{ "model": { "rank": 9288, "code": "thing-property", "model_id": "vr.tr.property", "name": "property", "purpose": "something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ECO", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/property/", "tier": 2, "score": 48, "payload": { "layer": "wordnet", "aliases": [ "freehold", "belongings", "holding", "tangible possession", "material possession", "worldly possessions", "worldly belongings", "worldly goods", "ratables", "rateables", "hereditament", "intellectual property", "community property", "personal property", "personal estate", "personalty", "private property", "chattel", "personal chattel", "movable", "effects", "personal effects", "real property", "real estate", "realty", "immovable", "estate", "land", "landed estate", "acres", "demesne", "commonage", "glebe", "landholding", "salvage", "shareholding", "spiritualty", "spirituality", "church property", "temporalty" ], "aliasCount": 85, "merged": 48, "knownIn": 0, "facets": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "not-applicable", "scale": "not-applicable", "affordances": [ "observable" ] }, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "noun.possession", "senseRank": 0, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "oewn:2024", "synset": "oewn-13265007-n", "ili": "i106242", "license": "CC BY 4.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:00:01Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-PROPERTY", "registryId": "vr.tr.property", "name": "property", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ECO" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/property/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.property", "name": "property", "purpose": "Let an agent handle property by object, owner, kind of right and evidence of title, and not confuse ownership with possession or use.", "definition": "Something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that belongs to someone, such as land, buildings, goods, money or intellectual property, together with the rights of ownership over it.", "what_it_is_for": "Allocating control over things to people and organisations, enabling use, trade and security.", "affordances": [ "own, buy, sell and inherit it", "register title, for land and some goods", "lease or lend it, keeping ownership", "protect it, through law against theft and trespass" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A thing plus the rights over it", "Real property (land) and personal property are treated differently", "Ownership differs from possession and use", "Intellectual property is intangible property" ], "appearance": "Anything that can be owned; ownership itself is invisible and shown by documents and registers.", "visual_identification": [ "Title deeds, registration certificates and receipts", "Land registry entries", "Possession does not prove ownership" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "real property: land and buildings, freehold and leasehold", "personal property: goods and belongings", "financial property", "intellectual property" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is evidenced by", "target": "document of title", "why": "deeds and certificates" }, { "relation": "is owned by", "target": "person or organization", "why": "owners" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "money and building", "why": "kinds of property" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "property as attribute", "why": "a homonym for a characteristic" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "land registry title number", "value_or_pattern": "jurisdiction-specific", "note": "real property" }, { "scheme": "cadastral parcel id", "value_or_pattern": "jurisdiction-specific", "note": "land parcels" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Property and land registration law", "Protocol 1 Article 1 ECHR on protection of property", "Intellectual property law" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Title fraud", "Disputes over boundaries or ownership", "Assuming possession means ownership" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "object-and-kind", "name": "Object and kind", "description": "What is owned.", "rationale": "Kind of property decides the rules.", "layers": [ { "id": "object", "name": "Object", "description": "The thing owned.", "findings": [ { "id": "object-finding", "name": "Object", "description": "The property itself.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exactly is the property?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is it real, personal or intellectual property?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "value", "name": "Value", "description": "Worth.", "findings": [ { "id": "value-finding", "name": "Valuation", "description": "The value and method.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is it worth, by which valuation?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "When was it valued?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership", "name": "Ownership", "description": "Who owns it and how.", "rationale": "Ownership needs evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "owner", "name": "Owner", "description": "Title holder.", "findings": [ { "id": "owner-finding", "name": "Title", "description": "The owner and title.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who holds title, according to which register or document?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are there co-owners?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights", "description": "Freehold, leasehold, encumbrances.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-finding", "name": "Rights", "description": "The rights and burdens.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which rights does the owner hold?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Are there mortgages, liens or easements?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "transfer", "name": "Transfer", "description": "Buying, selling, inheriting.", "rationale": "Transfers must follow legal form.", "layers": [ { "id": "sale", "name": "Sale and purchase", "description": "Conveyancing.", "findings": [ { "id": "sale-finding", "name": "Transfer process", "description": "How it is transferred.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is this property transferred legally?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which taxes apply?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "inheritance", "name": "Inheritance", "description": "Succession.", "findings": [ { "id": "inheritance-finding", "name": "Succession", "description": "Succession rules.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does this property pass on death?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which law governs succession?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection", "name": "Protection", "description": "Safeguarding property.", "rationale": "Law and registration protect owners.", "layers": [ { "id": "fraud", "name": "Fraud", "description": "Title fraud.", "findings": [ { "id": "fraud-finding", "name": "Fraud prevention", "description": "Protections against fraud.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can the owner protect against title fraud?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Who to contact if fraud is suspected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disputes", "name": "Disputes", "description": "Boundaries and claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "disputes-finding", "name": "Dispute route", "description": "How disputes are resolved.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are ownership or boundary disputes resolved?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "What evidence is needed?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should kinds of property be separate entries?", "How should agents confirm ownership before acting?", "How should the attribute sense be kept separate?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched.", "facetsInferred": false, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a property, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: freehold, belongings, holding, tangible possession, material possession, worldly possessions, worldly belongings, worldly goods, ratables, rateables, hereditament, intellectual property.", "48 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a property, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "freehold", "belongings", "holding", "tangible possession", "material possession", "worldly possessions", "worldly belongings", "worldly goods", "ratables", "rateables", "hereditament", "intellectual property" ] } ], "standing": "48 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one property from another, and a property from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a property sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a property from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a property passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a property between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a property, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a property is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a property.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a property and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a property, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a property and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a property sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What property is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does property take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of property, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in property and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of property may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does property have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a property came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a property and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a property is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }