{ "model": { "rank": 15236, "code": "thing-q11000047", "model_id": "vr.tr.health-system", "name": "health system", "purpose": "Let an agent explain what a health system is and how systems differ, relay descriptions and comparative data for particular countries from WHO, OECD and national sources, present reform debates with attribution, and route personal care questions to the relevant service.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ORG", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q11000047/", "tier": 2, "score": 34, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "hospital district", "client-operated services", "healthcare in France", "healthcare in Taiwan", "Integrated care system", "public health in Brazil", "public health system in India", "health service", "COVID-19 vaccination programme in France", "structure mobile d'urgence et de réanimation", "COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan", "military health services", "veterans health services", "Intermunicipal Public Health Consortium, region of Catanduva", "addiction services", "suburban health services", "men's health services", "tissue and organ procurement", "occupational health services", "community health service", "indigenous health services", "women's health services", "maternal health services", "child health services", "genetic services", "dental health services", "patient escort service", "nursing services", "student health services", "health services for persons with disabilities", "urban health services", "dietary services", "pharmaceutical services", "personal health services", "adolescent health services", "health services for transgender persons", "rural health services" ], "aliasCount": 37, "merged": 37, "knownIn": 34, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q11000047", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T20:42:23Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q11000047", "registryId": "vr.tr.health-system", "name": "health system", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ORG" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11000047/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.health-system", "name": "health system", "purpose": "Let an agent explain what a health system is and how systems differ, relay descriptions and comparative data for particular countries from WHO, OECD and national sources, present reform debates with attribution, and route personal care questions to the relevant service.", "definition": "The organisation of people, institutions and resources that deliver health care to a population, including financing, workforce, facilities, medicines, information and governance; health systems differ by country in how they are funded, who provides care and how access is arranged, and are assessed on coverage, quality, cost and equity by bodies such as WHO and OECD.", "what_it_is_for": "Delivering health care to a population.", "affordances": [ "explain the components of a health system", "describe a country system from official sources", "relay comparative indicators with sources", "present reform debates with attribution" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Population-level organisation", "Financing model as the main variable", "Public and private mix", "Assessed on coverage, quality, cost and equity" ], "appearance": "Not a physical object; seen as institutions, facilities, insurance schemes and statistics.", "visual_identification": [ "Financing, provision and governance of health care for a population", "Typologies: tax-funded, social insurance, private insurance, mixed", "A hospital, an insurer or a ministry is one part of a system" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "health spending", "typical_range": "about 5-18", "unit": "percent of GDP", "note": "by country; OECD and WHO data" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "tax-funded national health services", "social health insurance systems", "private insurance based systems", "mixed and integrated care systems", "health systems of specific countries", "sub-national systems such as hospital districts" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "sociotechnical system", "why": "an organised system" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "hospital", "why": "a component" }, { "relation": "is financed by", "target": "health insurance", "why": "or taxation" }, { "relation": "is assessed by", "target": "World Health Organization", "why": "and OECD" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "WHO health system building blocks framework", "National health legislation", "OECD health statistics standards", "Universal health coverage targets under the Sustainable Development Goals" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Gaps in coverage and access", "Cost growth and financial hardship", "Workforce shortages", "Agents giving personal care advice or presenting reform views as fact" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "structure", "name": "Structure", "description": "What a health system is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "components", "name": "Components", "description": "Building blocks.", "findings": [ { "id": "components-finding", "name": "Components", "description": "Components.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the components of a health system, and how do they fit together?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about a system or about a specific service or personal care?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "types", "name": "Types", "description": "Typologies.", "findings": [ { "id": "types-finding", "name": "Types", "description": "Types.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are health systems classified by financing and provision?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific country?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "country", "name": "Country", "description": "Describing a country system.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "description", "name": "Description", "description": "Description.", "findings": [ { "id": "description-finding", "name": "Description", "description": "Description.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is a given country system organised and financed, from official and WHO sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources and years are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "name": "Access", "description": "Access and coverage.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-finding", "name": "Access", "description": "Access.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who is covered, and how is care accessed and paid for?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking how to get care now, which needs the service itself?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "compare", "name": "Compare", "description": "Performance and comparison.", "rationale": "Data.", "layers": [ { "id": "indicators", "name": "Indicators", "description": "Indicators.", "findings": [ { "id": "indicators-finding", "name": "Indicators", "description": "Indicators.", "questions": [ { "text": "What indicators compare systems on coverage, outcomes, cost and equity, with sources?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which entry fits health statistics?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rankings", "name": "Rankings", "description": "Rankings and limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "rankings-finding", "name": "Rankings", "description": "Rankings.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do comparative studies and rankings show, and what are their limits?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Reform and history.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "reform", "name": "Reform", "description": "Reform debates.", "findings": [ { "id": "reform-finding", "name": "Reform", "description": "Reform.", "questions": [ { "text": "What reform debates exist, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did modern health systems develop, and which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits health policy?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each country system be a separate entry?", "How should WHO and OECD data be linked and dated?", "The registry entry has merged country aliases; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a health system, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain what a health system is and how systems differ, relay descriptions and comparative data for particular countries from WHO, OECD and national sources, present reform debates with attribution, and route personal care questions to the relevant service.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: hospital district, client-operated services, healthcare in France, healthcare in Taiwan, Integrated care system, public health in Brazil, public health system in India, health service, COVID-19 vaccination programme in France, structure mobile d'urgence et de réanimation, COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan, military health services.", "37 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 34 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a health system, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Acts through people, and only through them.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "hospital district", "client-operated services", "healthcare in France", "healthcare in Taiwan", "Integrated care system", "public health in Brazil", "public health system in India", "health service", "COVID-19 vaccination programme in France", "structure mobile d'urgence et de réanimation", "COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan", "military health services" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 34 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 37 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one health system from another, and a health system from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a health system, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a health system, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a health system is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a health system, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a health system, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a health system is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a health system sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a health system, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a health system, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a health system is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a health system from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a health system, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a health system, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a health system is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a health system passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a health system between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a health system, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a health system, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a health system is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a health system, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a health system is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a health system, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a health system, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a health system is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a health system.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a health system and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a health system, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a health system, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a health system, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a health system is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a health system and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a health system sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a health system, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a health system, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a health system is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What health system is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does health system take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of health system, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in health system and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of health system may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does health system have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a health system came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a health system and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a health system, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a health system, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a health system is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a health system is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a health system, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a health system, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a health system is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }