{ "model": { "rank": 4649, "code": "thing-q102538", "model_id": "vr.tr.company-q102538", "name": "company", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a company, assess its organisational and commercial state, and determine which actions require authority, evidence or further review.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ORG", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q102538/", "tier": 2, "score": 73, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "sotnia", "marine company", "skiers company", "company (Spain)", "reconnaissance company", "Psychological Operations Company", "cavalry squadron", "armored company", "aviation company", "infantry company", "artillery battery", "headquarters company", "Headquarters and Headquarters Company", "signals company", "motor transport company", "supply company", "engineer company", "military police company", "Russian battery", "French company", "Volunteer Company", "United States Army company", "centuria", "armored reconnaissance squadron", "armored car company", "tank regiment reconnaissance company", "compagnie d'ordonnance", "chorągiew", "light infantry company", "horse artillery battery", "surface-to-air missile battery", "motorized rifle battalion mortar battery", "Royal Horse Artillery Battery", "122 mm howitzer battery", "roving battery", "Waffen SS company", "company-level unit of the Finnish Defence Forces", "Engineer Light Ponton Company", "Wehrmacht Propaganda Troops", "desert company" ], "aliasCount": 41, "merged": 41, "knownIn": 73, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.company-4", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q102538", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102538", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:42:19Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e7-4658-7981-add1-0f1c7c5bf90a\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: company\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: SOC.ORG\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e7-465d-7602-a268-a9e46ebbecc7\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: company\nRegistry id: vr.tr.company-q102538\nPlane / domain: SOC / SOC.ORG\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q102538", "registryId": "vr.tr.company-q102538", "name": "company", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ORG" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q102538/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.company-q102538", "name": "company", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a company, assess its organisational and commercial state, and determine which actions require authority, evidence or further review.", "definition": "A company is an organisation constituted under a recognised legal form to conduct business or other specified activities, with rules governing its ownership or membership, management and liabilities.", "scope_statement": "This model owns company as an organisation constituted to conduct business, including its identity, ownership, governance, commercial capacity and lifecycle; jurisdiction-specific legal status must be established rather than assumed.", "in_scope": [ "Company identity, constituting instruments, registration and jurisdiction", "Ownership, control, governing bodies and delegated decision rights", "Business activities, operating capacity and company-level obligations", "Capital, financial condition and continuity of operations", "Formation, restructuring, merger, cessation and dissolution" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Buildings, equipment and other assets as independently modelled things", "Brands, trademarks and products as independently modelled commercial identities", "Employees and officers as people, occupations or employment relationships", "Markets and industries in which the company participates", "Startup-specific development stages and joint-stock-specific capital arrangements", "Corporate groups as aggregates of distinct organisations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Determine whether the referent is the business organisation itself rather than its trading name, brand, premises or workforce.", "Establish the organisation's constituting basis and business purpose; do not infer company status merely from selling goods or services.", "Check whether the referent has its own organisational or registered identity rather than being a branch, department or business unit of another company.", "Distinguish a single company from the corporate group it belongs to, even where names, management or branding overlap.", "Treat startup company and joint-stock company as narrower classifications that add features to company rather than replace its identity." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity anchors", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Registered name; register and identifier; LEI where available; unverified identity", "why_it_matters": "Supports reliable matching without treating a shared name as proof of identity." }, { "name": "Constituting form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Jurisdiction-specific organisational or legal form; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines which governance, capital and responsibility rules require investigation." }, { "name": "Jurisdictional connections", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Place of constitution; registered office; operating jurisdictions", "why_it_matters": "Separates the company's constituting context from the places where it conducts business." }, { "name": "Ownership and control", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Owners, members, beneficial owners and controllers, with basis and effective dates", "why_it_matters": "Identifies economic interests and decision influence without assuming they coincide." }, { "name": "Authority structure", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Governing bodies, officers and delegates linked to powers, limits and validity periods", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to establish who may approve or bind the company." }, { "name": "Business activity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Declared activities; observed activities; principal activity; applicable classifications", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes stated purpose from actual operations and identifies relevant permissions." }, { "name": "Registration and lifecycle status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Status reported by the relevant register or constituting evidence, with effective date", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a historical company record from being treated as proof of current existence or capacity." }, { "name": "Operating condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Pre-operational; operating; dormant; ceasing operations; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes business activity from formal registration status." }, { "name": "Available liquidity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Currency amount at a stated date, with restrictions and reporting boundary", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess whether near-term commitments can be met using resources actually available to the company." }, { "name": "Financial reporting boundary", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Individual company; consolidated group; other explicitly defined perimeter", "why_it_matters": "Prevents group resources and results from being attributed to a single company." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve company identity against constituting documents and authoritative registers.", "Trace ownership and control while preserving uncertain or disputed links.", "Check whether a proposed transaction has the required company authority and operating permissions.", "Assess operating continuity using dated evidence of activity, resources and obligations.", "Prepare company actions for authorised review, including appointments, filings and contractual commitments.", "Track changes of name, control or lifecycle status without losing identity or confusing a successor with the original company." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "company-identity-and-constitution", "name": "Company identity and constitution", "description": "Establishes which organisation is being modelled and the basis on which it exists.", "rationale": "Names and commercial appearances do not establish company identity, legal personality or continuity.", "layers": [ { "id": "identity-and-register-evidence", "name": "Identity and register evidence", "description": "Connects the company to dated identifiers and distinguishes it from related commercial names.", "findings": [ { "id": "company-identity-resolution", "name": "Company identity resolution", "description": "Record the evidence needed to distinguish this company from namesakes, brands, branches and group entities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which register, identifier or constituting record identifies this company, and when was it checked?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "company-identity-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "Which names refer to this company, and which instead identify a brand, branch or separate group entity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "company-identity-resolution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "constituting-basis-and-jurisdiction", "name": "Constituting basis and jurisdiction", "description": "Establishes the company's organisational form and the evidence for its legal capacities.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-personality-and-capacity", "name": "Form, personality and capacity", "description": "Record the constituting form without assuming separate legal personality, limited liability or a particular ownership structure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What instrument and jurisdiction establish the company's form and status?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "form-personality-and-capacity-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes whether it can hold assets, incur obligations and act separately from its owners or members?", "kind": "definition", "id": "form-personality-and-capacity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-control-and-authority", "name": "Ownership, control and authority", "description": "Separates economic interests, practical control and powers to make company decisions.", "rationale": "An owner, controller, director and authorised signatory may have different powers and responsibilities.", "layers": [ { "id": "ownership-and-control-interests", "name": "Ownership and control interests", "description": "Describes membership, capital interests and mechanisms of control.", "findings": [ { "id": "economic-and-voting-rights", "name": "Economic and voting rights", "description": "Record who holds relevant interests and how those interests translate into influence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who holds ownership or membership interests, and what economic and voting rights accompany each interest?", "kind": "definition", "id": "economic-and-voting-rights-q01" }, { "text": "Which documents substantiate direct ownership, beneficial ownership or control through agreements and intermediate entities?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "economic-and-voting-rights-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-delegation", "name": "Governance and delegation", "description": "Maps company decisions to the bodies and people empowered to make them.", "findings": [ { "id": "decision-and-signing-powers", "name": "Decision and signing powers", "description": "Identify approval requirements and valid delegations for a proposed company action.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which body or person may approve and execute the proposed action, subject to what limits or joint-signature requirements?", "kind": "action", "id": "decision-and-signing-powers-q01" }, { "text": "Which current appointment, resolution or delegation demonstrates that authority?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "decision-and-signing-powers-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "business-activity-and-commitments", "name": "Business activity and commitments", "description": "Connects what the company does to its operating resources, permissions and obligations.", "rationale": "A constituted company may lack the capability or permission to perform a particular commercial activity.", "layers": [ { "id": "commercial-purpose-and-operation", "name": "Commercial purpose and operation", "description": "Distinguishes declared business activities from evidenced operations.", "findings": [ { "id": "actual-business-capability", "name": "Actual business capability", "description": "Record how the company conducts business and which dependencies enable delivery.", "questions": [ { "text": "What goods, services, investment or holding activities does the company actually undertake, and what evidence distinguishes these from declared activities?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "actual-business-capability-q01" }, { "text": "Which people, assets, suppliers or group services must remain available for the company to fulfil its commitments?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "actual-business-capability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "permissions-and-company-obligations", "name": "Permissions and company obligations", "description": "Identifies conditions on operations and commitments attributable to this company.", "findings": [ { "id": "operating-permission-and-obligation-boundary", "name": "Operating permission and obligation boundary", "description": "Associate relevant licences, contracts and duties with the correct company and activity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which permissions and contractual conditions must be verified before the company undertakes the proposed activity?", "kind": "action", "id": "operating-permission-and-obligation-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which commitments belong to this company, and which belong to an owner, subsidiary, contractor or other group entity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "operating-permission-and-obligation-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "capital-finance-and-continuity", "name": "Capital, finance and continuity", "description": "Assesses the company's financing arrangements and ability to sustain its obligations.", "rationale": "Capital structure, accounting results and usable cash answer different questions about company condition.", "layers": [ { "id": "funding-and-capital-claims", "name": "Funding and capital claims", "description": "Describes resources supplied to the company and the claims attached to them.", "findings": [ { "id": "funding-rights-and-restrictions", "name": "Funding rights and restrictions", "description": "Record equity or other capital arrangements, debt and conditions affecting access to funding.", "questions": [ { "text": "What capital contributions, borrowing and other funding support the company, and what repayment or distribution rights attach to them?", "kind": "definition", "id": "funding-rights-and-restrictions-q01" }, { "text": "Which covenants, security interests or restrictions constrain additional borrowing, distributions or use of funds?", "kind": "action", "id": "funding-rights-and-restrictions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "financial-condition-and-reporting", "name": "Financial condition and reporting", "description": "Uses dated financial evidence with an explicit company boundary.", "findings": [ { "id": "capacity-to-meet-obligations", "name": "Capacity to meet obligations", "description": "Assess financial continuity without equating revenue, profit, cash availability and formal insolvency status.", "questions": [ { "text": "What unrestricted liquidity and committed funding are available against obligations falling due over the assessment period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "capacity-to-meet-obligations-q01" }, { "text": "Do the supporting accounts and forecasts concern this company alone or a wider consolidated group, and what assurance accompanies them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "capacity-to-meet-obligations-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "company-lifecycle-and-succession", "name": "Company lifecycle and succession", "description": "Tracks the company's existence, operating transitions and consequences of structural change.", "rationale": "Commercial inactivity, ownership changes and legal termination have different effects on identity and permissible actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "existence-and-operating-status", "name": "Existence and operating status", "description": "Separates formal lifecycle evidence from current business activity.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-company-status", "name": "Dated company status", "description": "Record registration status and operating condition as distinct, time-dependent assessments.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the company's latest evidenced registration or constituting status, with effective date and source?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-company-status-q01" }, { "text": "Is the company conducting business, dormant or ceasing operations, and what evidence supports that assessment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dated-company-status-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "restructuring-and-succession", "name": "Restructuring and succession", "description": "Distinguishes changes within the company from transfers to another entity or termination.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-through-corporate-change", "name": "Identity through corporate change", "description": "Track the effect of renaming, control changes, mergers, asset transfers and dissolution on company identity and obligations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the recorded event preserve this company's identity, create a successor relationship or end its existence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-through-corporate-change-q01" }, { "text": "Which approvals, transfer instruments and effective dates must be verified before treating assets, obligations or authority as transferred or terminated?", "kind": "action", "id": "identity-through-corporate-change-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the organisational sense of company, excluding companionship, military units and performing ensembles.", "The listed kinds overlap and are not a universal legal taxonomy; separate personality and limited liability must be checked for the specific form and jurisdiction.", "This is recall-based coverage: no sources were consulted, and no particular company's registration, reporting obligations or identifiers are asserted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of company this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Private limited company", "Public limited company", "Company limited by guarantee", "Unlimited company", "Joint-stock company", "Nonprofit company" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of company this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "National company register number", "value_or_pattern": "Jurisdiction-specific numeric or alphanumeric identifier", "note": "Identifies a registered entity within the issuing register; the register and jurisdiction are needed to interpret it." }, { "scheme": "Legal Entity Identifier (LEI), ISO 17442", "value_or_pattern": "20-character alphanumeric code", "note": "Identifies a legal entity in the Global LEI System; not every company has an LEI." }, { "scheme": "Registered company name", "value_or_pattern": "Registered name, often including a legal-form suffix", "note": "Names can change and are not globally unique." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of company this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 17442, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, specifies the Legal Entity Identifier.", "IFRS Accounting Standards, issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, govern financial reporting where adopted or required.", "National company legislation, enacted by the relevant legislature, governs formation, governance, filing obligations and dissolution." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of company this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Organising the production and sale of goods or services", "Holding assets and entering contracts through an enduring organisational structure", "Raising capital through ownership interests or borrowing", "Allocating governance rights and financial responsibilities among participants", "Operating subsidiaries and coordinating corporate groups" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of company this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Insolvency or inability to meet payment obligations", "Governance failures, conflicts of interest and misuse of organisational assets", "Fraudulent reporting or concealment of ownership and control", "Operational failures that interrupt business or harm workers, customers or the environment", "Failure to meet registration, filing or other applicable obligations" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of company this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The scope of the word company and its relationship to corporation, partnership and other legal forms vary by jurisdiction.", "Separate legal personality, limited liability, minimum capital and disclosure requirements depend on the legal form and jurisdiction.", "Permitted ownership structures, board arrangements and employee participation in governance differ across jurisdictions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of company this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Startup company", "difference": "A startup is a company distinguished by its early development and typically its search for a scalable business model; company does not imply a particular age or growth strategy." }, { "name": "Joint-stock company", "difference": "A joint-stock company has capital divided into shares; the broader company category also includes forms without share capital." }, { "name": "Corporation", "difference": "Corporation denotes an incorporated legal body; its overlap with company depends on jurisdiction, and corporations can include bodies outside ordinary business usage." }, { "name": "Business", "difference": "Business can denote an economic activity or undertaking; a company is an organisational form through which such activity may be conducted." }, { "name": "Corporate group", "difference": "A corporate group comprises multiple related entities, while an individual company is one constituent organisation." }, { "name": "Brand", "difference": "A brand identifies or differentiates an offering or commercial identity; one company may own several brands, and a brand may change owners." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of company this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend company to include unincorporated business organisations, or only particular constituted legal forms?", "Which existing Vercy organisation or world model already owns shared company concepts and should supply inherited structure?", "Which jurisdiction-specific sources establish legal personality, liability arrangements and permitted company forms for instances being modelled?", "How should conflicting or incomplete evidence about beneficial ownership, practical control and signing authority be represented?", "Which evidence and assessment periods are sufficient to distinguish dormant operations, financial distress, formal insolvency proceedings and termination?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a company, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify a company, assess its organisational and commercial state, and determine which actions require authority, evidence or further review.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: sotnia, marine company, skiers company, company (Spain), reconnaissance company, Psychological Operations Company, cavalry squadron, armored company, aviation company, infantry company, artillery battery, headquarters company.", "41 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a company, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Acts through people, and only through them.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "sotnia", "marine company", "skiers company", "company (Spain)", "reconnaissance company", "Psychological Operations Company", "cavalry squadron", "armored company", "aviation company", "infantry company", "artillery battery", "headquarters company" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 41 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one company from another, and a company from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a company, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a company, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a company is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a company, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a company, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a company is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a company sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a company, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a company, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a company is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a company from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a company, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a company, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a company is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a company passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a company between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a company, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a company, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a company is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a company, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a company is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a company, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a company, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a company is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a company.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a company and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a company, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a company, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a company, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a company is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a company and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a company sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a company, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a company, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a company is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What company is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does company take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of company, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in company and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of company may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does company have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a company came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a company and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a company, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a company, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a company is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a company is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a company, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a company, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a company is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }