement uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-basis-and-tolerance-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "phases-and-representative-sampling", "name": "Phases and representative sampling", "description": "Describes how constituents are distributed through phases and across the material being assessed.", "rationale": "A bulk composition can conceal concentration gradients, dispersed phases and portions with different properties.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-organisation", "name": "Phase organisation", "description": "Characterises homogeneous and heterogeneous states under explicit observation conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "phase-and-dispersion-description", "name": "Phase and dispersion description", "description": "Record phases, constituent partitioning and any continuous or dispersed structure without relying solely on visual appearance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which phases coexist at the stated temperature and pressure, and how are constituents distributed between them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "phase-and-dispersion-description-q01" }, { "text": "If a dispersed phase is present, what are its particle or droplet sizes and which phase is continuous?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "phase-and-dispersion-description-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sampling-and-uniformity", "name": "Sampling and uniformity", "description": "Connects sample location, preparation and timing to the mixture population represented.", "findings": [ { "id": "representative-portion", "name": "Representative portion", "description": "Specify the scale of claimed uniformity and whether sample preparation changes the state being measured.", "questions": [ { "text": "At what spatial scale and elapsed time is the mixture sufficiently uniform for its intended use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "representative-portion-q01" }, { "text": "Which sampling locations, depths and preparation steps are needed to represent the bulk mixture or a deliberately selected phase?", "kind": "action", "id": "representative-portion-q02" }, { "text": "Could agitation, filtration or transfer change the phase distribution or remove constituents before measurement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "representative-portion-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-condition-dependence", "name": "Properties and condition dependence", "description": "Relates measured behaviour to composition, phase state and test conditions.", "rationale": "Mixture properties cannot generally be assigned from a constituent value or assumed to remain constant as composition changes.", "layers": [ { "id": "bulk-property-evidence", "name": "Bulk property evidence", "description": "Captures properties relevant to the intended handling or use, with their measurement or estimation basis.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-property-values", "name": "Qualified property values", "description": "Associate each relevant property with the tested formulation, method and conditions, distinguishing measurements from estimates.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which density, viscosity, conductivity, pH or other property measurements are relevant and meaningful for this mixture?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualified-property-values-q01" }, { "text": "What composition, temperature, pressure and method apply to each value, and is it measured or estimated?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-property-values-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "phase-change-behaviour", "name": "Phase-change behaviour", "description": "Describes transitions and composition changes during heating, cooling or pressure changes.", "findings": [ { "id": "transition-ranges-and-fractionation", "name": "Transition ranges and fractionation", "description": "Record observed transition points or ranges and whether changing phase also changes the composition of retained material.", "questions": [ { "text": "At what stated pressure and composition do boiling, freezing, clouding or precipitation occur, and are they points or ranges?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "transition-ranges-and-fractionation-q01" }, { "text": "Does evaporation or another phase change preferentially remove constituents and alter the remaining mixture?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "transition-ranges-and-fractionation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mixing-stability-and-separation", "name": "Mixing, stability and separation", "description": "Tracks how physical operations and elapsed time change mixture composition and organisation.", "rationale": "Agents need to distinguish reversible redistribution from constituent loss or chemical conversion before choosing corrective actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "state-evolution", "name": "State evolution", "description": "Records changes during storage and use and the conditions under which the material remains suitable.", "findings": [ { "id": "physical-and-chemical-change", "name": "Physical and chemical change", "description": "Distinguish settling, phase separation and evaporation from reactions that alter constituent identities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which physical or chemical changes occur over the intended storage interval, and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "physical-and-chemical-change-q01" }, { "text": "Can agitation restore an acceptable distribution, or has constituent loss or conversion changed the composition?", "kind": "action", "id": "physical-and-chemical-change-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-changing-operations", "name": "Composition-changing operations", "description": "Evaluates blending, dilution and separation against target composition and recovery requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "operation-feasibility", "name": "Operation feasibility", "description": "Link candidate operations to relevant constituent differences, compatibility evidence and measurable acceptance criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "What additions or removals would achieve the target composition, and what compatibility or phase-behaviour evidence is required first?", "kind": "action", "id": "operation-feasibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which differences in volatility, solubility, size, density or affinity support a candidate separation, and what recovery and purity can be demonstrated?", "kind": "action", "id": "operation-feasibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mixture-hazards-and-use-constraints", "name": "Mixture hazards and use constraints", "description": "Connects actual composition and physical form to classification, exposure assessment and permitted uses.", "rationale": "A mixture needs its own assessment basis, including concentration effects, interactions and jurisdiction-specific treatment.", "layers": [ { "id": "classification-and-identity", "name": "Classification and identity", "description": "Distinguishes mixture-level identifiers and assessments from records belonging only to constituents.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-mixture-record", "name": "Applicable mixture record", "description": "Record identifiers, safety information and classification only for the composition and jurisdiction they actually cover.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does each CAS number, EC number or PubChem record identify the whole mixture, a constituent or a broader material category?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "applicable-mixture-record-q01" }, { "text": "Which mixture classification applies in the relevant jurisdiction, and what testing, calculation or other accepted evidence supports it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-mixture-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-use-envelope", "name": "Handling and use envelope", "description": "Connects concentration, physical form and exposure routes to evidence-supported handling and use limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-specific-action-limits", "name": "Condition-specific action limits", "description": "Record constraints for the actual mixture and operation, including unresolved hazards that prevent a confident decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which exposure limits, material incompatibilities and storage constraints apply to this composition and physical form, and what is their documented scope?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "condition-specific-action-limits-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence is needed before heating, spraying, diluting or blending the mixture under the proposed conditions?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-specific-action-limits-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This covers the chemical sense of mixture. 'No chemical bonding' is too absolute: constituents can exhibit intermolecular interactions, solvation and association without the material becoming a single compound.", "Mixtures have no universal melting point, boiling point, purity, hazard class or exposure limit; these require a specified composition and conditions.", "Identifier applicability and regulatory requirements need checking for the particular formulation and jurisdiction; the kinds listed overlap rather than forming an exclusive taxonomy." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of mixture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Homogeneous mixtures, including solutions", "Heterogeneous mixtures", "Suspensions", "Colloidal dispersions", "Emulsions", "Gas mixtures" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of mixture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "Two to seven digits, a hyphen, two digits, a hyphen, and one check digit", "note": "Constituents may have CAS numbers, and some defined mixtures have registry entries; there is no single CAS number identifying mixtures as a general category." }, { "scheme": "Unique Formula Identifier (UFI)", "value_or_pattern": "16 alphanumeric characters, commonly displayed in four groups of four", "note": "Used in the EU poison-centre notification framework to associate covered mixture formulations with submitted information; it is not a universal chemical identity." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of mixture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)", "European Union Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation (CLP)", "European Union Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals Regulation (REACH)", "United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration Hazard Communication Standard" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of mixture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Formulation of paints, coatings, adhesives and cleaning products", "Preparation of pharmaceutical formulations", "Blending fuels, lubricants and industrial gases", "Production of foods and beverages", "Preparation of laboratory solutions and analytical calibration mixtures" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of mixture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Constituent mass fraction", "typical_range": "0-1 by definition; constituent fractions sum to 1", "unit": "kg/kg" }, { "quantity": "Constituent mole fraction", "typical_range": "0-1 by definition; constituent fractions sum to 1", "unit": "mol/mol" }, { "quantity": "Mass concentration", "typical_range": "Mixture-specific; depends on constituent and conditions", "unit": "g/L" }, { "quantity": "Density", "typical_range": "Mixture-specific; composition, temperature and pressure must be stated", "unit": "kg/m³" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of mixture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Phase separation, sedimentation or creaming can make composition uneven.", "Evaporation or preferential loss of a constituent can change concentration and performance.", "Incompatible constituents can react, releasing heat, gas or hazardous products.", "Flammability, toxicity and corrosivity depend on composition and cannot always be inferred by averaging constituent properties.", "Contamination or blending errors can place composition outside its specified limits." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of mixture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Chemical hazard classification and labelling requirements differ between jurisdictions implementing GHS.", "The EU uses CLP and REACH frameworks, while US workplace hazard communication is governed by OSHA requirements.", "Poison-centre notification and formulation identification requirements vary by jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of mixture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Pure substance", "difference": "A pure substance has a single chemical identity; a mixture contains multiple constituent substances." }, { "name": "Chemical compound", "difference": "A compound has chemically combined elements defining a chemical substance; mixing constituent substances does not itself create that identity." }, { "name": "Solution", "difference": "A solution is a homogeneous mixture; mixtures also include heterogeneous materials." }, { "name": "Alloy", "difference": "An alloy is a material with metallic character containing multiple elements; its phases may include solid solutions and intermetallic compounds." }, { "name": "Formulated product", "difference": "A formulated product is specified for an intended use and may contain a mixture; mixture describes composition rather than commercial purpose." }, { "name": "Mixing", "difference": "Mixing is a process; a mixture is the resulting or existing material." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of mixture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the other registry entry named mixture represent the same chemical sense, and does an existing world model already provide the authoritative publication?", "How should this registry distinguish mixtures from variable-composition substances, solid solutions and materials whose constituent identities are only partly resolved?", "What evidence thresholds and sampling scales should support claims of homogeneity and composition completeness for different mixture classes?", "How should reacting mixtures track changing constituents while remaining linked to neighbouring reaction and process models?", "Which authoritative identifier and classification sources cover the intended jurisdictions, and how should formulations without a mixture-level identifier be represented?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 31 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a mixture, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: silver protein, type slug, slug, alloy, metal, colloid, mechanical mixture, eutectic, gel, colloidal gel, hydrogel, sol.", "82 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a mixture, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "silver protein", "type slug", "slug", "alloy", "metal", "colloid", "mechanical mixture", "eutectic", "gel", "colloidal gel", "hydrogel", "sol" ] } ], "standing": "82 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one mixture from another, and a mixture from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a mixture sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a mixture from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a mixture is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a mixture is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a mixture is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a mixture is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a mixture is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a mixture is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a mixture passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a mixture between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a mixture, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a mixture is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What mixture is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name mixture unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of mixture exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How mixture behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of mixture, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is mixture incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How mixture can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is mixture classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover mixture, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a mixture came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a mixture and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a mixture is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a mixture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a mixture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a mixture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }