{ "model": { "rank": 5060, "code": "thing-q105784", "model_id": "vr.tr.homo-heidelbergensis", "name": "Homo heidelbergensis", "purpose": "Enable an agent to evaluate assignments to Homo heidelbergensis, compare evidence about its populations, and choose research actions without treating disputed taxonomy or inferred behaviour as settled.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q105784/", "tier": 2, "score": 70, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Tautavel Man" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 70, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q105784", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105784", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:35:10Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08817-89c4-7731-895b-212b80ea4d04\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Homo heidelbergensis\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005:", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08817-89d4-7be0-ad55-e36a92daf3cd\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Homo heidelbergensis\nRegistry id: vr.tr.homo-heidelbergensis\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into thi" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q105784", "registryId": "vr.tr.homo-heidelbergensis", "name": "Homo heidelbergensis", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q105784/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.homo-heidelbergensis", "name": "Homo heidelbergensis", "purpose": "Enable an agent to evaluate assignments to Homo heidelbergensis, compare evidence about its populations, and choose research actions without treating disputed taxonomy or inferred behaviour as settled.", "definition": "Homo heidelbergensis is an extinct, taxonomically disputed species of Middle Pleistocene humans, named from the Mauer mandible in Germany, whose boundaries and relationships to Neanderthals and Homo sapiens depend on which fossils are included.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the extinct hominin taxon concept registered as vr.tr.homo-heidelbergensis in PHY / PHY.LIV, including its diagnostic boundaries, attributed fossil evidence and competing circumscriptions; specimens, populations and archaeological associations remain separately identifiable.", "in_scope": [ "Scientific name, nomenclatural authority, type specimen and explicitly selected taxonomic circumscription", "Evidence supporting or challenging the attribution of particular fossil remains", "Anatomical variation, development and cautiously inferred population differences", "Dated occurrences and environmental reconstructions conditional on fossil attribution", "Evolutionary relationships and behavioural interpretations with explicit uncertainty" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete models of Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens or Denisovan populations", "Individual fossil accession records, ownership and collection management", "Archaeological sites, sedimentary sequences and dating methods as independent things", "Stone tools, wooden weapons and animal remains as independent artifact or organism models", "Living-species husbandry, population management and assumed IUCN assessments" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require an attribution to the name-bearing Mauer mandible or a stated diagnosis linked to it; Middle Pleistocene age alone does not establish membership. The type locality and discovery are described by the [Smithsonian Human Origins Program](https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-heidelbergensis).", "Compare preserved mandibular, dental and cranial character combinations against explicit Homo erectus, Neanderthal and early Homo sapiens reference samples; neither robustness nor brain size alone is a sufficient test.", "Distinguish a geographically restricted taxonomic usage from a broader grouping of Middle Pleistocene Homo; the same fossil may receive different assignments under different definitions.", "Test historical assignments against newer evidence: Sima de los Huesos nuclear DNA supports Neanderthal affinity, so an older Homo heidelbergensis label cannot by itself establish evolutionary placement. See [Meyer et al., 2016](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature17405).", "Treat a taxon assignment, a population reconstruction and an individual specimen identification as different claims with different evidence requirements." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic circumscription", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named author-and-year concept; geographically restricted, geographically broad or explicitly unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which fossil occurrences and biological claims can be combined." }, { "name": "Nomenclatural anchor", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Scientific name linked to verified authority, original description and name-bearing type", "why_it_matters": "Keeps competing biological interpretations attached to the same nomenclatural reference." }, { "name": "External taxonomy mapping", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Verified GBIF and NCBI identifiers, database version, taxonomic status and concept-match qualification; unverified or absent permitted", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a database name match from silently resolving disputed taxonomic boundaries." }, { "name": "Fossil attribution confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Supported under stated diagnosis, provisional, contested, excluded or unassessed", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether a specimen contributes to summaries of the taxon." }, { "name": "Anatomical evidence profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mandibular, dental and cranial dimensions in mm; endocranial volume in cm³ where estimable; method and uncertainty required", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparative diagnosis without inventing measurements for missing anatomy." }, { "name": "Occurrence age", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "ka before present with reference convention, uncertainty interval, dated material and method", "why_it_matters": "Separates directly dated remains from ages inferred through their geological context." }, { "name": "Occurrence and habitat association", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Attributed specimen linked to locality, stratigraphic unit and independently supported environmental reconstruction", "why_it_matters": "Builds a conditional distribution instead of assuming a continuous native range." }, { "name": "Developmental and sex assessment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Estimated developmental stage and sex assessment, each with method, confidence and indeterminate option", "why_it_matters": "Prevents age-related variation or uncertain sex estimates from becoming taxonomic distinctions." }, { "name": "Evolutionary placement", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Published ancestry or affinity hypothesis with morphological, molecular or chronological support", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes evidence of relationship from a claim of direct ancestry." }, { "name": "Extinction and assessment status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Extinct taxon; last attributed occurrence conditional on circumscription; IUCN assessment and year only if verified", "why_it_matters": "Avoids equating the youngest known fossil with the extinction date or inventing a formal conservation assessment." } ], "affordances": [ "Evaluate a proposed fossil attribution against a named taxonomic concept and competing diagnoses.", "Compare anatomical observations while accounting for preservation, developmental stage and uncertain sex.", "Construct alternative temporal and geographic distributions from explicitly included specimens.", "Trace ancestry and behavioural claims to the specimens, analyses and archaeological associations supporting them.", "Identify observations or analyses that could discriminate between competing assignments.", "Recommend a research method while referring specimen access and destructive sampling decisions to the responsible collection." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "taxonomic-name-and-boundaries", "name": "Taxonomic name and boundaries", "description": "Make the meaning of Homo heidelbergensis explicit before aggregating evidence.", "rationale": "Different circumscriptions can produce different distributions, diagnoses and evolutionary narratives under the same name.", "layers": [ { "id": "name-bearing-anchor", "name": "Name-bearing anchor", "description": "Connect the registered name to its nomenclatural basis and external records.", "findings": [ { "id": "verify-name-and-type", "name": "Verify name and type", "description": "Record the original naming authority and date, the type reference and verified database mappings without assuming universal acceptance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which original description establishes the authority, date and name-bearing Mauer specimen?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verify-name-and-type-q01" }, { "text": "Do the verified GBIF and NCBI records represent the same circumscription used here, and what status does each database assign?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "verify-name-and-type-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "competing-circumscriptions", "name": "Competing circumscriptions", "description": "Represent alternative membership rules without creating additional registry entries.", "findings": [ { "id": "declare-inclusion-rule", "name": "Declare inclusion rule", "description": "Associate each synthesis with an explicit diagnosis and inclusion list; retain alternative labels as attributed scholarly interpretations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the selected treatment restrict Homo heidelbergensis to a European sample or include African and other Middle Pleistocene remains?", "kind": "definition", "id": "declare-inclusion-rule-q01" }, { "text": "How does this treatment handle specimens assigned elsewhere to Homo rhodesiensis, Homo bodoensis or early Neanderthals?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "declare-inclusion-rule-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fossil-diagnosis-and-variation", "name": "Fossil diagnosis and variation", "description": "Evaluate anatomical assignments using preserved evidence and appropriate comparisons.", "rationale": "A fragmentary type and unevenly preserved referred remains require explicit limits on character comparison.", "layers": [ { "id": "comparative-anatomy", "name": "Comparative anatomy", "description": "Connect proposed diagnostic traits to observable anatomical regions.", "findings": [ { "id": "test-character-combinations", "name": "Test character combinations", "description": "Distinguish measured anatomy from restoration and evaluate combinations of characters against competing Homo assignments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which mandibular and dental observations permit comparison with Mauer, and what independently justifies referring isolated crania?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "test-character-combinations-q01" }, { "text": "Which measurements and character combinations discriminate the specimen from the selected Homo erectus, Neanderthal and early Homo sapiens samples?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "test-character-combinations-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-sample-variation", "name": "Development and sample variation", "description": "Assess variation before interpreting differences as taxonomic.", "findings": [ { "id": "separate-biological-and-preservation-effects", "name": "Separate biological and preservation effects", "description": "Track development, pathology, deformation and uncertain sex estimates when comparing attributed individuals.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could an apparent diagnostic difference reflect developmental stage, tooth wear, pathology or post-depositional distortion?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "separate-biological-and-preservation-effects-q01" }, { "text": "Does the independently assessed sample support a sexual-dimorphism estimate, or would that inference depend circularly on size-based sex assignments?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "separate-biological-and-preservation-effects-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "chronology-range-and-environment", "name": "Chronology, range and environment", "description": "Build a dated occurrence history conditional on taxonomy and geological context.", "rationale": "Changing one disputed attribution can change the apparent duration, distribution or environmental tolerance of the taxon.", "layers": [ { "id": "dated-fossil-occurrences", "name": "Dated fossil occurrences", "description": "Preserve the chain connecting each fossil to its age estimate.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualify-age-and-context", "name": "Qualify age and context", "description": "Distinguish fossil dating from dating of associated deposits and record possible reworking.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was the fossil itself dated, or does its age depend on sediment, associated material or stratigraphic correlation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualify-age-and-context-q01" }, { "text": "What uncertainty interval and evidence for reworking or contextual disturbance affect its use as an early or late occurrence?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualify-age-and-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conditional-palaeodistribution", "name": "Conditional palaeodistribution", "description": "Infer spatial and environmental patterns from accepted occurrences.", "findings": [ { "id": "test-range-and-habitat-inferences", "name": "Test range and habitat inferences", "description": "Keep sampled localities distinct from occupied territory and environmental associations distinct from demonstrated adaptations.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the inferred geographic and temporal ranges change when contested African or European specimens are excluded?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "test-range-and-habitat-inferences-q01" }, { "text": "Which fauna, flora or sedimentary proxies reconstruct the environment of an attributed occurrence, and are they contemporaneous with the fossil?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "test-range-and-habitat-inferences-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evolutionary-relationships", "name": "Evolutionary relationships", "description": "Represent competing relationship hypotheses and the evidence that can distinguish them.", "rationale": "Grouping fossils under Homo heidelbergensis does not by itself demonstrate a single lineage or direct ancestry.", "layers": [ { "id": "morphological-phylogeny", "name": "Morphological phylogeny", "description": "Assess relationship claims derived from comparative anatomy.", "findings": [ { "id": "separate-membership-from-ancestry", "name": "Separate membership from ancestry", "description": "Record whether a study proposes a clade, an evolutionary grade or an ancestral population, with its included specimens.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the analysis test common ancestry of the included fossils, or group them through broadly intermediate morphology?", "kind": "definition", "id": "separate-membership-from-ancestry-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports direct ancestry of later Homo populations rather than a sister-group relationship or unresolved affinity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "separate-membership-from-ancestry-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "molecular-evidence-and-reassignment", "name": "Molecular evidence and reassignment", "description": "Apply molecular results at the specimen and population levels before generalizing to the taxon.", "findings": [ { "id": "reconcile-molecular-and-taxonomic-claims", "name": "Reconcile molecular and taxonomic claims", "description": "Track molecular evidence from historically attributed material without treating it as a genome representative of every proposed member.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which exact specimens yielded authenticated nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA or proteins, and which taxonomic treatment included them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reconcile-molecular-and-taxonomic-claims-q01" }, { "text": "How should Sima de los Huesos relationship evidence affect its membership under the selected Homo heidelbergensis concept?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reconcile-molecular-and-taxonomic-claims-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "behavioural-inference-and-research-actions", "name": "Behavioural inference and research actions", "description": "Control how archaeological observations become claims about Homo heidelbergensis and guide further investigation.", "rationale": "An artifact's age or proximity cannot alone identify its maker, and resolving fossil assignments may require access to rare human remains.", "layers": [ { "id": "archaeological-association", "name": "Archaeological association", "description": "Evaluate proposed links to technology, subsistence, fire and treatment of the dead.", "findings": [ { "id": "grade-behavioural-attributions", "name": "Grade behavioural attributions", "description": "Keep an observed archaeological trace separate from its association with a hominin population and its behavioural interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What stratigraphic and chronological evidence links a proposed tool, hunting or fire occurrence to remains attributed to Homo heidelbergensis?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "grade-behavioural-attributions-q01" }, { "text": "For claims of deliberate body deposition or ritual, which observations distinguish intentional behaviour from natural accumulation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "grade-behavioural-attributions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "discriminating-research", "name": "Discriminating research", "description": "Choose investigations that can resolve a specified taxonomic or biological uncertainty.", "findings": [ { "id": "select-informative-analysis", "name": "Select informative analysis", "description": "Connect each proposed analysis to a discriminating question, preservation limits and the responsible specimen custodian.", "questions": [ { "text": "Would comparative measurements, CT imaging, revised dating or molecular analysis distinguish the competing assignments, and what result would change the conclusion?", "kind": "action", "id": "select-informative-analysis-q01" }, { "text": "Can existing scans or samples answer the question, and what collection authorization is required if additional sampling is necessary?", "kind": "action", "id": "select-informative-analysis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Check the intended taxonomic scope first: narrow European and broad African-European interpretations describe different fossil samples and evolutionary hypotheses.", "Dates, geographic range and anatomical measurements depend on specimen assignments; the commonly quoted span of roughly 700,000-200,000 years ago is an approximate traditional range.", "This account is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; database identifiers and formal conservation assessments are omitted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Homo heidelbergensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Zoological binomial and taxonomic authority", "value_or_pattern": "Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908", "note": "The name is anchored to the Mauer mandible, the species' holotype; this does not establish that all fossils historically assigned to it belong to one species." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Homo heidelbergensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, issued by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, governs the name's nomenclatural availability, priority and type designation, but does not determine species boundaries." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Homo heidelbergensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Classifying and comparing Middle Pleistocene human fossils.", "Testing hypotheses about the origins of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens.", "Organizing museum collections and communicating human evolutionary history." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Homo heidelbergensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Estimated cranial capacity", "typical_range": "Approximately 1100-1400 for many traditionally attributed specimens; not a diagnostic boundary", "unit": "cm³" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Homo heidelbergensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating a disputed fossil grouping as a universally accepted, clearly bounded biological species.", "Combining African and European specimens into one species without stating the taxonomic interpretation.", "Attributing tools, hunting practices or other behaviour to the species solely because archaeological remains occur nearby.", "Inferring species-wide sexual dimorphism, growth patterns or behaviour from sparse and unevenly preserved fossils.", "Confusing a taxon with an individual fossil, a local population or a direct ancestral lineage." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Homo heidelbergensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "European usage is anchored to the German Mauer specimen; some other European fossils formerly included are interpreted as early Neanderthals.", "African Middle Pleistocene fossils are included in broad interpretations but assigned to other taxa or left informally classified in narrower interpretations.", "Assignments of Asian fossils are especially contested and should be specified specimen by specimen." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Homo heidelbergensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Homo neanderthalensis", "difference": "Neanderthal attribution rests on a characteristic combination of anatomical traits and, where available, molecular evidence; the boundary with European fossils assigned to H. heidelbergensis is debated." }, { "name": "Homo sapiens", "difference": "Attribution uses combinations of derived cranial and mandibular features, including a true chin where preserved; early specimens complicate a simple anatomical boundary." }, { "name": "Homo erectus", "difference": "Traditionally distinguished using combinations of cranial architecture, robusticity and brain size, with overlap that prevents a single measurement from reliably separating them." }, { "name": "Homo rhodesiensis", "difference": "A separately named taxon anchored to the Kabwe skull, sometimes applied to African fossils otherwise included in H. heidelbergensis; its recognition and scope are disputed." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Homo heidelbergensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which published circumscription should serve as the default for this registry entry, and which specimen assignments remain contested under it?", "Which diagnostic character combinations reliably connect the Mauer mandible to referred cranial material and distinguish that sample from neighbouring Homo taxa?", "What authority record, GBIF and NCBI mappings, and any formal conservation-assessment record can be verified without implying agreement between taxonomic concepts?", "What temporal range, geographic distribution, developmental pattern and sexual dimorphism remain supported after uncertain assignments and preservation effects are accounted for?", "Which ancestry and behavioural claims survive specimen-level review of molecular evidence, dating and archaeological association?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Homo heidelbergensis, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to evaluate assignments to Homo heidelbergensis, compare evidence about its populations, and choose research actions without treating disputed taxonomy or inferred behaviour as settled.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Tautavel Man.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Homo heidelbergensis, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Tautavel Man" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Homo heidelbergensis from another, and a Homo heidelbergensis from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Homo heidelbergensis sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Homo heidelbergensis from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Homo heidelbergensis is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Homo heidelbergensis and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Homo heidelbergensis is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Homo heidelbergensis is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Homo heidelbergensis is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Homo heidelbergensis moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Homo heidelbergensis passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Homo heidelbergensis between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Homo heidelbergensis, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Homo heidelbergensis is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Homo heidelbergensis is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Homo heidelbergensis, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Homo heidelbergensis from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Homo heidelbergensis from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Homo heidelbergensis does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Homo heidelbergensis pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Homo heidelbergensis judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Homo heidelbergensis lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Homo heidelbergensis, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Homo heidelbergensis hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Homo heidelbergensis came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Homo heidelbergensis and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Homo heidelbergensis is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Homo heidelbergensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Homo heidelbergensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Homo heidelbergensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }