{ "model": { "rank": 1388, "code": "thing-q11465", "model_id": "vr.tr.velocity", "name": "velocity", "purpose": "Let an agent handle velocity by definition, calculation, frame of reference and applications, distinguishing it from speed.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q11465/", "tier": 2, "score": 151, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Gravitsapa", "phase velocity", "orbital speed", "sound particle velocity", "peripheral velocity", "sound wave velocity", "molecule local average velocity", "wind velocity", "exhaust velocity", "slower-than-light", "climate velocity", "train speed", "bulk velocity", "peculiar velocity", "initial velocity", "four-velocity", "transitional velocity", "hull speed", "relative velocity", "transonic", "tempo", "commercial speed", "group velocity", "radial velocity", "advisory speed", "design speed", "cosmic velocity", "faster-than-light", "flow velocity", "terminal velocity", "reaction time", "explosive velocity", "drift velocity", "root-mean-square sound particle velocity", "peak particle velocity", "calando", "rubato", "Langsam", "rinforzando", "ritenuto" ], "aliasCount": 102, "merged": 102, "knownIn": 151, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q11465", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T10:13:09Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q11465", "registryId": "vr.tr.velocity", "name": "velocity", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11465/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.velocity", "name": "velocity", "purpose": "Let an agent handle velocity by definition, calculation, frame of reference and applications, distinguishing it from speed.", "definition": "A vector quantity giving the rate of change of position of an object with respect to time, including both speed and direction, measured in metres per second; related quantities include phase velocity and orbital speed.", "what_it_is_for": "Describing motion in physics and engineering.", "affordances": [ "compute velocity from displacement and time", "distinguish velocity and speed", "change frames of reference", "convert units" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Vector quantity", "Depends on reference frame", "Derivative of position", "Changes with acceleration" ], "appearance": "Not visible; represented by arrows and numbers.", "visual_identification": [ "Magnitude and direction", "Units m/s, km/h", "Speed is the magnitude only" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "instantaneous velocity", "average velocity", "relative velocity", "angular velocity", "phase and group velocity" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "vector quantity", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is the derivative of", "target": "position", "why": "relation" }, { "relation": "changes with", "target": "acceleration", "why": "relation" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "speed", "why": "scalar" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "SI unit", "value_or_pattern": "metre per second (m/s)", "note": "unit" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ISO 80000-3 space and time quantities" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing speed and velocity", "Ignoring frame of reference" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "quantity", "name": "Quantity", "description": "Definition.", "rationale": "Direction matters.", "layers": [ { "id": "value", "name": "Value", "description": "Magnitude and direction.", "findings": [ { "id": "value-finding", "name": "Value", "description": "Velocity value.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the magnitude and direction of the velocity?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "In which units?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "frame", "name": "Frame", "description": "Reference frame.", "findings": [ { "id": "frame-finding", "name": "Frame", "description": "Reference frame.", "questions": [ { "text": "Relative to which frame is it measured?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does it change in another frame?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "calculation", "name": "Calculation", "description": "Methods.", "rationale": "Methods compute velocity.", "layers": [ { "id": "average", "name": "Average", "description": "Displacement over time.", "findings": [ { "id": "average-finding", "name": "Average", "description": "Average velocity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the average velocity over this interval?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How does it differ from average speed?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "instantaneous", "name": "Instantaneous", "description": "Derivative.", "findings": [ { "id": "instantaneous-finding", "name": "Instantaneous", "description": "Instantaneous velocity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the instantaneous velocity at this time?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How is it derived?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "applications", "name": "Applications", "description": "Uses.", "rationale": "Velocity appears widely.", "layers": [ { "id": "orbits", "name": "Orbits", "description": "Orbital speed.", "findings": [ { "id": "orbits-finding", "name": "Orbits", "description": "Orbital velocity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What orbital velocity is needed at this altitude?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which formula applies?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "waves", "name": "Waves", "description": "Phase and group.", "findings": [ { "id": "waves-finding", "name": "Waves", "description": "Wave velocities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is phase or group velocity meant?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How do they differ?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "teaching", "name": "Teaching", "description": "Learning.", "rationale": "Clear examples help.", "layers": [ { "id": "explain", "name": "Explain", "description": "Examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "explain-finding", "name": "Explain", "description": "Explanation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can velocity be explained with an everyday example?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which diagram helps?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "errors", "name": "Errors", "description": "Common mistakes.", "findings": [ { "id": "errors-finding", "name": "Errors", "description": "Common mistakes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is direction being ignored?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How can it be corrected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should kinds of velocity be separate entries?", "How should relativistic velocity be linked?", "How should wave velocities be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a velocity, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle velocity by definition, calculation, frame of reference and applications, distinguishing it from speed.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Gravitsapa, phase velocity, orbital speed, sound particle velocity, peripheral velocity, sound wave velocity, molecule local average velocity, wind velocity, exhaust velocity, slower-than-light, climate velocity, train speed.", "102 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 151 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a velocity, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Gravitsapa", "phase velocity", "orbital speed", "sound particle velocity", "peripheral velocity", "sound wave velocity", "molecule local average velocity", "wind velocity", "exhaust velocity", "slower-than-light", "climate velocity", "train speed" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 151 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 102 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one velocity from another, and a velocity from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a velocity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a velocity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a velocity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a velocity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a velocity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a velocity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a velocity sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a velocity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a velocity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a velocity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a velocity from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a velocity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a velocity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a velocity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a velocity passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a velocity between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a velocity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a velocity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a velocity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a velocity, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a velocity is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a velocity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a velocity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a velocity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What velocity is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of velocity are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is velocity operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of velocity and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of velocity?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as velocity?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a velocity came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a velocity and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a velocity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a velocity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a velocity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a velocity is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a velocity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a velocity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a velocity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }