acid
Let an agent explain what acids are under the main definitions, distinguish strong from weak and mineral from organic acids, relay safety, classification and handling rules, and route exposure incidents to emergency and poison services.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain what acids are under the main definitions, distinguish strong from weak and mineral from organic acids, relay safety, classification and handling rules, and route exposure incidents to emergency and poison services.
A chemical species that donates protons or accepts electron pairs, giving aqueous solutions a pH below 7, a sour taste and the ability to react with bases to form salts and with metals to release hydrogen; acids range from strong mineral acids such as sulfuric and hydrochloric acid to weak organic acids such as acetic and citric acid, and are defined by the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis theories.
What it is for: Not for anything in itself; a class of chemical species used throughout industry, biology and daily life.
It can be explain definitions and properties; classify acids by strength and type; relay safety and handling rules; route exposure incidents.
Distinguishing features
Proton donor or electron pair acceptor
Strength measured by dissociation
Corrosive at high concentration
Central to chemistry and biology
What it looks like
Not a single appearance; liquids, solids and gases in solution, from clear corrosive liquids to lemon juice.
Physical character
pH of strong acid solutions: 0-2 pH - concentrated
pKa range: about -10 to 16 pKa - from superacids to very weak acids
How it is recognised
pH below 7 in water
Reacts with bases and many metals
Bases are the counterpart; salts are the products
Related models
is a kind of - or species
is contrasted with - the counterpart
forms - with bases
is measured by - the acidity scale
In practice
Families and kinds
strong mineral acids such as sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric
weak organic acids such as acetic and citric
Lewis acids
superacids
amino and fatty acids as biological acids
acids as a drug slang sense, unrelated
Identifiers
CAS number per acid
GHS hazard classes corrosive and others per acid and concentration
Standards and regulation
GHS classification and labelling
Dangerous goods transport rules for corrosives
Occupational exposure limits
Food additive rules for edible acids
Failure modes and hazards
Burns and eye injury from corrosive acids
Toxic fumes from mixing acids with other chemicals
Acid attacks, addressed by law
Confusing senses of the word
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.acid
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Concept What an acid is.
Definition.
Definitions
Theories of acids.
Definitions
Definitions.
- How do the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis definitions describe acids? definition
- Is the question about a chemical acid or another sense of the word? boundary
Strength
Strength and pH.
Strength
Strength.
- How are acid strength, pKa and pH related, and what is a strong acid? definition
- Which entry fits pH? action
Kinds Kinds of acid.
Classification.
Inorganic
Mineral acids.
Inorganic
Inorganic.
- What are the main mineral acids and their uses? provenance
- Which entry fits a specific acid? action
Organic
Organic and biological acids.
Organic
Organic.
- What are the main organic and biological acids? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Safety Handling and hazards.
Safety.
Handling
Handling.
Handling
Handling.
- What handling, storage and labelling rules apply to acids? provenance
- Is the user reporting an exposure or attack, which needs emergency services? boundary
Response
First response.
Response
Response.
- What do poison control and safety bodies advise after acid exposure? provenance
- Which entry fits chemical burns? action
Learn Chemistry and teaching.
Study.
Reactions
Reactions.
Reactions
Reactions.
- How do acids react with bases, metals and carbonates? definition
- Which entry fits acid-base reactions? action
Teach
Teaching.
Teach
Teaching.
- How are acids taught, and which misconceptions arise? provenance
- Which entry fits chemistry education? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should each major acid be a separate entry?
- How should safety data be linked?
- How should the theories of acids be represented?