{ "model": { "rank": 5753, "code": "thing-q1137321", "model_id": "vr.tr.onchocerciasis", "name": "onchocerciasis", "purpose": "Let an agent explain onchocerciasis and its transmission, relay symptoms, treatment and control programmes from WHO and tropical medicine sources in general terms, describe the regional skin forms the registry aliases name, and distinguish onchocerciasis from other filarial diseases and from trachoma as a cause of blindness.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q1137321/", "tier": 2, "score": 65, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "ocular onchocerciasis", "Mal morando", "Erisipela de la costa", "Sowda" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 65, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q1137321", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137321", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T14:57:12Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1137321", "registryId": "vr.tr.onchocerciasis", "name": "onchocerciasis", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1137321/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.onchocerciasis", "name": "onchocerciasis", "purpose": "Let an agent explain onchocerciasis and its transmission, relay symptoms, treatment and control programmes from WHO and tropical medicine sources in general terms, describe the regional skin forms the registry aliases name, and distinguish onchocerciasis from other filarial diseases and from trachoma as a cause of blindness.", "definition": "River blindness, a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus transmitted by blackflies breeding in fast-flowing rivers, causing severe itching, skin changes known regionally as sowda, mal morando and erisipela de la costa, nodules and, in ocular onchocerciasis, visual impairment and blindness; it affects mainly sub-Saharan Africa and is controlled by mass ivermectin treatment and vector control. The model gives general information and routes people to health services.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a disease.", "affordances": [ "explain the disease", "relay treatment and control", "route to health services", "distinguish related diseases" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Filarial parasite", "Blackfly vector", "Skin and eye disease", "Mass treatment control" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; skin nodules, dermatitis and eye disease.", "visual_identification": [ "Parasitic disease transmitted by blackflies", "Ocular onchocerciasis, sowda, mal morando, erisipela de la costa", "Lymphatic filariasis is a different filarial disease; trachoma is bacterial" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "people infected", "typical_range": "about 21", "unit": "million", "note": "2017 estimate" }, { "quantity": "vector", "typical_range": "Simulium blackflies", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "treatment", "typical_range": "ivermectin mass drug administration", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "countries verified free", "typical_range": "Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Guatemala", "unit": "list", "note": "as of 2020s" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "ocular onchocerciasis", "onchocercal skin disease including sowda", "regional forms such as mal morando and erisipela de la costa", "nodding syndrome association under study" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "filariasis", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "neglected tropical disease", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is caused by", "target": "Onchocerca volvulus", "why": "a filarial worm" }, { "relation": "is treated with", "target": "ivermectin", "why": "in mass programmes" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-10", "value_or_pattern": "B73", "note": "onchocerciasis" }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D009855", "note": "Onchocerciasis" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "WHO elimination guidelines and verification criteria", "National mass drug administration programmes" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Agents giving personal medical advice", "Ivermectin risks in areas with Loa loa co-infection", "Registry aliases naming regional terms without context" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What onchocerciasis is.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is onchocerciasis, and how does it differ from lymphatic filariasis and trachoma?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the user describing personal symptoms, which need a health service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are ocular onchocerciasis, sowda, mal morando and erisipela de la costa?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "disease", "name": "Disease", "description": "Transmission and disease.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "transmission", "name": "Transmission", "description": "Transmission.", "findings": [ { "id": "transmission-finding", "name": "Transmission", "description": "Transmission.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do blackflies transmit the parasite, and what is its life cycle?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "effects", "name": "Effects", "description": "Effects.", "findings": [ { "id": "effects-finding", "name": "Effects", "description": "Effects.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the parasite cause skin and eye disease?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "control", "name": "Control", "description": "Treatment and control.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is onchocerciasis treated with ivermectin and other drugs, in general terms, and what precautions apply?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits ivermectin?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "programmes", "name": "Programmes", "description": "Programmes.", "findings": [ { "id": "programmes-finding", "name": "Programmes", "description": "Programmes.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have WHO and partner programmes controlled and eliminated the disease?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific programme?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and burden.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the Onchocerciasis Control Programme and Mectizan donation change the disease?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of tropical medicine?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "burden", "name": "Burden", "description": "Burden.", "findings": [ { "id": "burden-finding", "name": "Burden", "description": "Burden.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where does the disease persist, and what is its social burden?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits neglected tropical disease?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should ocular onchocerciasis and sowda be separate primary entries?", "How should WHO sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming regional skin forms; should they be recorded as such?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a onchocerciasis, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain onchocerciasis and its transmission, relay symptoms, treatment and control programmes from WHO and tropical medicine sources in general terms, describe the regional skin forms the registry aliases name, and distinguish onchocerciasis from other filarial diseases and from trachoma as a cause of blindness.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ocular onchocerciasis, Mal morando, Erisipela de la costa, Sowda.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 65 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a onchocerciasis, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "ocular onchocerciasis", "Mal morando", "Erisipela de la costa", "Sowda" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 65 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one onchocerciasis from another, and a onchocerciasis from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a onchocerciasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a onchocerciasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a onchocerciasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a onchocerciasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a onchocerciasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a onchocerciasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a onchocerciasis sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a onchocerciasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a onchocerciasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a onchocerciasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a onchocerciasis from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a onchocerciasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a onchocerciasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a onchocerciasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a onchocerciasis passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a onchocerciasis between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a onchocerciasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a onchocerciasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a onchocerciasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a onchocerciasis, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a onchocerciasis is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a onchocerciasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a onchocerciasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a onchocerciasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What onchocerciasis is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of onchocerciasis are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is onchocerciasis operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of onchocerciasis and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of onchocerciasis?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as onchocerciasis?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a onchocerciasis came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a onchocerciasis and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a onchocerciasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a onchocerciasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a onchocerciasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a onchocerciasis is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a onchocerciasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a onchocerciasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a onchocerciasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }