{ "model": { "rank": 1485, "code": "thing-q11425", "model_id": "vr.tr.animation", "name": "animation", "purpose": "Let an agent handle animation by technique, work, studio, tradition, age ratings and careers, with sourced information.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q11425/", "tier": 2, "score": 143, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "mixed animation techniques", "Western anime-influenced animated television series", "adult animated television series", "Hong Kong animation", "Taiwanese animation", "Indonesian animation", "Singaporean animation", "Macau animation", "Canadian animation", "Masra’iyya", "North Korean animation", "Thai animation", "Vietnamese animation", "Philippine animation", "South Korean animation", "Malaysian animation", "western animation", "Chinese animation", "South Korean animated season", "Chinese animated season", "short anime", "rotoscoping", "character animation", "morphing", "animation error", "sand animation", "Psychedelic animation", "Italian animation", "computer animation", "web animation", "whiteboard animation", "paint-on-glass animation", "traditional animation", "inbetweening", "pinscreen animation", "anime-influenced animation", "effects animation", "stop-motion", "adult animation", "totalization" ], "aliasCount": 70, "merged": 70, "knownIn": 143, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.animation-attribute", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q11425", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T10:43:20Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q11425", "registryId": "vr.tr.animation", "name": "animation", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11425/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.animation", "name": "animation", "purpose": "Let an agent handle animation by technique, work, studio, tradition, age ratings and careers, with sourced information.", "definition": "The technique and art of creating the illusion of movement by displaying a sequence of images, made by hand drawing, stop motion, computer graphics or other methods, and the films, series and games produced this way, including national traditions such as anime.", "what_it_is_for": "Storytelling, entertainment, education and visual communication.", "affordances": [ "identify animation techniques", "find works, studios and credits", "check age ratings", "find animation training routes" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Illusion of movement", "Many techniques", "For all ages, not only children", "Global traditions" ], "appearance": "Moving images on screens, from drawn cartoons to 3D computer animation.", "visual_identification": [ "2D, 3D and stop-motion styles", "Studio credits", "Live-action film is a different technique" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "traditional 2D animation", "3D computer animation", "stop-motion", "anime and other national traditions", "motion graphics" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "film production", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "produces", "target": "animated film and series", "why": "works" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "computer graphics", "why": "technology" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "comic", "why": "medium" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Age rating systems", "Copyright law", "Photosensitivity guidance for broadcasts" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Assuming animation is for children only", "Flashing sequences triggering seizures", "Misattributed credits" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "technique", "name": "Technique", "description": "How it is made.", "rationale": "Techniques differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "method", "name": "Method", "description": "Type.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-finding", "name": "Method", "description": "Animation technique.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which technique was used?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does it work?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tools", "name": "Tools", "description": "Software.", "findings": [ { "id": "tools-finding", "name": "Tools", "description": "Tools.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which tools are commonly used for this technique?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are there free options?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "works", "name": "Works", "description": "Films and series.", "rationale": "Works need sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "identity", "name": "Identity", "description": "Title and studio.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-finding", "name": "Identity", "description": "Work identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which work and studio are meant?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who are the key creators?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rating", "name": "Rating", "description": "Age suitability.", "findings": [ { "id": "rating-finding", "name": "Rating", "description": "Age rating.", "questions": [ { "text": "What age rating applies?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is it suitable for this viewer?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Traditions.", "rationale": "Traditions shape styles.", "layers": [ { "id": "tradition", "name": "Tradition", "description": "National styles.", "findings": [ { "id": "tradition-finding", "name": "Tradition", "description": "Traditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which national or studio tradition does it belong to?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How did it develop?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Milestones.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "What were key milestones in animation history?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources document them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "careers", "name": "Careers", "description": "Working in animation.", "rationale": "People train as animators.", "layers": [ { "id": "training", "name": "Training", "description": "Courses.", "findings": [ { "id": "training-finding", "name": "Training", "description": "Training.", "questions": [ { "text": "What training routes lead into animation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which skills are needed?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Photosensitivity.", "findings": [ { "id": "safety-finding", "name": "Safety", "description": "Photosensitivity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the animation include flashing that could trigger seizures?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which guideline applies?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should techniques be separate entries?", "How should national traditions be linked?", "How should credits be sourced?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a animation, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle animation by technique, work, studio, tradition, age ratings and careers, with sourced information.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: mixed animation techniques, Western anime-influenced animated television series, adult animated television series, Hong Kong animation, Taiwanese animation, Indonesian animation, Singaporean animation, Macau animation, Canadian animation, Masra’iyya, North Korean animation, Thai animation.", "70 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 143 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a animation, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "mixed animation techniques", "Western anime-influenced animated television series", "adult animated television series", "Hong Kong animation", "Taiwanese animation", "Indonesian animation", "Singaporean animation", "Macau animation", "Canadian animation", "Masra’iyya", "North Korean animation", "Thai animation" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 143 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 70 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one animation from another, and a animation from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a animation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a animation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a animation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a animation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a animation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a animation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a animation sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a animation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a animation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a animation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a animation from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a animation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a animation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a animation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a animation passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a animation between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a animation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a animation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a animation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a animation, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a animation is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a animation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a animation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a animation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a animation proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a animation, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a animation and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a animation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a animation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a animation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a animation consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a animation takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a animation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a animation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a animation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What animation is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of animation are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is animation operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of animation and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of animation?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as animation?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a animation came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a animation and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a animation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a animation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a animation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a animation is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a animation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a animation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a animation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }