{ "model": { "rank": 4219, "code": "thing-q104567", "model_id": "vr.tr.group-16", "name": "group 16", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise periodic-table group 16, record its elemental membership and chemical relationships, and judge when group-level comparisons require element-specific evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q104567/", "tier": 2, "score": 77, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 77, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q104567", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104567", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:44:22Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087b2-5b10-7f02-90f5-41e0a05ce9bc\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: group 16\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 55.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087b2-5b10-7832-9979-af56f983eaf1\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: group 16\nRegistry id: vr.tr.group-16\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContex" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q104567", "registryId": "vr.tr.group-16", "name": "group 16", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q104567/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.group-16", "name": "group 16", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise periodic-table group 16, record its elemental membership and chemical relationships, and judge when group-level comparisons require element-specific evidence.", "definition": "Group 16, commonly called the chalcogens or oxygen family, is the periodic-table group containing oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium and livermorium.", "scope_statement": "This model owns group 16 as a periodic-table family, provisionally interpreting the undefined PHY.MAT registry entry as the chalcogens; it covers membership, electronic relationships, qualified chemical trends and the limits of family-level inference.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of group 16 and reconciliation of its modern and historical names", "Membership of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium and livermorium", "Relationships between periodic position, valence-electron configuration and chemical behaviour", "Comparative trends with explicit exceptions and evidence limits", "Boundaries between the elemental family, individual elements, allotropes and compounds" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Detailed models of individual member elements and their isotopes", "Composition, purity and phase of particular material samples", "Complete structures and properties of individual chalcogen compounds", "Manufacturing processes and commercial products containing member elements", "Sample-specific hazard classifications, exposure limits and regulatory identifiers" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The entry denotes the periodic-table column numbered 16, rather than an element with atomic number 16, which is sulfur.", "Membership follows periodic-table position rather than the presence of a shared phase, commercial use or hazard.", "The family comprises oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium and livermorium, rather than the neighbouring halogens of group 17.", "A compound containing a group-16 element is related to the family but is not itself an elemental member.", "The family has no single sample purity, melting point, CAS number or GHS classification applicable to all members." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Group designation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Modern periodic-table group number: 16", "why_it_matters": "Separates the family from atomic numbers and ambiguous historical group labels." }, { "name": "Family terminology", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Group 16; chalcogens; oxygen family; historical labels with naming convention recorded", "why_it_matters": "Allows terminology to be reconciled without silently treating every historical label as equivalent." }, { "name": "Elemental membership", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Member element links: O, S, Se, Te, Po, Lv", "why_it_matters": "Defines which entities can participate in family comparisons." }, { "name": "Period position", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "O: 2; S: 3; Se: 4; Te: 5; Po: 6; Lv: 7", "why_it_matters": "Provides the ordering needed to assess trends down the group." }, { "name": "Valence-shell pattern", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Nominal neutral-atom pattern ns²np⁴, with element-specific evidence and qualifications", "why_it_matters": "Supports chemical comparisons while avoiding assumptions about identical bonding behaviour." }, { "name": "Oxidation-state occurrence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Element, oxidation state, compound or species, conditions and evidence status", "why_it_matters": "Prevents familiar oxidation states of some members from being assigned to every member." }, { "name": "Comparative property observation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Element-specific values such as first ionisation energy in kJ/mol or radius in pm, with definition and source", "why_it_matters": "Makes trend claims testable and prevents incompatible measurements from being combined." }, { "name": "Claim evidence status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Measured; experimentally inferred; theoretically predicted; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes observed chemistry from extrapolation, especially for livermorium." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a group name to its periodic-table designation and member elements.", "Determine whether a referenced entity is a member element, an allotrope or a compound containing a member.", "Compare member properties using compatible definitions and conditions.", "Generate qualified chemical expectations and identify exceptions requiring verification.", "Route substance handling or regulatory questions to the relevant element, compound and material-sample models." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "family-identity-and-membership", "name": "Family identity and membership", "description": "Establishes what group 16 denotes and which elements belong to it.", "rationale": "The registry has no definition, and the numeral can be confused with an atomic number or a historical group designation.", "layers": [ { "id": "designation-and-sense", "name": "Designation and sense", "description": "Resolves the intended periodic-table meaning and its naming conventions.", "findings": [ { "id": "group-number-and-family-names", "name": "Group number and family names", "description": "Record group 16 as the proposed sense and attach naming conventions to synonyms and historical labels.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the originating registry record identify the periodic-table chalcogens rather than another numbered group?", "kind": "definition", "id": "group-number-and-family-names-q01" }, { "text": "Which authoritative nomenclature source supports each synonym or historical group label?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "group-number-and-family-names-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "member-elements", "name": "Member elements", "description": "Records membership through element identities and periodic positions.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-by-periodic-position", "name": "Membership by periodic position", "description": "Link O, S, Se, Te, Po and Lv as elements occupying group 16, independently of the extent of their observed chemistry.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative periodic-table edition establishes the recorded membership?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "membership-by-periodic-position-q01" }, { "text": "Is the entity under consideration a member element or a substance containing one?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "membership-by-periodic-position-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "electronic-and-chemical-relationships", "name": "Electronic and chemical relationships", "description": "Connects the family's electronic pattern to qualified expectations about chemical behaviour.", "rationale": "A shared column supports comparisons but does not establish identical oxidation states, bonding or reactivity.", "layers": [ { "id": "valence-electron-basis", "name": "Valence-electron basis", "description": "Records the electronic basis of the grouping and limits of simple extrapolation.", "findings": [ { "id": "nominal-valence-pattern", "name": "Nominal valence pattern", "description": "Use ns²np⁴ as a family-level organising pattern while recording element-specific configurations and theoretical qualifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "What neutral ground-state electronic configuration is supported for each member, and by what evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "nominal-valence-pattern-q01" }, { "text": "Where does a simple six-valence-electron account become insufficient for predicting a member's chemistry?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "nominal-valence-pattern-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "oxidation-and-bonding", "name": "Oxidation and bonding", "description": "Captures chemical similarities through concrete species and exceptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-grounded-chemical-comparison", "name": "Species-grounded chemical comparison", "description": "Attach oxidation-state and bonding claims to particular species instead of treating them as universal group properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which compounds or species establish each recorded oxidation state for each member?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "species-grounded-chemical-comparison-q01" }, { "text": "Which oxygen-specific exceptions prevent direct transfer of sulfur or selenium chemistry to oxygen?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "species-grounded-chemical-comparison-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence is needed before substituting one group-16 element for another in a proposed chemical role?", "kind": "action", "id": "species-grounded-chemical-comparison-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "comparative-trends-and-evidence", "name": "Comparative trends and evidence", "description": "Makes down-group comparisons explicit, testable and sensitive to missing evidence.", "rationale": "Textbook trends can conceal incompatible property definitions, allotrope effects and predictions for short-lived elements.", "layers": [ { "id": "property-comparability", "name": "Property comparability", "description": "Defines the basis on which member properties may be compared.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-trend-records", "name": "Conditioned trend records", "description": "Record a trend only alongside its property definition, member values, conditions and exceptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are compared radii, electronegativities or ionisation energies defined on the same basis and expressed consistently?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-trend-records-q01" }, { "text": "For phase or transition-temperature comparisons, which allotrope, pressure and material form does each value describe?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-trend-records-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "heavy-member-evidence", "name": "Heavy-member evidence", "description": "Separates evidence about polonium and livermorium from extrapolation based on lighter members.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-versus-predicted-properties", "name": "Observed versus predicted properties", "description": "Label experimental and theoretical claims separately, particularly where short lifetimes restrict chemical investigation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which recorded properties of polonium and livermorium are measured, inferred or predicted?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observed-versus-predicted-properties-q01" }, { "text": "Which proposed down-group trends lack sufficient evidence at the heaviest members?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observed-versus-predicted-properties-q02" }, { "text": "When should an agent withhold a chemical prediction because its only support is family membership?", "kind": "action", "id": "observed-versus-predicted-properties-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-boundaries-and-use", "name": "Material boundaries and use", "description": "Controls transitions from family recognition to decisions about concrete substances.", "rationale": "Group 16 is a family, so bulk properties, hazards and regulatory identities must be resolved at a more specific level.", "layers": [ { "id": "elements-allotropes-and-compounds", "name": "Elements, allotropes and compounds", "description": "Distinguishes membership from material form and chemical composition.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-versus-containing", "name": "Membership versus containing", "description": "Keep an element's family membership separate from its allotropes and from compounds such as oxides, sulfides and selenides.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the record refer to an element, an elemental allotrope, a compound or a mixture?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "membership-versus-containing-q01" }, { "text": "Which neighbouring model owns the composition and structure needed to interpret this particular material?", "kind": "action", "id": "membership-versus-containing-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "substance-specific-decisions", "name": "Substance-specific decisions", "description": "Identifies the additional specificity required before handling or regulatory conclusions can be drawn.", "findings": [ { "id": "no-family-wide-handling-profile", "name": "No family-wide handling profile", "description": "Require substance identity, chemical form and relevant sample information before applying hazard or regulatory data.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which chemical form, isotope composition, concentration and physical state must be established for the requested action?", "kind": "action", "id": "no-family-wide-handling-profile-q01" }, { "text": "Which substance-specific source supplies applicable identifiers, classifications or exposure limits?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "no-family-wide-handling-profile-q02" }, { "text": "Has any hazard or identifier been incorrectly inherited from one member to the entire family?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "no-family-wide-handling-profile-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The chemical sense is inferred from PHY.MAT because no registry definition was supplied.", "The group has no collective CAS number, phase-transition temperature or hazard classification; these belong to specific substances.", "Livermorium chemistry and the scope of 'chalcogenide', particularly whether oxygen compounds are included, should be checked for the intended context." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of group 16 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "IUPAC periodic-table group numbering", "value_or_pattern": "16", "note": "Identifies a group of elements, not a single substance." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of group 16 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Organizing and comparing the chemistry of the chalcogen elements.", "Interpreting periodic trends in bonding, oxidation states and metallic character.", "Classifying chalcogenide materials used in semiconductors, optical devices and other technologies." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of group 16 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Atomic number of each member", "typical_range": "O: 8; S: 16; Se: 34; Te: 52; Po: 84; Lv: 116", "unit": "dimensionless" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of group 16 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating the group as one substance obscures major differences in properties and hazards between elements, allotropes and compounds.", "Polonium and livermorium have no stable isotopes; their radioactivity is central to their hazards.", "Extrapolating lighter-member chemistry to livermorium can misrepresent properties that remain experimentally uncertain." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of group 16 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Older periodic tables use differing A/B group-label conventions; numerical group 16 avoids that ambiguity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of group 16 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "group 15", "difference": "The adjacent nitrogen-family column precedes group 16 in the periodic table." }, { "name": "group 17", "difference": "The adjacent halogen-family column follows group 16 in the periodic table." }, { "name": "chalcogenide", "difference": "A chalcogenide is a compound or chemical species involving a chalcogen; group 16 is the elemental classification." }, { "name": "oxygen", "difference": "Oxygen is one element within group 16, rather than the entire family." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of group 16 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry's originating identifier confirm that group 16 means the chalcogens?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this periodic-table family or its exact concept?", "Which historical group labels and uses of 'chalcogen' should be retained, and what convention or membership scope accompanies each?", "Which current primary sources establish the experimental limits and theoretical uncertainties of livermorium chemistry?", "Which comparative properties and chemical exceptions are sufficiently supported to become researched findings in the completed model?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 15, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a group 16, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise periodic-table group 16, record its elemental membership and chemical relationships, and judge when group-level comparisons require element-specific evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a group 16, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one group 16 from another, and a group 16 from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a group 16 sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a group 16 from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a group 16 is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a group 16 is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a group 16 is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a group 16 is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a group 16 is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a group 16 is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a group 16 passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a group 16 between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a group 16, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a group 16 is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a group 16 and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a group 16 is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a group 16 performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a group 16.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a group 16 at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a group 16 there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What group 16 is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name group 16 unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of group 16 exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How group 16 behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of group 16, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is group 16 incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How group 16 can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is group 16 classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover group 16, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a group 16 came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a group 16 and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a group 16 is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a group 16, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a group 16, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a group 16 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }