{ "model": { "rank": 2455, "code": "thing-q100159", "model_id": "vr.tr.euthanasia", "name": "euthanasia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain euthanasia and its forms as defined in law and ethics, relay the legal status and safeguards by jurisdiction from official sources, present ethical, religious and professional positions with attribution and without advocacy, and route personal situations to clinicians, palliative care and crisis support.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q100159/", "tier": 2, "score": 105, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "euthanasia in Italy", "euthanasia in Canada", "duo euthanasia", "euthanasia for mental illness", "non-voluntary euthanasia", "voluntary euthanasia", "passive euthanasia", "euthanasia in Belgium", "euthanasia in the United Kingdom", "active euthanasia", "involuntary euthanasia", "euthanasia in France", "animal euthanasia", "Disposal of zoo animals during wartime", "insect euthanasia" ], "aliasCount": 15, "merged": 15, "knownIn": 105, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q100159", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100159", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T22:45:35Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q100159", "registryId": "vr.tr.euthanasia", "name": "euthanasia", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q100159/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.euthanasia", "name": "euthanasia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain euthanasia and its forms as defined in law and ethics, relay the legal status and safeguards by jurisdiction from official sources, present ethical, religious and professional positions with attribution and without advocacy, and route personal situations to clinicians, palliative care and crisis support.", "definition": "The deliberate ending of a life, at the request of the person or, in non-voluntary forms, without their capacity to request it, to relieve suffering from a serious illness, carried out or assisted by a physician where the law permits; euthanasia and assisted dying are legal under strict conditions in a small number of jurisdictions such as the Netherlands, Belgium, Canada and others, prohibited in most, and the subject of enduring ethical, religious and legal debate.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a medical, legal and ethical practice.", "affordances": [ "explain definitions and forms", "relay legal status and safeguards by jurisdiction", "present positions with attribution", "route personal situations to care and support" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Intent to end life", "Request and capacity criteria", "Strict legal safeguards where permitted", "Deep ethical disagreement" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a regulated medical procedure where lawful.", "visual_identification": [ "Deliberate ending of life to relieve suffering", "Voluntary, non-voluntary and assisted forms", "Withdrawing treatment and palliative sedation are distinguished in law and ethics" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "jurisdictions permitting some form", "typical_range": "about 10-15", "unit": "count", "note": "varies by definition; changing" }, { "quantity": "first legalised", "typical_range": "2002", "unit": "year", "note": "Netherlands and Belgium" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "voluntary euthanasia", "non-voluntary euthanasia", "physician-assisted dying", "euthanasia for mental illness, permitted in few jurisdictions and debated", "duo euthanasia of couples, reported in some jurisdictions", "euthanasia by country such as Canada, Italy and others", "animal euthanasia as a distinct veterinary practice" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "assisted dying", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "medical practice", "why": "in registry terms, where lawful" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "palliative care", "why": "care without intent to end life" }, { "relation": "is governed by", "target": "end-of-life law", "why": "by jurisdiction" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "National laws such as the Dutch Termination of Life on Request Act and the Canadian MAID framework", "Medical association positions and professional guidelines", "Review committee and reporting requirements", "Criminal law prohibitions in most jurisdictions" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Advocacy in either direction presented as fact", "Stale legal status", "Agents advising on personal end-of-life decisions or methods", "Failing to route distress to support" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "concept", "name": "Concept", "description": "What euthanasia means.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definitions and forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are euthanasia, assisted dying and related practices defined and distinguished in law and ethics?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the user in distress or facing a personal decision, which needs clinicians, palliative care or crisis support rather than this entry?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "distinctions", "name": "Distinctions", "description": "Distinctions.", "findings": [ { "id": "distinctions-finding", "name": "Distinctions", "description": "Distinctions.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do euthanasia, withdrawal of treatment and palliative sedation differ?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits palliative care?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Legal status.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Status by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-finding", "name": "Status", "description": "Status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is euthanasia or assisted dying lawful, under what conditions, from official sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "safeguards", "name": "Safeguards", "description": "Safeguards and oversight.", "findings": [ { "id": "safeguards-finding", "name": "Safeguards", "description": "Safeguards.", "questions": [ { "text": "What safeguards, review and reporting do permitting jurisdictions require, and what do their reports show?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "debate", "name": "Debate", "description": "Ethics and positions.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "positions", "name": "Positions", "description": "Ethical and religious positions.", "findings": [ { "id": "positions-finding", "name": "Positions", "description": "Positions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What positions do ethicists, religious traditions, disability advocates and medical bodies hold, with attribution?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation balanced and free of advocacy?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "contested", "name": "Contested", "description": "Contested extensions.", "findings": [ { "id": "contested-finding", "name": "Contested", "description": "Contested.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are extensions such as euthanasia for mental illness or for minors debated, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is each position attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and care.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How has the debate developed, including the misuse of the term in Nazi Germany, as historians describe?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "End-of-life care.", "findings": [ { "id": "care-finding", "name": "Care", "description": "Care.", "questions": [ { "text": "What end-of-life care and support options exist, and where can people find them?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits end-of-life care?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should assisted dying be the primary entry?", "How should legal sources be linked by jurisdiction?", "The registry entry has merged aliases for country regimes and contested categories; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a euthanasia, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain euthanasia and its forms as defined in law and ethics, relay the legal status and safeguards by jurisdiction from official sources, present ethical, religious and professional positions with attribution and without advocacy, and route personal situations to clinicians, palliative care and crisis support.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: euthanasia in Italy, euthanasia in Canada, duo euthanasia, euthanasia for mental illness, non-voluntary euthanasia, voluntary euthanasia, passive euthanasia, euthanasia in Belgium, euthanasia in the United Kingdom, active euthanasia, involuntary euthanasia, euthanasia in France.", "15 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 105 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a euthanasia, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "euthanasia in Italy", "euthanasia in Canada", "duo euthanasia", "euthanasia for mental illness", "non-voluntary euthanasia", "voluntary euthanasia", "passive euthanasia", "euthanasia in Belgium", "euthanasia in the United Kingdom", "active euthanasia", "involuntary euthanasia", "euthanasia in France" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 105 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 15 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one euthanasia from another, and a euthanasia from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a euthanasia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a euthanasia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a euthanasia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a euthanasia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a euthanasia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a euthanasia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a euthanasia sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a euthanasia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a euthanasia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a euthanasia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a euthanasia from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a euthanasia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a euthanasia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a euthanasia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a euthanasia passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a euthanasia between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a euthanasia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a euthanasia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a euthanasia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a euthanasia, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a euthanasia is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a euthanasia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a euthanasia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a euthanasia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a euthanasia says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a euthanasia contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a euthanasia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a euthanasia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a euthanasia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a euthanasia and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a euthanasia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a euthanasia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a euthanasia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What euthanasia studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does euthanasia take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does euthanasia establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where euthanasia is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark euthanasia as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place euthanasia, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a euthanasia came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a euthanasia and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a euthanasia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a euthanasia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a euthanasia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a euthanasia is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a euthanasia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a euthanasia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a euthanasia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }