acid
Let an agent explain what acids are under the main definitions, distinguish strong from weak and mineral from organic acids, relay safety, classification and handling rules, and route exposure incidents to emergency and poison services.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Concept What an acid is.
Definitions
Theories of acids.
Definitions
Definitions.
- How do the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis definitions describe acids? definition
- Is the question about a chemical acid or another sense of the word? boundary
Strength
Strength and pH.
Strength
Strength.
- How are acid strength, pKa and pH related, and what is a strong acid? definition
- Which entry fits pH? action
Kinds Kinds of acid.
Inorganic
Mineral acids.
Inorganic
Inorganic.
- What are the main mineral acids and their uses? provenance
- Which entry fits a specific acid? action
Organic
Organic and biological acids.
Organic
Organic.
- What are the main organic and biological acids? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Safety Handling and hazards.
Handling
Handling.
Handling
Handling.
- What handling, storage and labelling rules apply to acids? provenance
- Is the user reporting an exposure or attack, which needs emergency services? boundary
Response
First response.
Response
Response.
- What do poison control and safety bodies advise after acid exposure? provenance
- Which entry fits chemical burns? action
Learn Chemistry and teaching.
Reactions
Reactions.
Reactions
Reactions.
- How do acids react with bases, metals and carbonates? definition
- Which entry fits acid-base reactions? action
Teach
Teaching.
Teach
Teaching.
- How are acids taught, and which misconceptions arise? provenance
- Which entry fits chemistry education? action
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.MAT
What it is Filled
A chemical species that donates protons under the Bronsted-Lowry definition or accepts electron pairs under the Lewis definition; under the Arrhenius definition, an acid increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in water, while acidic aqueous pH, sour taste and hydrogen release in reactions with metals are not universal properties across these definitions; acids range from strong mineral acids such as sulfuric and hydrochloric acid to weak organic acids such as acetic and citric acid.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent explain what acids are under the main definitions, distinguish strong from weak and mineral from organic acids, relay safety, classification and handling rules, and route exposure incidents to emergency and poison services.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Proton donor or electron pair acceptor
- Strength measured by dissociation
- Corrosive at high concentration
- Central to chemistry and biology
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Assist in using acids to injure or disfigure people.
- Advise mixing acids with other household chemicals.
- Advise disposal of acids into drains or the environment against local rules.
- Give guidance on obtaining corrosive acids outside lawful channels.
Only with a human decision
- Responding to an acid exposure or spill, which needs emergency services.
- Decisions to store or dispose of strong acids.
May
- Explain acid definitions, pH and the difference between strong and weak acids.
- Relay safety data sheet guidance on storage, protective equipment and first aid.
- Separate the chemical sense from other senses of the word.
Moral aspects Filled
- Acid attacks cause lifelong injury and are crimes in many jurisdictions.
- Accidental exposure harms workers, children and bystanders.
Who is affected
- Victims of acid attacks
- Workers and households
- Emergency responders
Owners Filled
Steward
The holder of the chemical; chemical safety authorities regulate sale and use.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q11173 - registry parent class
related
- chemical compound - or species
- base - the counterpart
- salt - with bases
- pH - the acidity scale
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.acid
- Wikidata: Q11158 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11158)
- CAS number: per acid
- GHS hazard classes: corrosive and others per acid and concentration
Direct properties required Filled
- pH of strong acid solutions: 0-2 pH - concentrated
- pKa range: about -10 to 16 pKa - from superacids to very weak acids
Recognition required Filled
- pH below 7 in water
- Reacts with bases and many metals
- Bases are the counterpart; salts are the products
- Not a single appearance; liquids, solids and gases in solution, from clear corrosive liquids to lemon juice.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- explain definitions and properties
- classify acids by strength and type
- relay safety and handling rules
- route exposure incidents
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Burns and eye injury from corrosive acids
- Toxic fumes from mixing acids with other chemicals
- Acid attacks, addressed by law
- Confusing senses of the word
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- GHS classification and labelling
- Dangerous goods transport rules for corrosives
- Occupational exposure limits
- Food additive rules for edible acids
Context of use required Filled
- Not for anything in itself; a class of chemical species used throughout industry, biology and daily life.
- strong mineral acids such as sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric
- weak organic acids such as acetic and citric
- Lewis acids
- superacids
- amino and fatty acids as biological acids
- acids as a drug slang sense, unrelated
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q11158: acid - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Acid - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should each major acid be a separate entry?
- How should safety data be linked?
- How should the theories of acids be represented?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q11158/spec.json