{ "model": { "rank": 5252, "code": "thing-q104946", "model_id": "vr.tr.amount-of-substance", "name": "amount of substance", "purpose": "Let an agent explain amount of substance and the mole, relay definitions and usage from metrology and chemistry references, describe calculations with molar mass and concentration, and distinguish amount of substance from mass, number and dose quantities.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q104946/", "tier": 2, "score": 68, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "absolute lethal dose", "amount of substance of component", "equilibrium amount of substance", "initial amount of substance", "absorbed dose", "trace quantity", "to taste", "body burden", "amount of osmotically active particles" ], "aliasCount": 9, "merged": 9, "knownIn": 68, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q104946", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104946", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T04:20:50Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q104946", "registryId": "vr.tr.amount-of-substance", "name": "amount of substance", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q104946/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.amount-of-substance", "name": "amount of substance", "purpose": "Let an agent explain amount of substance and the mole, relay definitions and usage from metrology and chemistry references, describe calculations with molar mass and concentration, and distinguish amount of substance from mass, number and dose quantities.", "definition": "A base quantity of the International System of Units that measures the number of specified elementary entities such as atoms, molecules or ions in a sample, with the mole as its unit defined since 2019 as exactly 6.02214076 times ten to the twenty-third entities, used in chemistry to relate mass to numbers of particles through molar mass and in forms such as the amount of a component, initial and equilibrium amounts in reactions and trace quantities; the registry aliases absorbed dose and lethal dose belong to other quantities.", "what_it_is_for": "Counting entities in chemistry.", "affordances": [ "explain the quantity and mole", "relay definitions and usage", "describe calculations", "distinguish from other quantities" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Counts entities", "SI base quantity", "Exact Avogadro definition", "Chemical calculations" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a quantity in equations.", "visual_identification": [ "SI base quantity counting entities", "Mole, molar mass, amount of component, initial and equilibrium amounts, trace quantities", "Mass is measured in kilograms; absorbed dose is energy per mass; lethal dose is a toxicology measure" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "SI unit", "typical_range": "mole", "unit": "unit", "note": "symbol mol" }, { "quantity": "Avogadro constant", "typical_range": "6.02214076e23", "unit": "per mole", "note": "exact since 2019" }, { "quantity": "molar mass of carbon-12", "typical_range": "about 12", "unit": "g/mol", "note": "no longer exactly 12" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "amount of substance of a pure sample", "amount of substance of a component in a mixture", "initial and equilibrium amounts in reactions", "trace quantities", "amount concentration and molality as derived quantities" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "extensive quantity", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "scalar quantity", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is measured in", "target": "mole", "why": "the SI unit" }, { "relation": "is related to mass by", "target": "molar mass", "why": "of the substance" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ISO 80000-9", "value_or_pattern": "amount of substance", "note": "physical chemistry quantities" }, { "scheme": "SI", "value_or_pattern": "mol", "note": "base unit" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "SI Brochure and 2019 redefinition", "ISO 80000-9", "IUPAC Green Book" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing amount of substance with mass or number", "Registry aliases mixing in dose quantities", "Ambiguity about which entity is counted" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What amount of substance is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and the mole.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is amount of substance, and how is the mole defined since 2019?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about amount of substance, mass, number of entities or a dose quantity?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms of the quantity.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the amount of a component, initial and equilibrium amounts, and trace quantities?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "compute", "name": "Compute", "description": "Calculations.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "molar", "name": "Molar", "description": "Molar mass and concentration.", "findings": [ { "id": "molar-finding", "name": "Molar", "description": "Molar.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are amount, mass, molar mass and concentration related in calculations?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stoichiometry", "name": "Stoichiometry", "description": "Stoichiometry.", "findings": [ { "id": "stoichiometry-finding", "name": "Stoichiometry", "description": "Stoichiometry.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is amount of substance used in reaction stoichiometry and equilibrium calculations?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which entry fits stoichiometry?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measure", "name": "Measure", "description": "Measurement.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "realisation", "name": "Realisation", "description": "Realising the mole.", "findings": [ { "id": "realisation-finding", "name": "Realisation", "description": "Realisation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the mole realised in practice, and what was the Avogadro project?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History of the mole.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the mole develop from Avogadro and Ostwald to the 2019 redefinition?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of the mole?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Teaching and related quantities.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "teaching", "name": "Teaching", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teaching-finding", "name": "Teaching", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the mole taught, and what misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits chemistry education?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "related", "name": "Related", "description": "Dose quantities.", "findings": [ { "id": "related-finding", "name": "Related", "description": "Related.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are absorbed dose and lethal dose, and why are they distinct from amount of substance?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits absorbed dose?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the mole be the primary linked entry?", "How should metrology references be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming dose quantities; should they be corrected?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a amount of substance, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain amount of substance and the mole, relay definitions and usage from metrology and chemistry references, describe calculations with molar mass and concentration, and distinguish amount of substance from mass, number and dose quantities.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: absolute lethal dose, amount of substance of component, equilibrium amount of substance, initial amount of substance, absorbed dose, trace quantity, to taste, body burden, amount of osmotically active particles.", "9 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a amount of substance, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "absolute lethal dose", "amount of substance of component", "equilibrium amount of substance", "initial amount of substance", "absorbed dose", "trace quantity", "to taste", "body burden", "amount of osmotically active particles" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 9 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one amount of substance from another, and a amount of substance from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a amount of substance, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a amount of substance, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a amount of substance is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a amount of substance, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a amount of substance, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a amount of substance is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a amount of substance sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a amount of substance, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a amount of substance, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a amount of substance is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a amount of substance from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a amount of substance, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a amount of substance, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a amount of substance is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a amount of substance passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a amount of substance between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a amount of substance, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a amount of substance, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a amount of substance is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a amount of substance, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a amount of substance is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a amount of substance, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a amount of substance, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a amount of substance is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What amount of substance is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of amount of substance are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is amount of substance operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of amount of substance and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of amount of substance?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as amount of substance?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a amount of substance came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a amount of substance and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a amount of substance, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a amount of substance, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a amount of substance is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a amount of substance is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a amount of substance, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a amount of substance, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a amount of substance is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }