{ "model": { "rank": 478, "code": "thing-q10884", "model_id": "vr.tr.tree", "name": "tree", "purpose": "Let an agent treat a tree as an individual living thing that is also a fixed feature of a place, with an owner, a legal status and a duty of care attached to it.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q10884/", "tier": 2, "score": 265, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "individual beech tree", "remarkable tree", "cultivated tree", "Fraxinus excelsior", "Amelanchier alnifolia", "moringa", "Cherry tree", "Olea europaea", "Juglans regia", "national tree", "Malus", "Slava Peremozhtsiam", "Genetically modified tree", "evergreen tree", "wild tree", "invasive tree", "solitary tree", "flowering tree", "Laburnum", "Syringa", "clootie tree", "Singular tree", "lone cherry tree", "giant tree", "tree of local interest", "hibakujumoku", "tree with fused branches", "tilia of liberty", "most important memorial trees of the Czech Republic", "sacred tree", "Singular trees of the Basque Country", "emperor's oak", "Singular trees in Navarra", "Gernika Tree's bud", "Veteran trees in Alicante", "remarkable tree in the Czech Republic", "Kinderboom", "remarkable trees in Luxembourg", "notable oak tree", "Tree of Public Interest" ], "aliasCount": 246, "merged": 247, "knownIn": 265, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.tree", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q10884", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10884", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-10T19:54:08Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q10884", "registryId": "vr.tr.tree", "name": "tree", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q10884/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.tree", "name": "tree", "purpose": "Let an agent treat a tree as an individual living thing that is also a fixed feature of a place, with an owner, a legal status and a duty of care attached to it.", "definition": "A perennial plant with a single self-supporting woody stem that keeps growing in girth for as long as it lives, holding a crown of branches above the ground.", "what_it_is_for": "Nothing, in itself. To people it provides shade, timber, fruit, shelter, drainage, carbon storage and the character of a place.", "affordances": [ "observe and identify it, which is season-dependent", "measure it, which is how age, health and risk are judged", "prune, fell or plant it, mostly with permission", "harvest from it - fruit, nuts, sap, timber", "be harmed by it, when a limb or the whole tree fails" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A single self-supporting woody stem, which separates a tree from a shrub with several - a convention, not a botanical boundary", "Perennial and secondarily thickening, which separates it from tall herbaceous plants such as banana", "The individual matters, not just the species: this tree has an owner, an age and a condition", "Fixed in place, so it belongs to a plot and to whoever owns that plot" ], "appearance": "A woody stem from a few metres to over a hundred, carrying a crown whose shape is the most recognisable feature at distance; bark, leaf, flower and fruit are what identify it up close.", "visual_identification": [ "Leaf shape and arrangement, which is the primary key in summer and useless for half the year in deciduous species", "Bark and branching habit, which work all year and are what winter identification relies on", "Fruit, cone or seed, which is decisive when present and absent most of the time", "Overall crown form at distance, which suggests a family and rarely settles a species" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "height", "typical_range": "3-100", "unit": "m", "note": "the lower bound is a convention separating trees from shrubs" }, { "quantity": "trunk diameter at breast height", "typical_range": "0.1-3", "unit": "m", "note": "measured at 1.3 m by convention, and this is the field measurement everything else is derived from" }, { "quantity": "age", "typical_range": "10-1000", "unit": "years", "note": "some species far exceed this" }, { "quantity": "crown spread", "typical_range": "2-30", "unit": "m", "note": "decides the area affected by roots and by fall" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "by leaf habit: deciduous, evergreen", "by wood: broadleaf, conifer", "by setting: forest, plantation, orchard, street, garden, veteran", "by status: protected, ancient, hazardous, planted, self-seeded" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "plant", "why": "inherits taxonomy, life stages and habitat questions" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "shrub", "why": "the boundary is conventional and different registers draw it differently" }, { "relation": "stands on", "target": "land parcel", "why": "ownership and duty of care follow the land, not the tree" }, { "relation": "regulated by", "target": "tree protection regime", "why": "felling and pruning often need consent" }, { "relation": "produces", "target": "timber", "why": "the material is a separate thing with its own grading and trade" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "accepted binomial", "value_or_pattern": "genus species author, year", "note": "identifies the species, not this tree" }, { "scheme": "tree tag or asset number", "value_or_pattern": "manager-specific", "note": "identifies the individual in a managed population" }, { "scheme": "position", "value_or_pattern": "coordinates", "note": "for a fixed organism this is a stable part of its identity" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Tree preservation orders and equivalent regimes, which forbid work without consent", "Arboricultural inspection standards, which define how condition and risk are assessed", "Timber legality regulations, which govern trade in felled wood", "Protected species law, which can protect what lives in the tree rather than the tree" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Limb or whole-tree failure, which is the hazard that drives inspection regimes", "Root damage from excavation, which kills slowly and is usually noticed years later", "Disease and pests, some of which are notifiable and change what may be moved", "Subsidence and drain damage caused by roots, which is a legal dispute more often than an engineering one" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identification-and-taxon", "name": "Identification and taxon", "description": "What kind of tree this is and how that was settled.", "rationale": "Everything a manager does with a tree depends on the species, and identification is seasonal and easy to get wrong.", "layers": [ { "id": "species", "name": "Species and authority", "description": "The accepted name and who accepts it.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-finding", "name": "Accepted name and synonyms", "description": "The binomial, its authority, and the names it replaces.", "questions": [ { "text": "What species is this tree, under which accepted name and authority?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What evidence settled the identification, and in which season was it made?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-characters", "name": "Field characters", "description": "What can be seen, and when.", "findings": [ { "id": "field-characters-finding", "name": "Diagnostic characters by season", "description": "Which characters are available at which time of year.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which characters distinguish this species from its look-alikes, and when are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What should an agent do when identification is attempted outside that season?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "individual-and-place", "name": "The individual and its place", "description": "This tree, where it stands, and whose it is.", "rationale": "A tree is fixed, so its identity is bound up with a location and an owner in a way a species model cannot express.", "layers": [ { "id": "position-and-ownership", "name": "Position and ownership", "description": "Where it stands and who is responsible.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-ownership-finding", "name": "Location and duty holder", "description": "The plot, the owner and who owes the duty of care.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where exactly does this tree stand, and on whose land?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Who owes the duty of care for it, and to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection", "name": "Protection and constraint", "description": "Orders, designations and what they forbid.", "findings": [ { "id": "protection-finding", "name": "Protection status", "description": "What consent is needed before anything is done.", "questions": [ { "text": "What protection applies to this tree, under which instrument?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which works require consent, and what is the penalty for proceeding without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "growth-and-condition", "name": "Growth, age and condition", "description": "How big, how old, how healthy.", "rationale": "Condition is what decides intervention, and it is assessed by measurement and inspection rather than by looking.", "layers": [ { "id": "dimensions", "name": "Dimensions and age", "description": "Height, diameter, crown and the age they imply.", "findings": [ { "id": "dimensions-finding", "name": "Measured dimensions", "description": "The field measurements and what is derived from them.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the height, diameter at breast height and crown spread of this tree?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How was age estimated, and what is the uncertainty in that estimate?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health", "name": "Health and defects", "description": "Disease, decay, damage and vigour.", "findings": [ { "id": "health-finding", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "What was found, by whom, and against what method.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the condition of this tree, assessed by whom and under what method?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which finding obliges action rather than re-inspection?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "risk-and-management", "name": "Risk and management", "description": "What it might do and what is done about it.", "rationale": "A tree near people or property is a managed risk, and the record of that management is what defends a decision afterwards.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard", "name": "Hazard and target", "description": "What could fail and what it would hit.", "findings": [ { "id": "hazard-finding", "name": "Hazard and exposure", "description": "The failure mode and what is beneath it.", "questions": [ { "text": "What failure is plausible for this tree, and what would it affect?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How often should it be re-inspected given that exposure?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "works", "name": "Works and their record", "description": "Pruning, felling, planting and what was recorded.", "findings": [ { "id": "works-finding", "name": "Work history", "description": "What was done, when, by whom, under what consent.", "questions": [ { "text": "What work has been carried out on this tree, and under whose consent?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What must be recorded about work so a later dispute can be answered?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the individual tree and the species be separate models, given that duty of care attaches to the individual and identification to the species?", "How should a veteran or ancient tree be represented when its value is its age rather than its condition?", "What minimum evidence should support a hazard assessment before an agent may recommend felling?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a tree, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent treat a tree as an individual living thing that is also a fixed feature of a place, with an owner, a legal status and a duty of care attached to it.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: individual beech tree, remarkable tree, cultivated tree, Fraxinus excelsior, Amelanchier alnifolia, moringa, Cherry tree, Olea europaea, Juglans regia, national tree, Malus, Slava Peremozhtsiam.", "247 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 265 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a tree, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "individual beech tree", "remarkable tree", "cultivated tree", "Fraxinus excelsior", "Amelanchier alnifolia", "moringa", "Cherry tree", "Olea europaea", "Juglans regia", "national tree", "Malus", "Slava Peremozhtsiam" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 265 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 247 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one tree from another, and a tree from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a tree sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a tree from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a tree is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a tree and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a tree is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a tree is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a tree is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a tree moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a tree passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a tree between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a tree, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a tree is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What tree is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of tree, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate tree from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish tree from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What tree does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does tree pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of tree judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where tree lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of tree, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does tree hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a tree came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a tree and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a tree is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a tree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a tree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a tree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }