{ "model": { "rank": 2365, "code": "thing-payment", "model_id": "vr.tr.payment", "name": "payment", "purpose": "a sum of money paid or a claim discharged", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ECO", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/payment/", "tier": 2, "score": 108, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "royalty", "bounty", "premium", "bonus", "incentive", "dividend", "sales incentive", "allowance", "adjustment", "cost-of-living allowance", "depreciation allowance", "deduction", "discount", "trade discount", "seasonal adjustment", "tare", "overpayment", "underpayment", "wage", "pay", "earnings", "remuneration", "salary", "combat pay", "double time", "found", "half-pay", "living wage", "merit pay", "minimum wage", "pay envelope", "pay packet", "sick pay", "strike pay", "take-home pay", "subscription", "regular payment", "blood money", "recompense", "refund" ], "aliasCount": 149, "merged": 108, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.possession", "senseRank": 0, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-13299398-n", "ili": "i106441", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T04:36:02Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-PAYMENT", "registryId": "vr.tr.payment", "name": "payment", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ECO" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/payment/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.payment", "name": "payment", "purpose": "Let an agent describe payments by parties, amount, method, status and reference, and never execute a payment or transfer on anyone behalf.", "definition": "A transfer of money or other value from a payer to a payee to discharge an obligation, and the sum so transferred.", "what_it_is_for": "Settling debts and paying for goods, services, wages, taxes and benefits.", "affordances": [ "initiate and authorise it, which only the payer may do", "track it, through its status and reference", "reverse or dispute it, under the rules of the method", "reconcile it, against invoices and accounts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Discharges an obligation, which distinguishes it from a gift or a loan", "Has a method with its own rules for timing, cost and reversal", "Authorised by the payer", "The same word covers the act and the amount" ], "appearance": "A receipt, bank statement line, invoice marked paid, or a confirmation in an app, carrying amount, date, parties and reference.", "visual_identification": [ "Amount, currency, date, payer, payee and reference", "Status: pending, completed, failed, reversed", "Types such as royalty, bonus, dividend or premium describe the reason, not the method" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "by method: cash, card, bank transfer, direct debit, cheque, e-money, instant payment", "by purpose: wages, royalties, dividends, bonuses, premiums, taxes", "by timing: one-off, recurring, instalment" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "moves", "target": "money", "why": "payments transfer money" }, { "relation": "settles", "target": "invoice or debt", "why": "the obligation discharged" }, { "relation": "is processed by", "target": "payment system", "why": "card schemes, SEPA, Faster Payments and others" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "transfer of funds between own accounts", "why": "no obligation is discharged" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "payment reference", "value_or_pattern": "end-to-end id", "note": "links the payment to its purpose" }, { "scheme": "IBAN", "value_or_pattern": "up to 34 characters", "note": "identifies accounts, not payments" }, { "scheme": "ISO 20022 message", "value_or_pattern": "pacs, pain, camt messages", "note": "standard payment messages" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "EU Payment Services Directive (PSD2) and national equivalents", "ISO 20022 financial messaging", "Card scheme rules and chargeback procedures", "Anti-money-laundering and sanctions law" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Authorised push payment fraud", "Wrong payee or amount", "Duplicate payments", "Failed payments causing penalties" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "parties-and-amount", "name": "Parties and amount", "description": "Who pays whom, how much.", "rationale": "The core record of a payment is parties, amount and purpose.", "layers": [ { "id": "parties", "name": "Parties", "description": "Payer and payee.", "findings": [ { "id": "parties-finding", "name": "Parties identified", "description": "Payer and payee and their accounts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who is the payer and who the payee?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Has the payee been verified, for example by name check?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "amount", "name": "Amount and purpose", "description": "Sum, currency and reason.", "findings": [ { "id": "amount-finding", "name": "Amount and purpose", "description": "The amount, currency and obligation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What amount and currency, for which obligation?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which reference links it to the invoice or debt?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method", "description": "How the payment moves.", "rationale": "The method decides speed, cost and reversibility.", "layers": [ { "id": "channel", "name": "Channel", "description": "Card, transfer, debit, cash.", "findings": [ { "id": "channel-finding", "name": "Method used", "description": "The method and scheme.", "questions": [ { "text": "By which method and scheme is the payment made?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What does it cost, and who pays the fees?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "timing", "name": "Timing", "description": "Execution and settlement.", "findings": [ { "id": "timing-finding", "name": "Timing", "description": "When it executes and settles.", "questions": [ { "text": "When will it arrive, and when is it final?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "What cut-off times apply?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "status-and-disputes", "name": "Status and disputes", "description": "Where it is and what if it goes wrong.", "rationale": "Status and dispute rights are what people ask about.", "layers": [ { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Pending, completed, failed.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-finding", "name": "Current status", "description": "The status and its source.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the current status of this payment, according to which system?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What does that status mean for the payee?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disputes", "name": "Disputes and reversal", "description": "Chargebacks and recalls.", "findings": [ { "id": "disputes-finding", "name": "Dispute rights", "description": "Rights to dispute or reverse.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can this payment be disputed or recalled, and within what time?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Who should the payer contact?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls", "description": "Authorisation, fraud and law.", "rationale": "Payments are a main target of fraud and are heavily regulated; an agent must not execute them.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorisation", "name": "Authorisation", "description": "Strong authentication.", "findings": [ { "id": "authorisation-finding", "name": "Authorisation check", "description": "How the payer authorised it.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was this payment authorised?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Must the payer confirm it personally?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fraud", "name": "Fraud and sanctions", "description": "Screening and red flags.", "findings": [ { "id": "fraud-finding", "name": "Screening", "description": "Fraud and sanctions checks.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this payment show fraud red flags?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which sanctions or reporting rules apply?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should payment methods be separate entries?", "How should payment status be represented for agents answering \"has it been paid\"?", "How should payment purposes merged here, such as dividends and royalties, be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a payment, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "a sum of money paid or a claim discharged", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: royalty, bounty, premium, bonus, incentive, dividend, sales incentive, allowance, adjustment, cost-of-living allowance, depreciation allowance, deduction.", "108 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a payment, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "royalty", "bounty", "premium", "bonus", "incentive", "dividend", "sales incentive", "allowance", "adjustment", "cost-of-living allowance", "depreciation allowance", "deduction" ] } ], "standing": "108 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one payment from another, and a payment from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a payment, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a payment, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a payment is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a payment, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a payment, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a payment is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a payment sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a payment, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a payment, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a payment is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a payment from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a payment, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a payment, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a payment is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a payment passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a payment between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a payment, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a payment, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a payment is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a payment, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a payment is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a payment, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a payment, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a payment is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a payment.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a payment and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a payment, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a payment, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a payment, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a payment is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a payment and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a payment sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a payment, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a payment, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a payment is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What payment is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does payment take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of payment, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in payment and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of payment may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does payment have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a payment came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a payment and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a payment, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a payment, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a payment is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a payment is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a payment, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a payment, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a payment is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }