{ "model": { "rank": 2695, "code": "thing-muscle", "model_id": "vr.tr.muscle", "name": "muscle", "purpose": "one of the contractile organs of the body", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/muscle/", "tier": 2, "score": 99, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "musculus", "skeletal muscle", "striated muscle", "voluntary muscle", "abductor", "abductor muscle", "musculus abductor digiti minimi manus", "musculus abductor digiti minimi pedis", "musculus abductor hallucis", "musculus abductor pollicis", "adductor", "adductor muscle", "musculus adductor brevis", "musculus adductor longus", "musculus adductor magnus", "great adductor muscle", "musculus adductor hallucis", "pronator", "supinator", "levator", "anconeous muscle", "musculus anconeus", "antagonistic muscle", "agonist", "antagonist", "articular muscle", "musculus articularis cubiti", "musculus articularis genus", "cheek muscle", "buccinator muscle", "musculus buccinator", "masseter", "platysma", "extensor muscle", "extensor", "quadriceps", "quadriceps femoris", "musculus quadriceps femoris", "quad", "flexor muscle" ], "aliasCount": 198, "merged": 99, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.body", "senseRank": 0, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-05296796-n", "ili": "i64755", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:09:01Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00826064, "turns": 1, "seconds": 78.8, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 74.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b8c-2168-7d52-8ccf-417a545b546c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: muscle\nRegistry id: vr.tr.muscle\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: one of the contractile organs of the body\nNames folded into this " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-MUSCLE", "registryId": "vr.tr.muscle", "name": "muscle", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/muscle/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.muscle", "name": "muscle", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an individual muscle organ, assess its capacity and condition, and identify actions consistent with its anatomical role and observed limits.", "definition": "A muscle is an anatomical organ composed of elongated contractile cells (myocytes) bound by connective-tissue sheaths into a unit that generates force and shortening, or resists stretch, under neural or myogenic control, typically acting through tendons or aponeuroses on a skeleton, viscus, or skin.", "scope_statement": "This model owns an anatomically identifiable muscle organ, including its contractile tissue, supporting internal structures, anatomical relationships, activation, mechanical contribution and condition; it distinguishes the organ from muscle tissue, muscle groups and whole-body performance.", "in_scope": [ "Muscle identity, species, anatomical location, laterality and constituent heads or compartments", "Fascicle organisation, attachment interfaces and relationships to neighbouring structures", "Activation, contraction and force transmission under specified conditions", "Capacity, fatigue, recovery and adaptation over time", "Local integrity, symptoms and constraints relevant to observation or loading" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Muscle tissue or individual fibres studied independently of an identified muscle organ", "Whole-body fitness, exercise programmes and coordinated movement performance", "Independent models of tendons, bones, joints, nerves and blood vessels", "The heart as a complete pumping organ and other organs containing muscular walls", "Systemic diseases, clinical diagnoses and treatment plans" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An individual muscle has an anatomical identity and boundary; a muscle group denotes several such organs acting or described together.", "A muscle contains contractile tissue organised as an organ; a tendon primarily transmits force and is not itself the contractile organ.", "A tissue sample qualifies as material from a muscle, but does not establish the identity or extent of the whole organ.", "A named head or compartment must be checked against anatomical convention before being treated as a separate muscle.", "Contractile tissue within a heart or hollow-organ wall does not by itself establish a separately registered muscle organ." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Anatomical identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Species-qualified anatomical name, terminology reference and recognised variants", "why_it_matters": "Establishes which organ is represented and prevents similarly named structures from being conflated." }, { "name": "Location and laterality", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Body region; left, right, midline, unpaired or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes individual instances and anchors observations to the correct site." }, { "name": "Attachments and force-transmission interfaces", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified attachment structures and interfaces, including tendon, aponeurosis or direct attachment where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Connects contraction to the structures on which the muscle can act." }, { "name": "Fascicle architecture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Fascicle length in mm and pennation angle in degrees, with site, posture and method", "why_it_matters": "Helps interpret mechanical behaviour and changes in muscle structure." }, { "name": "Muscle size", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Volume in cm³ or explicitly defined cross-sectional area in cm², with method and sampling location", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison over time without treating size as a direct measurement of strength." }, { "name": "Mechanical output", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Muscle force in N when measured or estimated; joint torque in N·m recorded as a contextual proxy", "why_it_matters": "Records mechanical contribution while distinguishing individual-muscle estimates from combined joint output." }, { "name": "Activation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Method-specific signal, such as EMG amplitude in mV or a stated normalised percentage", "why_it_matters": "Describes evidence of activation without equating electrical activity with force." }, { "name": "Contraction behaviour", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Active shortening, active lengthening, active near-constant length, inactive or unresolved; specify observation scale", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes how the muscle is operating during a particular task." }, { "name": "Local condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed integrity, symptoms, fatigue and recovery status, each with time and evidence", "why_it_matters": "Makes limitations and changes visible without converting uncertain observations into diagnoses." } ], "affordances": [ "Locate and identify the muscle and distinguish it from adjacent muscles or other tissues.", "Relate its attachments and activation to a specified movement or stabilising task.", "Select observations that address uncertainty about its structure, activation or mechanical contribution.", "Compare its condition and performance across sessions using matched measurement conditions.", "Assess a proposed loading or measurement action against recorded limits and required professional authorisation.", "Flag observations that require further assessment before an action can be justified." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "ta2", "title": "Terminologia Anatomica, 2nd edition (TA2)", "url": "https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/", "what_it_supports": "Official IFAA nomenclature for muscles as organs and the skeletal/cardiac/smooth partition used in human anatomy.", "url_status": "unverified" }, { "id": "fma", "title": "Foundational Model of Anatomy: Muscle organ (FMA 5022) and related classes", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_5022", "what_it_supports": "Formal organ-level definition of muscle as a contractile anatomical structure distinct from muscle tissue.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "uberon", "title": "UBERON: muscle organ (UBERON:0001630)", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630", "what_it_supports": "Cross-species ontology class for a contractile organ, linking vertebrate and some invertebrate usage.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "gray", "title": "Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Standard clinical description of muscle as an organ, architecture (epimysium-perimysium-endomysium), innervation and actions." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "muscle-identity-and-extent", "name": "Muscle identity and extent", "description": "Establishes which muscle organ is represented and where its anatomical ownership ends.", "rationale": "Muscle names, heads and tissue boundaries can otherwise produce duplicate or incorrectly scoped organ records.", "layers": [ { "id": "anatomical-identification", "name": "Anatomical identification", "description": "Resolves the muscle's name within a species and body location.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-qualified-muscle-identity", "name": "Species-qualified muscle identity", "description": "Records anatomical designation, laterality and variants with evidence for the identification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which species, anatomical name, body region and side identify this muscle?", "kind": "definition", "id": "species-qualified-muscle-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Which anatomical reference or direct observation supports that identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "species-qualified-muscle-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "organ-boundaries", "name": "Organ boundaries", "description": "Separates the muscle organ from its subdivisions and neighbouring structures.", "findings": [ { "id": "heads-compartments-and-interfaces", "name": "Heads, compartments and interfaces", "description": "Identifies included subdivisions and the interfaces through which adjacent structures relate to the muscle.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which heads, bellies or compartments belong to this muscle rather than separate muscle organs?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "heads-compartments-and-interfaces-q01" }, { "text": "Where does this muscle's represented extent meet tendons, aponeuroses, fascia or neighbouring muscles?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "heads-compartments-and-interfaces-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "architecture-and-force-transmission", "name": "Architecture and force transmission", "description": "Connects internal organisation and attachments to the muscle's mechanical contribution.", "rationale": "A muscle's action depends on its architecture, attachment geometry and task configuration.", "layers": [ { "id": "contractile-architecture", "name": "Contractile architecture", "description": "Describes the size and arrangement of the contractile structure under stated conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "fascicle-and-size-observations", "name": "Fascicle and size observations", "description": "Records muscle dimensions and fascicle geometry while preserving the measurement context.", "questions": [ { "text": "What muscle volume, cross-sectional area, fascicle length or pennation angle has been measured, and at which site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fascicle-and-size-observations-q01" }, { "text": "What posture, activation condition and measurement method accompanied those observations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "fascicle-and-size-observations-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "attachment-mechanics", "name": "Attachment mechanics", "description": "Describes the path by which contraction affects attached structures.", "findings": [ { "id": "task-specific-mechanical-contribution", "name": "Task-specific mechanical contribution", "description": "Relates attachment geometry to movement or stabilisation without assuming a fixed action in every posture.", "questions": [ { "text": "Through which attachments does this muscle transmit force, and which structures can it move or stabilise?", "kind": "definition", "id": "task-specific-mechanical-contribution-q01" }, { "text": "For the specified posture and task, what evidence supports its line of action, moment arm where relevant and mechanical contribution?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "task-specific-mechanical-contribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "activation-and-contraction", "name": "Activation and contraction", "description": "Records how the muscle is recruited and what mechanical behaviour accompanies that recruitment.", "rationale": "Activation signals, tissue motion and force are different observations that must be interpreted together.", "layers": [ { "id": "innervation-and-recruitment", "name": "Innervation and recruitment", "description": "Links the muscle to its neural supply and evidence of task-dependent activation.", "findings": [ { "id": "activation-evidence", "name": "Activation evidence", "description": "Records innervation relationships and activation observations with their attribution limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which nerve supply is documented for this muscle or its separately innervated compartments?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "activation-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "How was activation observed, normalised and distinguished from signals originating in adjacent muscles?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "activation-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "contraction-and-output", "name": "Contraction and output", "description": "Distinguishes activation, length change and output during a defined task.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-contractile-behaviour", "name": "Observed contractile behaviour", "description": "Records whether the active muscle shortens, lengthens or maintains approximately constant length, and how output is attributed.", "questions": [ { "text": "During the task, what length change is observed at the fascicle, muscle belly or muscle-tendon unit level?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-contractile-behaviour-q01" }, { "text": "Is the reported output an individual-muscle force measurement, a model estimate or joint torque involving several muscles?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observed-contractile-behaviour-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-fatigue-and-adaptation", "name": "Capacity, fatigue and adaptation", "description": "Tracks task-specific capacity and its change with exertion, recovery and repeated exposure.", "rationale": "A muscle's current ability cannot be inferred from its identity or size alone, and varies with testing conditions and recent use.", "layers": [ { "id": "task-specific-capacity", "name": "Task-specific capacity", "description": "Characterises the performance the muscle contributes to under a defined protocol.", "findings": [ { "id": "capacity-and-fatigability", "name": "Capacity and fatigability", "description": "Records initial output and its change during repeated or sustained effort.", "questions": [ { "text": "What output or task duration is supported under a stated load, posture, contraction mode and protocol?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "capacity-and-fatigability-q01" }, { "text": "How does output change during exertion, and what limits attribution of that change to this muscle?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "capacity-and-fatigability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "recovery-and-longitudinal-change", "name": "Recovery and longitudinal change", "description": "Separates short-term recovery observations from longer-term changes in structure or capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "response-to-loading-history", "name": "Response to loading history", "description": "Relates repeated observations to documented use, unloading and recovery intervals without assuming causation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What recent loading or unloading preceded the observation, and how much recovery time elapsed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "response-to-loading-history-q01" }, { "text": "Under comparable conditions, what changes in size, output or fatigability exceed the method's uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "response-to-loading-history-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "integrity-and-action-constraints", "name": "Integrity and action constraints", "description": "Connects evidence about local condition to the justification and limits of proposed actions.", "rationale": "Observed symptoms and structural findings may affect what can be measured or loaded, but neither alone establishes a diagnosis or permission to intervene.", "layers": [ { "id": "local-condition-evidence", "name": "Local condition evidence", "description": "Records symptoms and structural observations with location, timing and uncertainty.", "findings": [ { "id": "symptoms-and-tissue-integrity", "name": "Symptoms and tissue integrity", "description": "Distinguishes reported experience from examination or imaging findings and preserves uncertain localisation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What pain, tenderness, swelling or functional change is reported, where is it located and when does it occur?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "symptoms-and-tissue-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "What examination or imaging evidence concerns this muscle's integrity, and how securely is the finding localised to it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "symptoms-and-tissue-integrity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "permitted-observation-and-loading", "name": "Permitted observation and loading", "description": "Makes the prerequisites and stopping conditions for a proposed muscle-related action explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "action-prerequisites-and-limits", "name": "Action prerequisites and limits", "description": "Records the evidence, authority and observed limits relevant to measurement, loading or referral for assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "For the proposed measurement or loading action, what recorded restrictions, consent or professional authorisation apply?", "kind": "action", "id": "action-prerequisites-and-limits-q01" }, { "text": "What missing evidence or observed response requires the action to be deferred, stopped or referred for further assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "action-prerequisites-and-limits-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "skeletal (striated, voluntary, typically attached to bone)", "cardiac (striated, involuntary myocardium)", "smooth (non-striated, involuntary, viscera and vessels)", "named skeletal muscle as an organ (e.g. biceps brachii, with origin, insertion, innervation)", "muscle fascicle / belly as a morphological part", "sphincter versus dilator / antagonistic pairs", "tonic versus phasic fibre-type dominance (type I slow-oxidative vs type II fast)", "extraocular, laryngeal and other specialised striated muscles" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of muscle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q7365", "note": "item 'muscle' (anatomical structure); cardiac and smooth muscle have distinct items." }, { "scheme": "FMA", "value_or_pattern": "FMA:5022", "note": "Muscle organ; individual named muscles have their own FMA identifiers." }, { "scheme": "UBERON", "value_or_pattern": "UBERON:0001630", "note": "muscle organ; contrast UBERON:0001134 muscle tissue." }, { "scheme": "TA2", "value_or_pattern": "TA2 A04.* (muscle chapter)", "note": "Latin/English official names; each named muscle has a TA2 code in chapter A04." }, { "scheme": "SNOMED CT", "value_or_pattern": "71616004 |Skeletal muscle structure (body structure)| and related hierarchy", "note": "Clinical body-structure codes; not a single code for all muscle kinds." }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D009132", "note": "Muscles; narrower headings for Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardium; Muscle, Smooth." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of muscle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IFAA / FIPAT Terminologia Anatomica (TA2) - official human anatomical names for muscles", "ISO 24156-1 / ISO/IEC 11179-style data-element practice is not muscle-specific; anatomical coding in EHR is typically SNOMED CT, ICD-11 extension codes, or LOINC for lab tests on muscle", "WHO ICD-11 - diseases of the musculoskeletal system and muscle (chapter 15) and myopathies; not a naming standard for the organ itself", "ILO / national OSH regulations (e.g. EU Machinery Directive risk assessment, OSHA / HSE manual-handling regs) govern exposure to muscle overload at work, not the organ as a product", "WADA Prohibited List - governs substances that act on muscle (anabolic agents), not the tissue as a commodity", "Human tissue and transplant law (e.g. EU Tissues and Cells Directives, US Uniform Anatomical Gift Act) when muscle is procured as tissue" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of muscle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Clinical examination and imaging (inspection, MRC power grades, EMG, MRI, ultrasound) to localise lesions of named muscles", "Surgical landmarks, tendon transfers, flap harvest (e.g. latissimus dorsi, gracilis) and intramuscular injection sites", "Histopathology and biopsy of skeletal muscle in myopathy and inflammatory myositis work-ups", "Sports science and rehabilitation: strength, hypertrophy, and return-to-play testing of muscle groups", "Meat and food: skeletal muscle as the principal edible tissue of livestock (but then treated as a food commodity, not an anatomical organ)", "Research models: isolated muscle preparations, cultured myotubes, and in vivo torque/force measurement" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of muscle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "maximum voluntary isometric force (or joint torque as a proxy)", "typical_range": "varies by muscle and subject; e.g. adult knee-extensor MVC often ~100-300 N·m", "unit": "N or N·m" }, { "quantity": "physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA)", "typical_range": "from <1 cm² (small hand muscles) to tens of cm² (quadriceps)", "unit": "cm²" }, { "quantity": "fibre length / pennation angle", "typical_range": "fibre length millimetres to tens of centimetres; pennation typically 0-30°", "unit": "mm and °" }, { "quantity": "muscle mass or volume", "typical_range": "a named human muscle from a few grams to >1 kg; total skeletal muscle ~30-40% of adult body mass", "unit": "g or cm³" }, { "quantity": "electromyographic activity", "typical_range": "surface EMG amplitudes typically tens to a few thousand µV depending on electrode and contraction", "unit": "µV or % MVC" }, { "quantity": "serum creatine kinase (systemic marker of muscle injury, not a property of one organ)", "typical_range": "reference roughly 30-200 U/L in adults, assay-dependent; much higher after damage", "unit": "U/L" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of muscle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Strain, tear, or rupture of muscle belly or myotendinous junction", "Contusion, compartment syndrome, and crush-related rhabdomyolysis with acute kidney injury", "Denervation atrophy, disuse atrophy, sarcopenia, and cachexia", "Inherited and acquired myopathies, muscular dystrophies, inflammatory myositis, and channelopathies (cramp, paralysis)", "Contracture, fibrosis, heterotopic ossification, and fatty replacement after injury or ischaemia", "Iatrogenic injury (intramuscular injection neuropathy, tourniquet ischaemia, surgical denervation)", "Cardiac muscle: ischaemia, infarction, arrhythmia, pump failure (neighbouring organ-system hazard, not skeletal)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of muscle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Eponyms versus descriptive names: many muscles still taught under Latin TA names in Europe and under Anglicised or eponymous names in some clinical English (e.g. musculus levator palpebrae superioris vs levator of the upper eyelid)", "Veterinary and comparative anatomy use homologous names that do not map 1:1 to human TA2 (e.g. animal 'cutaneous trunci', variable rhomboideus parts)", "Food-animal butchery nomenclature (primal cuts) does not coincide with anatomical muscle names", "Traditional Chinese medicine and some folk anatomies group 'sinew' / 'flesh' without the organ-level muscle concept of TA/FMA" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of muscle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "muscle tissue (as a tissue type)", "difference": "Tissue (myocytes plus endomysium) can exist as a portion of an organ; FMA/UBERON treat muscle organ as the named, encapsulated contractile organ with origin, insertion and innervation, not the tissue class." }, { "name": "tendon / aponeurosis", "difference": "Dense regular connective tissue transmitting force; continuous with muscle at the myotendinous junction but not contractile; distinguished histologically (collagen vs myofibres) and by imaging." }, { "name": "ligament", "difference": "Bone-to-bone connective tissue; no contractile fibres; origin/insertion pattern and lack of motor innervation separate it from muscle." }, { "name": "fascia / epimysium", "difference": "Connective-tissue envelope or plane around muscle; may be dissected from the contractile belly; not itself an independent contractile organ." }, { "name": "nerve (peripheral nerve entering a muscle)", "difference": "Conducts action potentials; stimulation or EMG source vs sink; a muscle without its nerve still has contractile tissue but is paralysed." }, { "name": "smooth-muscle-containing viscus (e.g. bladder wall) versus a named smooth-muscle organ", "difference": "Most 'smooth muscle' is a tissue layer of another organ; a sphincter named as a muscle (e.g. sphincter pupillae) is treated as a muscle organ only when anatomy lists it as such." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of muscle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend this entry to cover only individually named skeletal muscle organs, or also anatomically discrete non-skeletal contractile structures?", "Which species-specific anatomical authorities should determine whether a head, belly, sphincter or compartment is a separate muscle organ?", "Where should ownership of intramuscular tendons, aponeuroses and attachment regions end when neighbouring models also represent them?", "Which measurement methods support defensible attribution of force and fatigue to an individual muscle, and how should uncertainty be represented?", "Which task-specific evidence and qualified authority are required to turn observed muscle condition into an actionable loading constraint?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a muscle, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "one of the contractile organs of the body", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: musculus, skeletal muscle, striated muscle, voluntary muscle, abductor, abductor muscle, musculus abductor digiti minimi manus, musculus abductor digiti minimi pedis, musculus abductor hallucis, musculus abductor pollicis, adductor, adductor muscle.", "99 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a muscle, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "musculus", "skeletal muscle", "striated muscle", "voluntary muscle", "abductor", "abductor muscle", "musculus abductor digiti minimi manus", "musculus abductor digiti minimi pedis", "musculus abductor hallucis", "musculus abductor pollicis", "adductor", "adductor muscle" ] } ], "standing": "99 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one muscle from another, and a muscle from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a muscle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a muscle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a muscle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a muscle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a muscle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a muscle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a muscle sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a muscle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a muscle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a muscle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a muscle from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a muscle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a muscle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a muscle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a muscle is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a muscle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a muscle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a muscle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a muscle and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a muscle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a muscle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a muscle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a muscle is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a muscle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a muscle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a muscle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a muscle passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a muscle between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a muscle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a muscle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a muscle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a muscle, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a muscle is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a muscle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a muscle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a muscle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What muscle is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of muscle, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate muscle from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish muscle from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What muscle does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does muscle pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of muscle judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where muscle lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of muscle, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does muscle hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a muscle came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a muscle and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a muscle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a muscle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a muscle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a muscle is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a muscle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a muscle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a muscle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 15, "findings": 17, "questions": 45 } } } }