{ "model": { "rank": 2579, "code": "thing-q11169", "model_id": "vr.tr.question-mark", "name": "question mark", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a question mark, assess whether its form and use fit its context, and decide whether to preserve, insert, replace, explain or flag it.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q11169/", "tier": 2, "score": 102, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "⸮", "; (U+037E)", "՞", "܉" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 102, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q11169", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11169", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:09:53Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.04219116, "turns": 3, "seconds": 126.5, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 89.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b56-9595-7383-bbd1-2fda849cf147\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: question mark\nRegistry id: vr.tr.question-mark\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.MED\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q11169", "registryId": "vr.tr.question-mark", "name": "question mark", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11169/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.question-mark", "name": "question mark", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a question mark, assess whether its form and use fit its context, and decide whether to preserve, insert, replace, explain or flag it.", "definition": "A punctuation grapheme that marks interrogative illocution (and, by extension, uncertainty or a missing value) in writing and encoded media, whose canonical Latin-script form is Unicode U+003F QUESTION MARK, inherited from ASCII 0x3F and historically the medieval punctus interrogativus.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the question mark as an identifiable sign and its occurrences in text or other media, including its representation, contextual function, attachment and editing constraints; the registry has not yet settled which variants belong to this sign family.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of a question-mark sign independently of its font or visual styling", "Individual occurrences and their attachment to surrounding text or interface elements", "Interrogative, uncertainty-signalling, literal and formally assigned uses", "Encoded, drawn and rendered representations and their correspondence", "Context-sensitive validation and permitted transformations" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The content, answerability and resolution of a question", "Complete grammar and punctuation systems of individual languages", "Whole typefaces, font production and general text layout", "Programming languages, query languages and URI syntax beyond the role assigned to a question-mark occurrence", "Complete help controls, status indicators or other interface components containing the sign" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Distinguish the sign from a question: a question-mark occurrence can be recorded even when no interrogative content is present.", "Distinguish identity from resemblance: a curved stroke and dot are visual evidence, while the encoded character, source or declared convention may support a different identity.", "Distinguish a literal question mark from a symbol with a formally assigned role by checking the enclosing notation and whether its interpreter gives it operational meaning.", "Distinguish a question mark used to signal uncertainty from an interface control by recording whether the sign itself is merely displayed or belongs to an actionable component.", "Distinguish a standalone sign from a sequence or composite by checking character boundaries, visual grouping and the governing convention before splitting it." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Sign identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Identified question mark; candidate variant; lookalike; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents visual resemblance from being treated as sufficient proof of identity." }, { "name": "Recorded representation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Encoded text; vector outline; raster image; handwriting; mixed representation", "why_it_matters": "Determines how identity can be checked and which edits preserve the source." }, { "name": "Language or notation context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Reference to the applicable language, writing convention, formal notation or interface convention; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Placement and interpretation depend on the convention governing the occurrence." }, { "name": "Contextual function", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Interrogative punctuation; uncertainty annotation; literal mention; formal syntax; interface symbol; other evidenced function; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "The same visible sign can require different interpretation and handling." }, { "name": "Attachment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Reference to the affected text span, token, annotation target or interface component; unattached; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Identifies what the occurrence qualifies or participates in." }, { "name": "Sequence position", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Start offset and length with the indexing unit declared; unavailable for unsegmented visual sources", "why_it_matters": "Supports exact selection without confusing character boundaries with visual boundaries." }, { "name": "Contextual validity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unchecked; supported by the governing convention; disputed; inconsistent with the governing convention", "why_it_matters": "Separates an observed occurrence from a judgement that its use is appropriate." }, { "name": "Representation integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Verified against source; suspected recognition error; suspected substitution; illegible; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish an intentional question mark from a damaged or incorrectly transcribed sign." }, { "name": "Editing constraint", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Source-preserving only; editorial changes permitted; changes require syntax validation; changes require review; unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Prevents punctuation correction from changing quoted evidence or executable meaning." } ], "affordances": [ "Locate and classify an occurrence while retaining its original representation.", "Associate the sign with the text, token or component whose interpretation it affects.", "Check its placement and function against an identified language or notation convention.", "Insert, remove or replace it when editing authority and contextual rules support the change.", "Explain its evidenced role or flag ambiguity for review.", "Compare source and output representations to detect recognition errors or unintended substitutions." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-question-mark", "title": "Question mark", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question_mark", "what_it_supports": "Definition, history (punctus interrogativus), script variants, Unicode inventory, computing/URI/regex/wildcard uses, chess and medical notation, neighbours (glottal stop, replacement character, Greek semicolon).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-inverted-qm", "title": "Upside-down question and exclamation marks", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upside-down_question_and_exclamation_marks", "what_it_supports": "Spanish paired ¿…? rule from the Real Academia Española (1754), encodings U+00BF/U+00A1, nested ¿¡…!? practice.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-wildcard", "title": "Wildcard character", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcard_character", "what_it_supports": "Question mark as a single-character glob in Unix, MS-DOS and Access, contrasted with * / % / _.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "w3c-clreq", "title": "Requirements for Chinese Text Layout - 中文排版需求", "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/clreq/", "what_it_supports": "Fullwidth ？ (U+FF1F) as 問號/问号; sequential ??? compressed to two ems; ⁇ (U+2047) taking one em.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "unicode-general-punctuation", "title": "General Punctuation", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Punctuation", "what_it_supports": "Related punctuation block: interrobang, double question mark, question-exclamation combinations, emoji presentation of U+2049.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "unicodeplus-u003f", "title": "U+003F QUESTION MARK", "url": "https://unicodeplus.com/U+003F", "what_it_supports": "Code point properties: Basic Latin, general category Other Punctuation, UTF-8 0x3F, HTML ?, URL %3F, East Asian Width narrow, not mirrored.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "sign-identity", "name": "Sign identity", "description": "Establish what counts as this sign and what evidence identifies an occurrence.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a question mark from a resembling shape before interpreting or changing it.", "layers": [ { "id": "family-boundary", "name": "Family boundary", "description": "Separate the registered sign from candidate variants and neighbouring punctuation.", "findings": [ { "id": "variant-membership", "name": "Variant membership", "description": "Record whether an observed form belongs to this entry, with unresolved membership retained explicitly.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes that this form belongs to the registered question mark rather than a neighbouring sign?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "variant-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Which visual or encoded differences are treated as variants by the convention governing this occurrence?", "kind": "definition", "id": "variant-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "occurrence-evidence", "name": "Occurrence evidence", "description": "Identify the particular sign present in a source.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-support", "name": "Identity support", "description": "Keep the source representation and the evidence used to identify it, including disagreements between appearance and encoding.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was this occurrence identified from encoded text, an image, handwriting or a source description?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-support-q01" }, { "text": "Do its visible form and recorded encoding support the same identity, and what remains unresolved if they disagree?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "interrogative-attachment", "name": "Interrogative attachment", "description": "Record when and how an occurrence functions as punctuation for interrogative content.", "rationale": "Recognising the sign alone does not establish what passage it punctuates or whether its placement is appropriate.", "layers": [ { "id": "question-scope", "name": "Question scope", "description": "Determine the span to which interrogative punctuation applies.", "findings": [ { "id": "punctuated-span", "name": "Punctuated span", "description": "Associate an interrogative occurrence with its relevant clause, sentence, fragment or quoted span.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which exact span does this question mark punctuate?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "punctuated-span-q01" }, { "text": "Does the sign belong to quoted material, enclosing text or another explicitly identified span?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "punctuated-span-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "placement-convention", "name": "Placement convention", "description": "Assess position and punctuation relationships using the applicable writing convention.", "findings": [ { "id": "placement-assessment", "name": "Placement assessment", "description": "Record the rule used to judge position, spacing and relationships to nearby punctuation without assuming one universal convention.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which language and editorial convention govern this question mark's position and spacing?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "placement-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Under that convention, should this occurrence be preserved, moved, supplemented or removed?", "kind": "action", "id": "placement-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "non-interrogative-roles", "name": "Non-interrogative roles", "description": "Distinguish uncertainty, literal display and formally assigned meanings from interrogative punctuation.", "rationale": "Treating every question mark as a sentence-level question can corrupt annotations, interface interpretation or formal expressions.", "layers": [ { "id": "annotation-and-display", "name": "Annotation and display", "description": "Identify occurrences used as annotations, examples of the sign or interface symbols.", "findings": [ { "id": "displayed-role", "name": "Displayed role", "description": "Record an evidenced non-interrogative role and the target or component supplying its context.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence shows that this occurrence signals uncertainty, names the sign itself or serves an interface role?", "kind": "definition", "id": "displayed-role-q01" }, { "text": "Which assertion, value or interface component supplies the meaning that the sign alone cannot establish?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "displayed-role-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "formal-interpretation", "name": "Formal interpretation", "description": "Identify whether a surrounding formal system interprets the occurrence.", "findings": [ { "id": "notation-assigned-role", "name": "Notation-assigned role", "description": "Link an operational meaning to the specific notation and parsing context that assign it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which formal notation and version, if applicable, assign a role to this question mark in this position?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "notation-assigned-role-q01" }, { "text": "What validation is needed before changing it to establish whether parsing or behaviour would change?", "kind": "action", "id": "notation-assigned-role-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "representation-and-legibility", "name": "Representation and legibility", "description": "Assess whether the recorded and presented forms preserve the intended sign.", "rationale": "An apparent question mark may reflect transcription or rendering problems, while a valid occurrence may be difficult to perceive.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-fidelity", "name": "Source fidelity", "description": "Compare the current occurrence with its source across recognition and conversion steps.", "findings": [ { "id": "transcription-integrity", "name": "Transcription integrity", "description": "Track whether the question mark was present in the source or appeared during transcription, conversion or substitution.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can this occurrence be verified against the original source as an intentional question mark?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "transcription-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "Which recorded transformation first introduced a discrepancy between the source sign and the current representation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "transcription-integrity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "perceptible-form", "name": "Perceptible form", "description": "Assess recognition in the actual presentation context, including relevant nonvisual output.", "findings": [ { "id": "recognition-in-presentation", "name": "Recognition in presentation", "description": "Record whether intended readers can distinguish the sign and recover its contextual role from the presented output.", "questions": [ { "text": "At the intended display or print size, is this question mark distinguishable from nearby marks and plausible lookalikes?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "recognition-in-presentation-q01" }, { "text": "Where nonvisual access is required, does the tested output convey the sign's relevant role or require an accompanying label?", "kind": "action", "id": "recognition-in-presentation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "controlled-question-mark-edits", "name": "Controlled question-mark edits", "description": "Determine when an occurrence may be changed and what must be checked afterward.", "rationale": "Changing a question mark can alter interrogative force, expressed uncertainty, source fidelity or formal behaviour.", "layers": [ { "id": "edit-justification", "name": "Edit justification", "description": "Connect proposed insertion, deletion or replacement to a specific contextual need.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-transformation", "name": "Permitted transformation", "description": "Record the intended change, its authority and the interpretation it is expected to preserve or alter.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the proposed change correcting representation, changing punctuation or deliberately changing the meaning supplied by this question mark?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-transformation-q01" }, { "text": "Do the source-preservation and editing constraints permit that specific change?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "permitted-transformation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "edit-verification", "name": "Edit verification", "description": "Check the consequences of a question-mark transformation in its surrounding context.", "findings": [ { "id": "context-preservation-check", "name": "Context preservation check", "description": "Verify the resulting attachment, presentation and interpretation against the stated purpose of the edit.", "questions": [ { "text": "After the edit, does the surrounding passage or expression retain the intended interrogative, uncertainty-signalling or formal meaning?", "kind": "action", "id": "context-preservation-check-q01" }, { "text": "What comparison, rendering inspection or notation-specific validation demonstrates that the change achieved its intended result?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "context-preservation-check-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Latin terminal question mark (U+003F ?), the default closer in most Latin-script orthographies", "Inverted opening question mark (U+00BF ¿), paired with ? to bracket Spanish and related interrogatives", "Arabic/RTL question mark (U+061F ؟), a mirrored form used with Arabic, Persian, Urdu, N'Ko, Syriac and Adlam", "Fullwidth East Asian question mark (U+FF1F ？), the official CJK layout form occupying one em", "Greek question mark (U+037E ;), a semicolon-shaped mark canonically equivalent to U+003B", "Armenian question mark (U+055E ՞), a diacritic placed over the stressed vowel of the question word", "Interrobang (U+203D ‽) and inverted interrobang (U+2E18 ⸘), single glyphs combining question and exclamation", "Reversed/percontation mark (U+2E2E ⸮), a historic rhetorical-question form, distinct from the Arabic mirrored mark" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of question mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Unicode code point", "value_or_pattern": "U+003F", "note": "Character name QUESTION MARK; general category Po; script Common; inherited from ASCII." }, { "scheme": "ASCII / ISO/IEC 646", "value_or_pattern": "0x3F (decimal 63)", "note": "Single-byte identity mapping in UTF-8." }, { "scheme": "HTML named character reference", "value_or_pattern": "? or ? or ?", "note": "Inverted form is ¿ (U+00BF)." }, { "scheme": "URI percent-encoding", "value_or_pattern": "%3F", "note": "Unencoded ? is a reserved delimiter, not a data character, in RFC 3986." }, { "scheme": "Adobe Glyph List", "value_or_pattern": "question", "note": "PostScript/glyph-name mapping for U+003F." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of question mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Unicode Standard (Unicode Consortium) - encodes U+003F and the related interrogative repertoire (¿ ؟ ？ ; ՞ ‽ ⁇ ⁈ ⁉ ⸮ ⹔).", "ISO/IEC 10646 Universal Coded Character Set (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2) - aligned with Unicode for these code points.", "ISO/IEC 8859-1 Latin-1 (ISO) - includes inverted question mark 0xBF.", "RFC 3986 Uniform Resource Identifier: Generic Syntax (IETF) - '?' delimits the query component of a URI.", "Ortografía de la lengua española (Real Academia Española, from the 1754 Ortografía) - obligatory paired ¿…? for Spanish interrogatives.", "GB/T 15834 标点符号用法 (Standardization Administration of China / Ministry of Education) - Chinese punctuation, including the fullwidth question mark.", "Lexique des règles typographiques en usage à l'Imprimerie nationale (Imprimerie nationale, France) - thin non-breaking space before ? in French.", "Requirements for Chinese Text Layout (W3C) - fullwidth ？ metrics and stacking of repeated marks.", "POSIX.1 / IEEE Std 1003.1 (IEEE and The Open Group) - glob '?' matches exactly one character." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of question mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Terminates (or, in Spanish, brackets) written interrogative sentences and clauses in print, captions, UI copy and messaging.", "Opens the query string of a URL, e.g. /search?q=term&lang=en, so that following pairs are passed to a script.", "Acts as a one-character wildcard in Unix, DOS and Access filename globbing (contrast * for a string).", "In POSIX/Perl-style regular expressions, marks the preceding atom optional and can make a quantifier lazy.", "Placeholder for bind parameters in JDBC/ODBC-style prepared SQL.", "Prefixed to a diagnosis in English medical notes to mean 'query/possible' (e.g. ?diverticulitis).", "Chess annotation: '?' a bad move, '??' a blunder, '?!' dubious, '!?' interesting.", "Marks uncertain dates or data in running text, often in brackets: Genghis Khan (1162?-1227).", "Shown as a fallback glyph when a character cannot be mapped into the target encoding, or as Apple's flashing-folder '?' when no boot volume is found." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of question mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Unicode scalar value", "typical_range": "63 (U+003F) for the Latin mark; related marks occupy U+00BF, U+061F, U+FF1F and others", "unit": "code point" }, { "quantity": "UTF-8 encoded length", "typical_range": "1 octet (0x3F) for U+003F; 2 octets for ¿ and ؟; 3 octets for fullwidth ？", "unit": "byte" }, { "quantity": "Typographic advance width", "typical_range": "about 0.4-0.6 em for Latin U+003F (East Asian Width: Narrow); 1 em for U+FF1F", "unit": "em" }, { "quantity": "French preceding space", "typical_range": "narrow/thin non-breaking space before ? in France and Belgium; none in English and usually none in Canadian French", "unit": "space character" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of question mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Encoding substitution: unmappable characters silently become '?' or '�', destroying the original data.", "Unescaped '?' in a URI path is parsed as the start of the query string (seen as %3F when wrongly encoded in the path).", "Literal '?' treated as a metacharacter in glob, regex, SPARQL variables, or JDBC parameter binding.", "Omitted Spanish opening ¿, which the RAE treats as an error in formal writing and which hides interrogative scope.", "Greek U+037E normalised to semicolon U+003B, so a question mark and a Latin semicolon become identical in processing.", "Visual confusion with glottal-stop letter ʔ (U+0294) in phonetic text and with the replacement character � (U+FFFD).", "Stacked ??? or ?! vs dedicated ⁇/‽ producing inconsistent line-breaking and East Asian width (clreq: three marks should occupy two ems)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of question mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Spanish, Asturian, Galician and some Spanish-influenced languages require inverted ¿ at the start of the interrogative span; informal writing often drops it.", "France and Belgium put a thin non-breaking space before ?; Canadian French generally does not (except typically before the colon).", "Greek and Church Slavonic use a semicolon-shaped question mark; Hebrew is RTL but keeps the Latin-oriented ?.", "Arabic-script and several other RTL orthographies use mirrored ؟; Adlam also has a distinct initial question mark.", "Chinese official usage is fullwidth ？; Korean practice is typically halfwidth; Japanese historically relies on the particle か and still does not sanction ? in government or school texts, though informal use is common.", "Solomon Islands Pidgin may wrap a yes/no question in a pair of question marks because intonation is the only spoken cue." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of question mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Exclamation mark (!, U+0021)", "difference": "Marks exclamatory, not interrogative, illocution; both are terminal punctuation and are combined as ?! or as the interrobang." }, { "name": "Interrobang (‽, U+203D)", "difference": "A single invented glyph for question-plus-exclamation; ordinary practice still writes ?! or !? as two characters." }, { "name": "Semicolon (;, U+003B)", "difference": "In Latin script it is a pause mark, not a question mark; in Greek the question mark is this same shape and U+037E normalises to it." }, { "name": "Full stop / period (., U+002E)", "difference": "Declarative sentence terminator; a question mark occupies the same syntactic slot at the end of a sentence." }, { "name": "Latin letter glottal stop (ʔ, U+0294)", "difference": "A phonetic letter resembling '?' without the dot; it is not punctuation and does not terminate a clause." }, { "name": "Replacement character (�, U+FFFD)", "difference": "A decoding-failure symbol often drawn as a question mark in a diamond; it is not an interrogative mark and should not be stored as U+003F." }, { "name": "Inverted question mark (¿, U+00BF)", "difference": "The opening member of a Spanish pair, not a substitute for the closer; it lives in Latin-1, not in ASCII." }, { "name": "Asterisk wildcard (*)", "difference": "In globbing, '*' matches a string of any length while '?' matches exactly one character; they are not interchangeable." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of question mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does this registry entry own only the ordinary question-mark sign, or also inverted, script-specific and other conventional variants?", "Which repeated or combined question-mark forms should be represented as sequences of occurrences, and which belong to separate registered signs?", "Which authoritative language and editorial references should support placement and spacing judgements in the first supported contexts?", "Where should ownership divide between this sign model and neighbouring models for uncertainty annotations and question-mark interface symbols?", "What evidence threshold should establish intentional use when only a rendered image or potentially lossy transcription survives?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a question mark, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a question mark, assess whether its form and use fit its context, and decide whether to preserve, insert, replace, explain or flag it.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ⸮, ; (U+037E), ՞, ܉.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 102 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a question mark, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "⸮", "; (U+037E)", "՞", "܉" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 102 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one question mark from another, and a question mark from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a question mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a question mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a question mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a question mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a question mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a question mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a question mark sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a question mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a question mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a question mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a question mark from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a question mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a question mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a question mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a question mark passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a question mark between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a question mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a question mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a question mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a question mark, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a question mark is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a question mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a question mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a question mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a question mark says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a question mark contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a question mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a question mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a question mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a question mark and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a question mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a question mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a question mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of question mark a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For question mark, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of question mark exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made question mark and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to question mark, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in question mark, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a question mark came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a question mark and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a question mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a question mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a question mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a question mark is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a question mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a question mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a question mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }