{ "model": { "rank": 3136, "code": "thing-q101017", "model_id": "vr.tr.distillation", "name": "distillation", "purpose": "Let an agent explain distillation principles, types and industrial uses, note the legal status of distilling spirits and the dangers of unlicensed home spirits, without giving instructions for unlicensed alcohol production.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.PRC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q101017/", "tier": 2, "score": 90, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Multi-stage flash distillation", "hydrodistillation", "subboiling distillation", "steam distillation", "differential distillation", "palinka brewing", "extractive distillation", "vacuum distillation", "Short path distillation", "Multiple-effect distillation", "Catalytic distillation", "batch distillation", "azeotropic distillation", "distillers grains", "Pidgeon process", "distillation of alcohol", "Vapor-compression desalination", "fractional distillation", "rectification", "molecular distillation", "illicit distilling", "atmospheric distillation", "simple distillation" ], "aliasCount": 23, "merged": 23, "knownIn": 90, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.distillation", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q101017", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T11:14:07Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q101017", "registryId": "vr.tr.distillation", "name": "distillation", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q101017/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.distillation", "name": "distillation", "purpose": "Let an agent explain distillation principles, types and industrial uses, note the legal status of distilling spirits and the dangers of unlicensed home spirits, without giving instructions for unlicensed alcohol production.", "definition": "A separation process that heats a liquid mixture to vaporise components with different boiling points and condenses the vapour, used in oil refining, water desalination, essential oil production, laboratory purification and licensed spirit production.", "what_it_is_for": "Separating and purifying liquids.", "affordances": [ "explain how distillation works", "compare types such as fractional and steam distillation", "describe industrial applications", "check legal rules on distilling spirits" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Separates by volatility", "Many configurations", "Energy-intensive", "Regulated for spirits and chemicals" ], "appearance": "Stills, columns, condensers and receiving vessels.", "visual_identification": [ "Heating vessel, column, condenser", "Fractions collected by boiling range", "Evaporation alone does not condense and collect" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "simple distillation", "fractional distillation", "steam and hydrodistillation", "vacuum distillation", "multi-stage flash desalination" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "separation process", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is used in", "target": "oil refinery and desalination plant", "why": "applications" }, { "relation": "produces", "target": "distillate", "why": "product" }, { "relation": "is regulated by", "target": "excise and chemical safety law", "why": "regulation" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Excise law on spirit production", "Process safety regulations", "Laboratory safety rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Fire and explosion from flammable vapours", "Methanol poisoning from unlicensed spirits", "Providing instructions for illegal production" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "principle", "name": "Principle", "description": "How it works.", "rationale": "Volatility drives separation.", "layers": [ { "id": "volatility", "name": "Volatility", "description": "Boiling points.", "findings": [ { "id": "volatility-finding", "name": "Volatility", "description": "Separation principle.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why do components separate during distillation?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What limits separation, such as azeotropes?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "types", "name": "Types", "description": "Configurations.", "findings": [ { "id": "types-finding", "name": "Types", "description": "Distillation types.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which type of distillation suits this separation?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Why?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "industry", "name": "Industry", "description": "Applications.", "rationale": "Industry relies on distillation.", "layers": [ { "id": "refining", "name": "Refining", "description": "Oil fractions.", "findings": [ { "id": "refining-finding", "name": "Refining", "description": "Oil refining.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does fractional distillation separate crude oil?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which fractions result?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "water", "name": "Water", "description": "Desalination.", "findings": [ { "id": "water-finding", "name": "Water", "description": "Desalination.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is distillation used to produce fresh water?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How energy-intensive is it?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Hazards.", "rationale": "Vapours are dangerous.", "layers": [ { "id": "fire", "name": "Fire", "description": "Flammable vapours.", "findings": [ { "id": "fire-finding", "name": "Fire", "description": "Fire hazard.", "questions": [ { "text": "What controls prevent fires and explosions?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which regulations apply?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "methanol", "name": "Methanol", "description": "Poisoning.", "findings": [ { "id": "methanol-finding", "name": "Methanol", "description": "Methanol poisoning.", "questions": [ { "text": "Has someone drunk illicit spirits and developed vision problems or severe illness?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which poison centre or emergency number should be called?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Spirits.", "rationale": "Spirit production is licensed.", "layers": [ { "id": "licence", "name": "Licence", "description": "Legal status.", "findings": [ { "id": "licence-finding", "name": "Licence", "description": "Licensing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is distilling spirits legal without a licence here?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which authority issues licences?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "limits", "name": "Limits", "description": "No illicit instructions.", "findings": [ { "id": "limits-finding", "name": "Limits", "description": "Instruction limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the request for instructions to produce unlicensed spirits?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How should the agent decline and point to legal information?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should distillation types be separate entries?", "How should industrial applications be linked?", "How should legal status be localised?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a distillation, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain distillation principles, types and industrial uses, note the legal status of distilling spirits and the dangers of unlicensed home spirits, without giving instructions for unlicensed alcohol production.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Multi-stage flash distillation, hydrodistillation, subboiling distillation, steam distillation, differential distillation, palinka brewing, extractive distillation, vacuum distillation, Short path distillation, Multiple-effect distillation, Catalytic distillation, batch distillation.", "23 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 90 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a distillation, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Multi-stage flash distillation", "hydrodistillation", "subboiling distillation", "steam distillation", "differential distillation", "palinka brewing", "extractive distillation", "vacuum distillation", "Short path distillation", "Multiple-effect distillation", "Catalytic distillation", "batch distillation" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 90 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 23 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one distillation from another, and a distillation from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a distillation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a distillation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a distillation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a distillation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a distillation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a distillation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a distillation sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a distillation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a distillation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a distillation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a distillation from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a distillation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a distillation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a distillation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a distillation passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a distillation between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a distillation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a distillation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a distillation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a distillation, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a distillation is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a distillation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a distillation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a distillation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a distillation proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a distillation, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a distillation and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a distillation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a distillation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a distillation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a distillation consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a distillation takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a distillation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a distillation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a distillation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What distillation is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of distillation are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is distillation operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of distillation and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of distillation?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as distillation?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a distillation came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a distillation and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a distillation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a distillation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a distillation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a distillation is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a distillation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a distillation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a distillation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }