phone
(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent handle phones as units of phonetics with IPA transcription and articulatory description, distinct from phonemes and from telephones.
In phonetics, an individual speech sound as physically produced, regardless of whether it distinguishes meaning (a phoneme) in a language; realisations of a phoneme are allophones.
What it is for: Describing and transcribing speech sounds.
It can be transcribe it in IPA; describe its articulation; analyse it acoustically; relate it to phonemes.
Distinguishing features
A physical speech sound
Not necessarily a phoneme
Allophones are variants of phonemes
The telephone is a different sense
What it looks like
Heard as a sound; written in square brackets in IPA, such as [t].
How it is recognised
IPA symbols in square brackets
Spectrograms
Phonemes are written in slashes
Related models
realises - phonology
is studied by - phonetics
is confused with - a homonym
is transcribed in - notation
In practice
Families and kinds
consonants and vowels
allophones
suprasegmental features
Identifiers
IPA symbol Unicode IPA character transcription
Standards and regulation
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Failure modes and hazards
Confusing phones and phonemes
Inconsistent transcription
Analytical facets
- substance
- information
- origin
- conceptual
- agency
- inert
- mobility
- not-applicable
- scale
- not-applicable
- affordances
- readable
Also called
+61
Where this came from
oewn:2024 · CC BY 4.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Description Which sound.
Articulation defines the phone.
Articulation
Place and manner.
Articulation
Articulatory description.
- What are its place and manner of articulation? definition
- Is it voiced? definition
Symbol
IPA.
Symbol
IPA symbol.
- Which IPA symbol represents it? definition
- Which diacritics? definition
Phonology Relation to phonemes.
Phones realise phonemes.
Phoneme
Which phoneme.
Phoneme
Phoneme realised.
- Which phoneme does it realise in this language? definition
- Is it an allophone? boundary
Contrast
Meaningful differences.
Contrast
Contrastiveness.
- Does it contrast meaning in this language? boundary
- With which other sound? definition
Acoustics Physical sound.
Acoustics measure phones.
Measures
Formants and duration.
Acoustics
Acoustic measures.
- What are its acoustic properties? measurement
- How were they measured? provenance
Variation
Speakers and contexts.
Variation
Variation.
- How does it vary by speaker and context? measurement
- Which dialects differ? definition
Transcription Writing speech.
Consistency matters.
Narrow and broad
Detail level.
Transcription
Transcription level.
- Is the transcription narrow or broad? definition
- Which conventions are followed? provenance
Tools
Speech technology.
Tools
Speech tools.
- How do speech recognisers handle this phone? measurement
- Where do they fail? boundary
What the second pass must settle
- Should phones be linked to phoneme inventories per language?
- How should transcription conventions be recorded?
- The registry entry has merged aliases such as ablaut; should they be split off?