{ "model": { "rank": 3684, "code": "thing-q102836", "model_id": "vr.tr.spring-q102836", "name": "spring", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a mechanical spring, assess its elastic behaviour and condition, and determine appropriate loading, installation, adjustment and replacement actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q102836/", "tier": 2, "score": 83, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "plumber's snake", "bow limbs", "rubber spring", "Nozag", "mainspring", "lock bolt spring", "lock spring", "padlock spring", "Slinky", "needle spring", "Ring spring", "return spring", "gas spring", "torsion spring", "Belleville washer", "coil spring", "leaf spring", "spiral spring", "Helical compression spring", "Helical torsion spring", "Arc spring" ], "aliasCount": 21, "merged": 22, "knownIn": 83, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.spring-location", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q102836", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:52:26Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5a-1d4a-7ee0-924d-ecf84e357403\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: spring\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 register", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5a-1d3a-7433-98e3-3a8ce853869b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: spring\nRegistry id: vr.tr.spring-q102836\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q102836", "registryId": "vr.tr.spring-q102836", "name": "spring", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q102836/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.spring-q102836", "name": "spring", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a mechanical spring, assess its elastic behaviour and condition, and determine appropriate loading, installation, adjustment and replacement actions.", "definition": "A mechanical spring is a component designed to deform elastically under load, store recoverable mechanical energy, and exert a restoring force or torque.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the mechanical spring as a kind of component that provides a restoring force or torque through recoverable deformation, including the properties needed to assess particular designs and units; it excludes the season and water-source senses of spring.", "in_scope": [ "Spring forms, including helical, leaf, disc, spiral and flexure forms", "Elastic force-displacement or torque-angle behaviour and stored energy", "Material, geometry, end features and installation interfaces", "Preload, permitted travel, operating environment and service life", "Condition assessment, stored-energy handling and replacement compatibility" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete suspension, valve, clock or other mechanisms that use springs", "Dampers whose primary function is dissipating motion energy", "General material elasticity independent of a spring component", "Manufacturing machinery and processes as independently modelled things", "Seasons and natural groundwater outlets" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its intended function uses recoverable deformation to produce a restoring force or torque; incidental flexibility in an otherwise rigid part is insufficient.", "Its operating description relates force to displacement or torque to angular deflection, rather than specifying only a structural load capacity.", "It stores recoverable mechanical energy under load; a damper is primarily characterised by energy dissipation.", "It has an identifiable working deflection and return behaviour; permanent deformation is generally a limit or fault rather than its operating principle.", "Its restoring action arises from its elastic configuration without requiring a powered actuator to command the return motion." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Spring form and loading mode", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Helical, leaf, disc, spiral or flexure; compression, extension, torsion or bending", "why_it_matters": "Determines which geometry, loading relationships and installation constraints apply." }, { "name": "Force-displacement or torque-angle characteristic", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "N versus mm, or N·m versus rad, with loading direction and test conditions", "why_it_matters": "Shows the restoring response, including nonlinearity and differences between loading and unloading." }, { "name": "Spring rate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "N/mm or N·m/rad; identify tangent or secant rate and applicable interval", "why_it_matters": "Supports matching to a mechanism without assuming constant stiffness across all travel." }, { "name": "Free geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Applicable free length, diameter, thickness, width or end angle in mm or degrees", "why_it_matters": "Establishes the unloaded reference and physical fit." }, { "name": "Installed preload", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "N or N·m at a stated installed length or angle", "why_it_matters": "Determines initial working force and energy that may remain before disassembly." }, { "name": "Permitted working envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Minimum and maximum force or torque, deflection, temperature and applicable cycle conditions", "why_it_matters": "Bounds operation before interference, instability or material limits become unacceptable." }, { "name": "Material and surface treatment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Specified material grade, heat treatment, coating and surface treatment where known", "why_it_matters": "Affects elastic response, fatigue resistance, corrosion susceptibility and temperature suitability." }, { "name": "End and support interfaces", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Seats, hooks, eyes, tangs, clamps, guides or mating spring elements", "why_it_matters": "Determines load transfer, restraint and compatibility with the host mechanism." }, { "name": "Condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed, within verified limits, permanently set, cracked, corroded, worn or fractured", "why_it_matters": "Connects observed defects and measured changes to permitted continued use." }, { "name": "Service exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Cycle count, load range, dwell time in h and temperature history in °C where available", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of fatigue and time-dependent force loss." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare candidate springs against required force or torque over the intended travel.", "Check seating, end engagement, guidance and clearance for a proposed installation.", "Measure restoring response and residual deformation using an appropriate controlled test.", "Assess whether observed defects or service exposure require inspection or replacement.", "Determine the prerequisites for safely unloading, restraining, adjusting or removing the spring.", "Evaluate replacement compatibility using response, interfaces and operating limits together." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "spring-identity-and-form", "name": "Spring identity and form", "description": "Establishes the mechanical sense, spring family and elastic element being modelled.", "rationale": "The name spring covers unrelated senses and mechanically different forms that cannot share every assessment rule.", "layers": [ { "id": "elastic-function", "name": "Elastic function", "description": "Identifies the restoring action that makes the component a spring.", "findings": [ { "id": "intended-restoring-action", "name": "Intended restoring action", "description": "Record the intended elastic action and distinguish it from incidental flexibility or primarily dissipative behaviour.", "questions": [ { "text": "What recoverable deformation produces the intended restoring force or torque?", "kind": "definition", "id": "intended-restoring-action-q01" }, { "text": "Which evidence distinguishes this component from a flexible structural part, damper or powered actuator?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "intended-restoring-action-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-component-boundary", "name": "Form and component boundary", "description": "Classifies the physical form and locates the spring within its surrounding mechanism.", "findings": [ { "id": "spring-family-and-owned-element", "name": "Spring family and owned element", "description": "Record the spring form, loading mode and whether the identified element is a single spring, a pack or an integral flexure.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which spring family and external loading mode describe this design?", "kind": "definition", "id": "spring-family-and-owned-element-q01" }, { "text": "Where does the elastic element end and its seat, housing, guide or host mechanism begin?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "spring-family-and-owned-element-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "elastic-response-and-energy", "name": "Elastic response and energy", "description": "Describes restoring behaviour across the working travel and the energy associated with loading.", "rationale": "Physical fit alone cannot establish whether a spring delivers the required response or can be handled safely.", "layers": [ { "id": "load-deflection-response", "name": "Load-deflection response", "description": "Captures measured or specified response with its reference conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "working-response-curve", "name": "Working response curve", "description": "Record force versus displacement or torque versus angle, including applicable tolerances, preload and loading history.", "questions": [ { "text": "What response curve and tolerance apply over the intended working travel?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "working-response-curve-q01" }, { "text": "Which drawing, supplier specification or test establishes the curve and its temperature, rate and reference position?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "working-response-curve-q02" }, { "text": "Does the response require accounting for initial tension, changing rate or loading-unloading hysteresis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "working-response-curve-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "travel-limits-and-stored-energy", "name": "Travel limits and stored energy", "description": "Identifies usable deflection, limiting conditions and recoverable energy.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-operating-envelope", "name": "Verified operating envelope", "description": "Record working limits separately from physical travel limits such as coil contact, disc flattening or end interference.", "questions": [ { "text": "What deflection limits apply, and which are set by stress, contact, buckling or attachment capacity?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-operating-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "How much recoverable energy remains at the installed position, and how was it determined?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-operating-envelope-q02" }, { "text": "What restraint and unloading sequence are required before an attachment is released?", "kind": "action", "id": "verified-operating-envelope-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "geometry-and-mechanism-fit", "name": "Geometry and mechanism fit", "description": "Defines spring geometry, load-transfer interfaces and behaviour within an assembly.", "rationale": "Springs with similar nominal rates can differ in clearance, stability, end loading and assembly response.", "layers": [ { "id": "free-shape-and-attachments", "name": "Free shape and attachments", "description": "Records the dimensions and end features needed to seat and load the spring correctly.", "findings": [ { "id": "fit-and-load-transfer", "name": "Fit and load transfer", "description": "Capture family-specific dimensions and attachment details without substituting appearance for verified compatibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which free dimensions, end angles, winding direction and tolerances control fit for this spring form?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fit-and-load-transfer-q01" }, { "text": "How do the seats, hooks, eyes, tangs or clamps transfer load and constrain movement?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "fit-and-load-transfer-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "installed-configuration", "name": "Installed configuration", "description": "Connects assembly arrangement to preload, stability and effective response.", "findings": [ { "id": "guidance-and-spring-arrangement", "name": "Guidance and spring arrangement", "description": "Record orientation, guidance and any series, parallel or stacked arrangement that changes installed behaviour.", "questions": [ { "text": "What installed length or angle sets the preload, and what clearances remain throughout travel?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "guidance-and-spring-arrangement-q01" }, { "text": "Do guides, mating surfaces or neighbouring springs introduce friction, side loading or instability?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "guidance-and-spring-arrangement-q02" }, { "text": "Which assembly features must be preserved when replacing or repositioning the spring?", "kind": "action", "id": "guidance-and-spring-arrangement-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "durability-and-service-decisions", "name": "Durability and service decisions", "description": "Relates material, exposure and observed condition to inspection and continued use.", "rationale": "A spring may still fit and return while having lost force or accumulated damage that changes its suitability.", "layers": [ { "id": "material-and-loading-history", "name": "Material and loading history", "description": "Identifies the evidence needed to assess fatigue, relaxation and environmental degradation.", "findings": [ { "id": "durability-basis", "name": "Durability basis", "description": "Record material and treatment evidence alongside cyclic loads, sustained deflection and environmental exposure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies the material grade, heat treatment and relevant surface treatments?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "durability-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What load ranges, cycle counts, dwell periods and temperatures describe the intended or recorded service?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "durability-basis-q02" }, { "text": "Which spring-specific or application-specific standards, issuing bodies and editions govern qualification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "durability-basis-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-intervention", "name": "Condition and intervention", "description": "Turns inspections and response measurements into bounded service decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "acceptance-and-replacement", "name": "Acceptance and replacement", "description": "Assess permanent set, force loss, cracks, corrosion and attachment damage against documented acceptance criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "What changes in free geometry or force at a reference deflection indicate deterioration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "acceptance-and-replacement-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed defects or measured deviations require removal under the applicable acceptance criteria?", "kind": "action", "id": "acceptance-and-replacement-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence supports replacement equivalence in response, end geometry, material suitability and service life?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "acceptance-and-replacement-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The mechanical-component sense is inferred from PHY.OBJ and the batch context; no recorded sense confirms it.", "No universal typical measurement ranges are supplied because spring dimensions, stiffness, travel and load capacity vary widely by application.", "The named standards are recalled without consultation; check current editions and applicability. A constant spring rate and Hooke's-law response should not be assumed for every spring." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of spring this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Helical compression spring", "Helical extension spring", "Helical torsion spring", "Leaf spring", "Disc spring (Belleville spring)", "Constant-force spring" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of spring this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Manufacturer part number", "value_or_pattern": "Manufacturer-specific alphanumeric designation", "note": "Identifies a catalogue design; dimensions, material, load characteristics and end configuration are needed to establish interchangeability." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of spring this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ASTM International ASTM A228/A228M specifies steel music spring quality wire; it is a material specification rather than certification of a finished spring.", "ASTM International ASTM A313/A313M specifies stainless steel spring wire." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of spring this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Supporting loads and providing compliance in vehicle suspensions.", "Returning valves, switches and mechanisms to a defined position.", "Maintaining preload or contact force in assemblies.", "Storing mechanical energy in clocks and winding mechanisms.", "Measuring force through calibrated elastic deflection." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of spring this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fatigue cracking and fracture under repeated loading.", "Permanent deformation following overload or operation beyond the intended elastic range.", "Stress relaxation or creep that reduces force, especially at elevated temperatures.", "Corrosion and corrosion fatigue that weaken the spring.", "Sudden release of stored energy, potentially ejecting components or causing pinch injuries." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of spring this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Catalogues may specify dimensions and spring rates in millimetres and N/mm or inches and lbf/in; nominally similar products require specification checks." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of spring this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Damper", "difference": "A damper primarily dissipates mechanical energy, whereas a spring primarily stores and returns it; an assembly can combine both functions." }, { "name": "Elastic material", "difference": "Elasticity is a material property; a spring is a component whose geometry and material deliberately provide a restoring response." }, { "name": "Natural spring", "difference": "A natural spring is a location where groundwater emerges, rather than a mechanical component." }, { "name": "Spring season", "difference": "The season is a period of the annual climatic cycle, rather than a physical device." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of spring this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does registry item vr.tr.spring-q102836 explicitly cover the mechanical component sense, and what authoritative definition should anchor its boundary?", "Should gas springs, elastomeric springs and magnetic restoring devices share this entry or link to neighbouring models?", "Which spring families require specialised extensions for behaviour such as disc-stack friction, constant-force strip action or integral flexure motion?", "Which standards and issuing bodies apply to each included spring family and application, and what dimensional, load and life ranges can research support?", "What application-specific evidence is required to set inspection, rejection and replacement criteria when load history or manufacturer limits are unavailable?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a spring, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a mechanical spring, assess its elastic behaviour and condition, and determine appropriate loading, installation, adjustment and replacement actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: plumber's snake, bow limbs, rubber spring, Nozag, mainspring, lock bolt spring, lock spring, padlock spring, Slinky, needle spring, Ring spring, return spring.", "22 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 83 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a spring, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "plumber's snake", "bow limbs", "rubber spring", "Nozag", "mainspring", "lock bolt spring", "lock spring", "padlock spring", "Slinky", "needle spring", "Ring spring", "return spring" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 83 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 22 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one spring from another, and a spring from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a spring sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a spring from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a spring is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a spring is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a spring is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a spring is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a spring is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a spring is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a spring passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a spring between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a spring, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a spring is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What spring is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does spring perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise spring, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How spring is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does spring have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does spring need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about spring is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about spring hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern spring, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a spring came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a spring and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a spring is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a spring, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a spring, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a spring is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }